基于LOLA数据的Aristarchus高原光照特性初步研究

改进了月面中低纬度地区光照分析算法,以Aristarchus高原（AP）为例,使用LRO卫星获得的高分辨率、高精度的LOLA数据和DE/LE430月球行星历表,同时基于月球天平动模型,定量计算和分析了AP地区的光照特性。结果表明：AP地区的光照率都在0.35以上,平坦地区的光照条件较好,受到地形的影响不同位置的光照率相差很大。光照率最大值点（B）要比最小值点（A）高出30%以上。考虑典型的长周期天平动效应,18.6年光照数据的分析结果表明,每个位置的光照率变化较小且趋于稳定,这对月球表面演化研究是一个重要的参考。     

双层结构月球的自由天平动与受迫天平动

根据JPL/NASA发布的月球行星历表DE430/LE430提供的月球物理参数,计算了月球主转动惯量;使用刚体月球转动微分方程获得的月球物理天平动解析关系式,计算了不同分层模型的月球自由天平动三个模式的频率及周期,比较并讨论了不同的解析结果;在此基础上,评估了月球受迫天平动一个模式的幅度。     

月球仍然活跃的构造、火成和内部特征等证据

月球尽管被作为类地行星演化的最终形态的代表,被认为在25亿年前已经完全冷却,根据阿波罗时 代以来、特别是近十余年的月球轨道器和着陆器获得的关于月球构造、火成活动、月震和内部结构等多种证据,表明月球从深层内部到表面仍然活跃,尚未彻底冷却“死亡”。这将完全改变人们关于月球演化历史和状态的观念。     

NASA研究在月球附近建深空前哨站

NASA正加紧评估在月球背面附近建设一个“有人照料航路点”的方案,且可能会考虑国际合作及让商业和学术界参与。该局正组建一个研究小组来制订一项能合理衔接的计划,在称为第二地月天平动点（EML-2）的一个点开展探测。     

月球采样返回飞控任务多目标协同规划设计

基于月球采样返回任务飞行过程复杂、四器多组合模态协同控制复杂、多类约束关联组合复杂、多种关键控制密集难点,提出了月面采样返回飞行控制任务多目标协同规划设计,确保多目标在轨密集指令与各类型测控资源安排协同有序.分析了月球采样返回与以往月面软着陆和近地交会对接任务的继承差异,设计了复杂多目标器间代传上行控制关系描述、多目标...     

月球表面是什么样子?

20世纪,载人航天的成就是人类登上月球、发展航天飞机和建造大型空间站;21世纪,人类太空探索的目标是重返月球和飞向火星。所谓重返月球并不是重复美国阿波罗航天员的登月活动,在月球上停留几个小时或几天,而是将在月球上作长期或永久性停留。要在月球上作长期或永久性停留,就必须建造月球基地。所谓月球基地就是航天员在月面上长期工作和生活的场所,保障航天员在月球恶劣环境中生命安全和身体健康的基本条件。建造月球基地首先要了解月球,特别是月球表面的环境和地形,否则就不可能为月球基地正确选址,也不可能很好完成基地建设和在月球上的…     

日本打算研制月球着陆器

据１９９６年１０月７日～１３日美国《空间新闻》报道，日本的第一个月震探测器——月球－Ａ（Ｌｕｎａｒ－Ａ）将于明年发射。目前，日本科学家正打算继月球－Ａ之后发射一个月球着陆器。月球着陆器暂名Ｓｅｌｅｎｅ－１，它是日本循序渐进开发月球的漫漫长途中迈出的又...     

绕过月球建前哨站

据外媒2月12日透露,美国航宇局正在加紧评估在月球背面的第二地球与月球的拉格朗日平衡点(地月L2点,距月球6万多千米,即距地球44万千米)建立一个有人照料的深空前哨站的价值。这项计划欢迎国际合作以及商业和学术方面的合作。地月L2点可以作为对多个目的地进行探索的出入口,最终可能包括火星。     

新世纪的月亮(下)

二、月球太空港与月球旅游就像地球上的火车站、码头、机场、航天中心一样，开发月球首先必须建设月球太空港。届时，所有到达月球的旅客和货物都将在那里登陆或离去。月球上的各种建设项目都将尽可能地以其为轴心，各种交通要素，包括火箭加注设施、公路、铁路等，也都将由此向外延伸。作为一个重要的运输中心，太空港在为各项事业提供运输服务方面扮演了极其重要的角色。开发月球所需的电力设施、各种建设物资、氧气、水、农作物以及医疗设备等，都将由太空港在规模经济的指导下，按需分发给各处。目前，科学家将月球太空港的地址选在“阿…     

俄罗斯决定独立开发月球

据2006年12月28日报道，由于美国未接受联合开发月球的建议，俄罗斯决定独立开发月球，并将于2010年出台开发月球的具体计划。按照目前的设想，俄罗斯将制定2025年之前的月球开发“三步走”计划，其内容是：首先以“国际空间站”为基础建立轨道基地，发射载人飞船进行绕月飞行，建立月球探测综合设施；然后建立月球轨道站，并以此为基地开发月球飞船的燃料补给地；     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。