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1.
近地小行星与地球碰撞虽然罕见但可能会造成灾难性后果。近年来,各国加强了对近地小行星的监控、跟踪力度,并且实施了几次卓有成效的探测任务,如何防御近地小行星威胁的研究越来越多。总结了目前近地小行星的主要观测监视设施和现状,讨论了国际上对小行星威胁的评估情况,分析和评估了目前提出的防御手段的研究现状及其可行性。  相似文献   

2.
在围绕太阳旋转的九大行星中,水星距太阳最近,冥王星离太阳最远,这两者问其他行星与太阳之间的距离,是按照18世纪中期德国的提丢斯-波得定则,从内向外按一定比例逐级递增的。但这中间有一个例外,那就是在火星和木星之间没有遵从这一规律,而是呈现出一个超比例  相似文献   

3.
近年来,各国针对近地小行星的威胁及相应防御策略的研究越来越多。调研了国内外近地天体观测发展现状和多种近地小行星撞击地球的防御策略,通过比较分析防御策略的实现原理、关键技术和存在的问题,对各种策略的适用性、可行性和有效性进行了评估。通过对各种策略的分析和总结,结合我国近地小行星防御策略的研究现状,尝试性提出了采用多种策略组合的方式对有潜在威胁的小行星采取相关有效方案,为航天器的研制和防御策略的实施争取更多的时间。  相似文献   

4.
针对中国近地小行星防御研究在处置规则、协同机制、运行流程等方面存在的不足, 为了应对小行星防御和灾害救援方面不断提升的需求, 提出一种小行星防御仿真推演策略. 根据国内外小行星防御发展现状, 分析了中国小行星防御方面存在的差距. 从机制建立和协同应急处置的角度出发, 分析了国内外小行星防御仿真推演情况. 基于国内外研究现状, 设计了一套小行星防御仿真推演方案, 提出了中国开展小行星防御演练的组织架构, 包括指导层、事件处置层和业务支撑层等三个层次, 为小行星防御演练提供基本的组织支撑; 给出了小行星撞击事件的应急响应机制和一般处置规则设想, 为事件的处置和组织架构中各层次运行提供了规则基础; 初步设计了演练场景, 对机制和规则进行了验证, 为近地小行星防御工作组织及实施提供了参考.  相似文献   

5.
数量庞大的近地小行星对地球安全构成了重大潜在威胁,受现阶段小天体观测技术水平限制,仍有大量危险性小行星尚未发现.瞄准我国近地小行星空间观测技术发展需求,通过综合分析国内外近地小行星观测现状及相关技术水平,并结合天/地基小行星观测平台能力对比,从我国近地小天体观测技术基础出发,提出了我国空间红外小行星观测技术方案.采用可...  相似文献   

6.
庞峥 《太空探索》2012,(4):50-53
2012年1月27日,一颗公共汽车大小的小行星与地球擦肩而过,距离地球最近时只有6万千米。这颗名为“2012BX34”的小行星位列20颗最接近地球的小行星之首。尽管它没有对地球造成威胁,但再次向地球人敲响了警钟,要加速研究如何防止近地小行星撞击地球的方法和技术了,  相似文献   

7.
庞征 《太空探索》2013,(5):23-27
2012年、2013年,美国先后成立了2家准备到小行星采矿的民间公司,在全球引起了广泛关注和热议。现在,仅从太阳系范围来说,在月球和小行星等地外天体上,有丰富的矿产资源。就开发地外矿藏资源而言,从现有的技术、星球的远近、矿藏的价值、经济的收益等综合因素考虑,小行星上的矿藏具有开采的必要性和可行性。因为天文学家已发现了9500颗近地小行星,并且每年还新发  相似文献   

8.
研究了采用碰撞的方式进行小行星防御的动力学问题。采用多面体模型来建立小行星的外形模型,以碎石堆模型来建立小行星的结构模型,计算了小行星受到与其密度和材质相同的球体高速碰撞过程和碰撞后的碎石分布。计算过程在考虑了小行星与碰撞球体的接触形变以及小行星内部组成碎石堆的接触形变条件下,计算了碎石堆内部的相互引力、法向接触力、切向静摩擦力、切向动摩擦力和滚动摩擦力矩。以小行星101955 Bennu(中文名贝努)为对象计算了潜在威胁小行星的碰撞防御过程的动力学行为。结果显示:采用高速碰撞的方法进行小行星防御可以有效地将小行星撞成大量碎小的石块,且该方法具有核爆的方法不可比拟的优势,即对空间环境无污染。  相似文献   

9.
俄科学院近日提出向阿波菲斯近地小行星发射一颗带有无线电信标的卫星,以确定其撞击地球的威胁到底有多大。  相似文献   

10.
安慧 《太空探索》2014,(2):34-37
2013年12月14日21时11分,嫦娥三号探测器成功落月,中国探测器首次登上地外天体,这标志着我国已成为世界上第三个实现月球软着陆的国家。在我国人民为此兴高采烈时,我们自然会问,美国作为实现人类登月的国家,如何选择载人航天的新目的地?  相似文献   

11.
    
