基于双椭球模型的双星系统稳定性研究

太阳系中存在着数量众多的双星系统。研究双星系统对于认识小行星的起源和演化有着重要意义。本文以双椭球模型,使用Joshua推导的四阶精度相互势,对双互锁双星系统进行研究。并通过KTC定理证明其稳定性。研究结果验证了卫星和主星存在相对滚转角速度是双互锁系统的一种可能的绕转方式。     

双星系统L1点悬停探测控制器设计与仿真

双小行星系统探测具有重要的科学意义,受其复杂动力学环境影响,探测任务极具挑战。利用球谐函数法对双星系统进行引力场建模,求解双星系统平动点,并选取其内部共线平动点L_1点作为双星系统悬停探测目标位置。采用航天探测实际任务中常用的脉冲推力式发动机,设计了一种原理简单、便于工程实现的常值切换bang-bang控制器。以69230Hermes双星系统为例,将Hermes近似为双椭球系统,仿真分析航天器在Hermes双星系统L_1点悬停飞行的控制效果,验证所提控制策略有效性。     

双小行星系统引力场建模方法研究

针对弱引力双小行星系统的引力场建模问题,本文采用复杂度和精度依次递增的球体–球体模型、椭球体–球体模型和改进的限制性椭球体–椭球体模型来进行引力场建模,并分别采用椭圆积分以及无积分环节、计算效率高的二阶二次球谐函数来表征引力势,从而比较精确地刻画双小行星系统和探测器构成的限制性全三体问题的动力学模型;针对双小行星系统1999KW4,对其不同的引力场模型进行了仿真研究,分别给出了不同模型下的等效势能函数曲面及零速度曲线,比较了不同模型下的平动点位置坐标偏差。结果表明,二阶二次球谐函数计算引力势的椭球体-椭球体模型计算精度高,复杂程度低,计算量更少,计算速度更快,能够较精确的对双小行星系统进行引力场建模。     

应用太阳帆悬停探测哑铃形小行星

研究了太阳帆航天器在哑铃形小行星引力场内的悬停探测可行性问题。哑铃形小行星代表了一类细长形的小行星,文中首先建立哑铃形小行星的简化动力学模型。针对可变反射面积的太阳帆,给出其在小行星引力场内的悬停动力学方程,并仿真求解了哑铃形小行星附近的太阳帆可行悬停探测区域。     

载人小行星探测目标选择与轨道优化设计

针对2020-2040年载人小行星探测任务,研究了探测目标选择与轨道优化设计问题。首先,针对已编目的近地小行星,综合考虑绝对星等、燃料消耗等多方面因素与约束,给出了适合载人探测任务的候选小行星序列;然后,构建了载人小行星探测任务轨道的设计模型,采用参数优化算法对探测轨道进行了设计;进一步,为了获得最优探测轨道,利用主矢量原理对探测轨道进行了优化。该研究可为载人小行星探测任务设计提供有价值的参考。     

基于最小轨道交叉距离的小行星顺访探测目标预筛选方法

小行星探测有助于研究太阳系演化等重要科学问题,在深空探测任务转移途中实施小行星顺访探测可增加科学研究回报。直接通过轨道递推筛选小行星探测目标计算量大、效率低,针对该问题提出了基于最小轨道交叉距离的目标预筛选方法。在推导出适用于计算双曲线轨道的最小轨道交叉距离公式后,将此理论应用到小行星顺访探测目标筛选中。首先基于探测器与小行星轨道的形状、空间位置计算二者轨道在空间中的几何最近距离,预筛选出可能满足接近距离标准的小行星目标;然后基于轨道递推模型,筛选出真实最近距离小于可接近标准的目标小行星。仿真结果显示,基于最小轨道交叉距离的预筛选方法可有效减少计算量,降低计算时间,提高小行星顺访目标筛选的效率。      

强不规则天体引力场中的动力学研究进展

小行星探测与彗星探测是深空探测的重要方面。一般来说,小行星和彗星因质量都不足以使得万有引力克服应力达到流体静力学平衡,而具有强不规则的外形。研究强不规则天体引力场中的动力学行为及其内在机制,是探测器被不规则天体捕获并对其形成近距离探测轨道的基础。从引力场模型和动力学行为两个方面综述了强不规则天体引力场中动力学的研究进展,在引力场模型的研究方面介绍了强不规则天体引力场建模的球谐函数摄动展开模型、简单特殊体模型及多面体模型的研究现状,在动力学机制的研究方面介绍了强不规则天体引力场中的周期轨道和拟周期轨道、平衡点、流形、分岔与共振以及混沌运动的研究现状,指出了这些方面研究的重点与难点。分析了强不规则体引力场中动力学的研究趋势。     

高速无人机地面变速滑跑转弯方向稳定性研究

高速起降无人机地面滑跑过程中受到轮胎力、气动力、舵面力等多个非线性因素的影响，容易发生转弯失控，在地面打转甚至冲出跑道等严重事故。目前利用分岔理论分析飞机地面滑跑非线性转弯系统稳定性时，都是基于匀速滑跑的平衡态系统，无法分析加减速对非线性非自治飞机地面滑跑系统稳定性的影响。对此，提出利用达朗贝尔原理将非线性动态系统转化为等效非线性平衡态系统进行分岔特性研究。在MATLAB/Simulink中建立无人机非线性地面变速滑跑动力学模型，并基于达朗贝尔原理在系统模型中引入惯性力，将系统转化为等效平衡态系统，进而利用数值延拓法对系统全局稳定性及分岔特性进行求解，分析了无人机变速滑跑过程中加速度对无人机转弯方向稳定性的影响，并对系统出现的鞍结分岔现象、Hopf分岔现象进行分析。通过对3种典型工况下无人机的运动状态和受力进行分析，揭示了无人机地面变速滑跑转弯时发生方向失稳的本质与机理。同时，在加速度单参数分岔分析的基础上，采用开折方法，将前轮转角作为附加参数引入无人机地面滑跑动力学模型，进行双参数分岔分析，讨论了双参数组合对无人机地面滑跑方向稳定性的影响规律，并就双参数分岔过程中新出现的BT分岔、G...     

双星跟飞立体成像的构形保持控制

针对强干扰及输出饱和条件下微小双星立体成像的构形保持问题,提出一种基于观测器的抗干扰复合控制策略.根据立体成像双星跟飞运动机理,建立双星相对运动动力学模型;设计了一种自适应干扰观测器,可同时实现系统状态和干扰信息的在线估计,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式技术给出观测器存在条件.采用极点配置方法改善观测器系统的动态性能,引入指数衰减因子提高控制器的收敛速度.考虑执行机构的输出饱和特性,提出一种加权PD+LQR反馈与干扰前馈补偿的复合控制策略,能够抑制未知干扰的影响,保证系统的动态和稳态性能,具备双星构形保持控制能力.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.      

近地小行星采矿与防御计划发展现状

近地小行星交会、绕飞、着陆与采样返回技术经过数10年的发展日趋成熟。美国的OSIRIS-Rex对C类小行星进行特征分析与采样,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的“隼鸟-2号”任务目的是小行星深层采样。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲空间局（ESA）的小行星探测任务开始转向行星防御领域。NASA的ARM（Asteroid Redirect Mission）计划是开展小行星抓捕与轨道重定向,ESA联合NASA提出了小行星撞击与偏转评估计划,拟对双星系统开展撞击实验,为行星防御提供技术积累。此外,行星资源公司和深空工业公司分别规划了小行星商业采矿的蓝图,并已开展相关的在轨技术验证。对近地小行星的探测历程进行了回顾,重点介绍了OSIRIS-Rex、“隼鸟-2号”、NASA和ESA的行星防御计划及小行星采矿公司的商业采矿战略规划,总结了未来开展行星防御与采矿的关键技术。     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Attitude stability and periodic attitudes of rigid spacecrafts on the stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra

In this work, equilibrium attitude configurations, attitude stability and periodic attitude families are investigated for rigid spacecrafts moving on stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra. The polyhedral approach is adopted to formulate the equations of rotational motion. In this dynamical model, six equilibrium attitude configurations with non-zero Euler angles are identified for a spacecraft moving on each stationary orbit. Then the linearized equations of attitude motion at equilibrium attitudes are derived. Based on the linear system, the necessary conditions of stability of equilibrium attitudes are provided, and stability domains on the spacecraft’s characteristic plane are obtained. It is found that the stability domains are distributed in the first and third quadrants of the characteristic plane and the stability domain in the third quadrant is separated into two regions by an unstable belt. Subsequently, we present the linear solution around a stable equilibrium attitude point, indicating that there are three types of elemental periodic attitudes. By means of numerical approaches, three fundamental families of periodic solutions are determined in the full attitude model.     

The dynamical environments analysis of surface particles for different shaped asteroids

Asteroids are coming to be a popular topic in the areas of astrophysical studies and deep space exploration recently. However, surface dynamics of asteroids is still a difficult problem. This paper aims at the motion analysis of surface particles for different asteroids. The dynamical analysis method of particles’ movement is given for three parts: global motion trend, local motion trend and static analysis. A dimensionless parameter ζ is defined to distinguish the predominant term to determine the distribution of effective potential. Three kinds of common asteroids: spheroidal asteroid, spindle-shaped asteroid and dumbbell-shaped asteroid are all discussed for those three parts with different parameter ζ. The motion trend of particles on the surface of each kind of asteroid is given. The static analysis of surface particles for different asteroids is also illustrated. Based on them, some common rules for different shaped asteroids are revealed. This paper could not only provide a reference for asteroid exploration missions but also be meaningful for the research of morphologic evolution of asteroids.     

小行星探测发展综述

小天体上保存着太阳系形成初期的原始成分,同时可能蕴含着地球生命与水起源的重要线索,是研究太阳系起源和演化历史的活化石。近年来,小行星探测已成为主要航天国家深空探索领域的重点发展目标之一。简要总结了国际上小天体探测历程,对小行星探测的研究和发展趋势进行了综述,重点探讨了未来小行星探测任务面临的主要关键技术,并对中国后续开展小行星探测活动提出了相关建议。     

Motion of ejecta around a binary system with an ellipsoid and a sphere

A kinetic impact occurs when an asteroid is moving. The impact may be caused by other small celestial body or an artificial object. Ejecta is produced from an impact. Dynamics of ejecta near a binary system which contains an ellipsoid and a sphere is analyzed. A phase diagram which comes from numerical simulation is shown in this work. The phase diagram shows a clear structure. Some special trajectories are also shown, which indicates a potential source of asteroid orbiting objects.     

载人小行星探测的总体方案设想

载人探测近地小行星的工程规模和技术难度介于载人探月和载人火星探测之间,是人类开展载人火星探测和飞向更遥远深空的跳板,对于航天技术的发展和科学问题的探索有着极其重要的意义。在调研国外载人小行星探测方案设想的基础上,结合我国航天技术现状和发展趋势,提出了一种载人小行星探测的总体方案设想,并梳理了载人小行星探测的关键技术。研究成果可以作为我国载人小行星探测任务论证和设计的有益参考。     

星间洛仑兹力编队飞行的平衡点及零速度曲面

提出了一种新的利用星间洛仑兹力控制卫星相对运动的方法:使主星产生自旋磁场,副星带电,通过控制副星所受的星间洛仑兹力进行编队。假设主星产生的人造磁场表现为偶极子并且运动在一条开普勒圆形轨道上,副星恒定带电并在主星附近运动,同时假设星间洛仑兹力只影响副星的运动而不影响主星的运动。推导了副星在主星HCW(当地垂直当地地平坐标系)坐标系下的相对运动动力学方程。针对偶极子与HCW坐标轴X轴重合的情况下,推导了动力系统下的平衡点(并采用稳定性分析方法分析其线性化意义下的稳定性)、积分常数和零速度曲面,证明了有界相对运动的存在。最后用数值仿真验证了上述结论。