This paper presents the preliminary mission and science analysis of a new mission concept for the large scale, low-cost exploration of Near Earth Objects (NEOs). The concept is to enable close range observations of NEOs by performing close flybys of a series of NEOs at one of their nodal points, with pairs of small spacecraft flying in formation. The paper presents a preliminary assessment of accessible asteroids and multi-target tour trajectories from data available in the JPL small-body database.The main instruments on board each spacecraft are a camera and a LIDAR which together can be used for orbit determination, surface imaging, direct asteroid ranging and asteroid mass estimation via intersatellite ranging. The paper provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the measurable quantities during each flyby. In particular, the feasibility of a novel method of NEO mass estimation is assessed.  相似文献   

12.
    
In this study, the Earth’s Trojan asteroid 2010 TK7 is selected as the rendezvous target. The multiple flyby sequence of asteroid exploration was proposed by optimizing the probe’s orbit. Impulsive maneuvers and low-thrust propulsion were used respectively to design the trajectories of the multiple asteroids exploration mission. Under impulsive maneuvers, gravity assist technique was adopted to reduce fuel consumption. First a reference orbit with only 2010 TK7 as the rendezvous target was designed. Then five asteroids near the reference orbit were selected as candidates. Finally, we obtained a multiple asteroids exploration sequence of three asteroids based on gravity assist technique and genetic algorithm, and an additional velocity impulse of 0.4?km/s was required. In the subsequent section, a sixth-degree inverse polynomial shape-based method is applied to the low-thrust trajectory design of 2010 TK7, and the exploration sequence under the action of low-thrust propulsion was provided.  相似文献   

13.
开发了适用于小行星环境的大规模三维离散元程序DEMBody,针对低速射弹溅射表层风化层的小行星采样方案,仿真了相同质量不同形状的射弹在微重力环境下垂直射入颗粒床的过程,研究了溅射物质在采样器中的运动历程及最终收集质量与射弹形状的关系。结果表明,90°锥形射弹的采样效率最高。  相似文献   

14.
A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.  相似文献   

15.
    
Modern techniques for planetary defense from comets and asteroids involve the deflection of the bolide via kinetic, gravitational, ablative, or radiative means. While potentially effective, none of these methods are capable of operating in a terminal interdiction mode wherethe threat is discovered with little time prior to impact. We present a practical and effective method for planetary defense which enables extremely short interdiction time scales, but can also operate within longer time scales and can be effective for extremely large threats. Called PI (“Pulverize It”), the method makes use of an array of hypervelocity penetrators which uses the kinetic energy of the asteroid or comet to disrupt it. In the terminal interdiction mode, the fragments of maximum 10 m diameter disperse laterally as they continue towards the Earth, and then enter the Earth’s atmosphere where they burn up as a series of airburst events which spatially and temporally de-correlate the energy of the original parent bolide for any arbitrary observer on the ground in the form of acoustical shockwaves and optical pulses. We show that terminal interdiction modes ranging from 2 minutes prior to impact for 20-meter class bolides (such as the Chelyabinsk asteroid), 1 day prior to impact for 100 m-class asteroids, 10 days prior to impact for Apophis-class asteroids (370 m), and even 60 days prior to impact for 1 km-class threats are all possible, though longer warning times are always preferred. Using only technologies readily available today, the PI method allows for a cost-effective and practical roadmap towards robust planetary defense capability.  相似文献   

16.
针对2020-2040年载人小行星探测任务,研究了探测目标选择与轨道优化设计问题。首先,针对已编目的近地小行星,综合考虑绝对星等、燃料消耗等多方面因素与约束,给出了适合载人探测任务的候选小行星序列;然后,构建了载人小行星探测任务轨道的设计模型,采用参数优化算法对探测轨道进行了设计;进一步,为了获得最优探测轨道,利用主矢量原理对探测轨道进行了优化。该研究可为载人小行星探测任务设计提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

17.
We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.  相似文献   

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