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根据地球、月球、探月卫星的三体运动,针对月地激光链路的建立与保持,分析了地球与月球对链路的遮挡问题,对链路模式进行分析。仿真结果表明:使用3颗月球极轨(Moon Polar Orbit,MPO)卫星来进行通信时,链路中断的次数将大大减少,但是在某些时间段上,仍然受到月球的遮挡而迫使通信链路频繁中断。使用4颗MPO卫星来进行通信时,链路将不再受到月球的阻挡,而仅受到地球的遮挡。同理,增加地球同步轨道卫星的数目可避免地球的遮挡。仿真结果表明,采用2颗地球同步轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星建立链路,链路将不会受到地球的遮挡,建立深空科学研究的信息中继中心,采用激光通信技术,实现月地高速激光信息传输,为我国深空探测技术的发展提供支撑。 相似文献
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为了满足日益增长的大数据量、高速数据传输速率的需求,NASA、ESA、JAXA等航天机构正在开启空间激光通信技术的时代。各国纷纷在GEO-LEO、LEO-LEO、LEO-地面,以及地-月等不同轨道验证了激光通信终端的在轨性能。介绍了国外开展的激光通信技术演示验证试验情况,重点介绍了以月球激光通信演示验证试验(LLCD)为代表的深空激光通信技术,以及以半导体星间链路为代表的星间激光通信技术。通过阐述国外激光通信技术的发展现状,分析了激光通信技术的未来发展趋势。期望通过该技术的研究,对我国激光通信技术的发展提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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地月L2点周期轨道的月球背面覆盖分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
地月L2点附近轨道具备独特的动力学和运动学特性,是月球背面探测任务的中继卫星首选布设位置。面向未来月球背面探测任务的中继通信需求,分析并研究了地月L2点周期轨道(halo轨道)对月球背面的覆盖。在圆型限制性三体问题模型下,研究并给出了halo轨道族延拓计算方法,基于延拓法设计了地月系大范围南北halo轨道族;给出了中继卫星的月球背面覆盖计算模型,定义了相应的时间覆盖因子;数值仿真了地月系南北halo轨道族的月球背面覆盖情况。研究结果表明:地月L2点周期轨道幅值和类型决定其对月面的覆盖性,幅值较小的轨道的月面整体覆盖性较好,幅值较大的轨道对月球南北极覆盖较好,南北族轨道分别有利于月球南北半球的覆盖。文章研究可为我国"嫦娥4号"月球背面探测任务的中继星轨道设计提供有益参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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地月L2点位于地月连线的延长线上,在地月L2点运行的卫星可以连续观测月球背面,解决月球背面与地球之间的通讯问题,在月球背面着陆探测任务中起着至关重要的作用。对从地球出发、利用月球引力辅助变轨、形成地月L2点的轨道进行了研究,分析了发射窗口、地月转移时间、近月点高度、近月点倾角、轨道振幅等多项因素对转移轨道和使命轨道特性的影响,寻求满足地月L2点中继任务需求的飞行轨道。通过分析研究,文章明确了转移和使命轨道的相关特性,可为中继星任务轨道的参数设计和优化提供有益参考。 相似文献
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为了实现中国环月飞行器与地面站之间的高速激光通信,建立了环月-地面激光通信链路运动特性模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明:利用地面站与环月飞行终端分别构建月地直接信息传输链路和月地中继信息传输链路时,喀什站的两种链路总可见时间比阿根廷站分别增加了约4.5%和6.5%,因此选取喀什站更有利于月地激光通信链路的构建;对于环月终端,其转动机构方位角范围-180°~+180°,俯仰角范围-19°~+89.7°,其最大提前指向角达18.2μrad;该月地激光链路的SEP(sun-earth-probe)角和SPE(sun-probe-earth)角近似呈周期性变化,每隔约15天出现一次最小值,因此激光终端设计时须考虑抗日光干扰;对于1 550 nm激光载波的多普勒频移量为±1.28 GHz,多普勒频移变化率达1 MHz/s,因此激光通信体制的选择须考虑多普勒频移变化特性。根据链路仿真结果和功率预算给出了环月-地面激光通信链路的设计建议。研究结果可以为环月-地面激光通信链路的设计提供参考。 相似文献
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位于地月L2点周期轨道的中继星将首次为"嫦娥4号"月球背面着陆探测任务提供通信中继服务。中继星转移轨道设计是中继任务实施的关键环节。针对中继星转移轨道存在转移时间、近月点高度和halo轨道振幅等约束条件,系统研究了基于月球近旁的地月L2点转移轨道设计方法。首先基于限制性三体模型,分析了halo轨道族与着陆点可见性关系;然后将月球近旁转移轨道分为地月直接转移段和地月动平衡点附近周期轨道拟流形入轨转移段,采用带有状态约束的微分修正算法对这两段轨道进行拼接,得到了从地球附近至目标轨道族的月球近旁转移轨道;最后,针对南族halo轨道分析了halo轨道振幅和月球飞越高度对转移轨道设计的影响,以及转移轨道的入轨相位分布。仿真结果表明:月球近旁转移轨道设计方案具备工程上的可行性与优越性。该方案可以为实际工程任务和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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针对纳米到皮米量级星间激光测距,在地心非旋转坐标系(GCRS)下,考虑卫星轨道摄动引起的广义相对论效应,建立了星间单向以及双向星间激光相位比对模型.通过仿真研究了地球主引力场范围内轨道摄动引起的广义相对论效应对星间激光相位比对误差的影响,并通过星间激光相位比对误差计算星间激光测距误差.不同轨道高度的卫星仿真结果表明,对... 相似文献
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<正>□□2010年10月1日18:59:57,我国嫦娥-2(CE-2)月球探测卫星在西昌卫星发射中心由长征-3C(CZ-3C)运载火箭直接送入近地点200km、远地点380000km的地月转移轨道。 相似文献
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Saleh Basha Alkhodari Renuganth Varatharajoo 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009,43(12):1897-1903
The combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS) combines the conventional attitude control and thermal control subsystems. Its principle is based on circulating a heat conducting fluid inside a closed duct wielding the excess onboard heat in order to produce the attitude control torques. Previously only the proportional-integral (PI) controller has been tested for CATCS. In this paper two other control options for CATCS were designed based on the H2 and H∞ control methods to improve the attitude control performance of a small satellite. The control gain matrix with the minimum cost function is obtained by solving the Riccati equation and fed back to the system in order to achieve the system’s performance. The designed controllers can efficiently control the roll, pitch and yaw satellite attitudes. Simulations for the two techniques were carried out using Matlab and Simulink for ideal and non-ideal system models. Results show that the H2 controller has a better attitude control performance over the H∞ controller and PI controller itself. 相似文献
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Prabhunath Prasad Shantanu Rastogi R.P. Singh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
This paper reports a study of spatial and temporal variations of columnar averaged concentration of CO2 and CH4 over India using SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) data. Comparison of these data with the global view National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) land data and also location specific flask data is made. The temporal variation in column averaged global CO2 is similar to that over India and it is also similar to the NOAA surface flask data and global view. The variation in NOAA surface CH4 is location dependent and its global view appears to vary seasonally in opposite phase with the column averaged CH4 values from satellites, reflecting the limited comparability of surface and column averaged data. Over India the CO2 maximum is in May and minimum in August/September while for CH4 the maximum is in September and minimum in February/March. The seasonal variation of CH4 over India is correlated with the eastern coastal rice cultivation. 相似文献
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H.L. Gohil R.A. BucklinM.J. Correll 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), but the effects of pCO2 at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO2 on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO2 assimilation rates (CA), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO2 (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO2 enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO2 (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO2). Increasing the pCO2 from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO2 (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO2 although at high levels leaf damage may occur. 相似文献
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采用表面分析技术、失重法和电化学测试技术研究了Q235钢在氧化硫硫杆菌(T.t,Thiobacillus thiooxidans)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)协同作用下的腐蚀行为.扫描电镜结果表明,与单菌体系相比,混菌体系会形成最为致密的生物膜;混菌体系中浸泡的试样表面会出现不同于单菌体系的圆形蚀坑.腐蚀失重结果表明,混菌中试样的腐蚀速率介于2个单菌体系之间.交流阻抗结果表明,混菌体系浸泡2天后试样表面出现2个时间常数,表面膜层电阻经历了先增大后减小的过程. 相似文献
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O.E. Abe A.B. Rabiu J.O. Adeniyi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
This research examined the variability of foE in the equatorial ionosphere with solar activity within the equatorial ionospheric anomaly region. Ionosonde data recorded at Ouagadougou (lat. 12.4°N, long. 1.5°W and magnetic dip 1.43°N) were engaged to study the transient variations of the critical frequency of the E-layer (foE) and its dependence on solar activity. The study revealed that foE increases with the increase in solar intensity of the sun. The variability of the foE decreases with increases in the solar activity. The maximum value of the foE is at local noon when the ionosphere is stable; the variability at this local time is minimal. The minimum value of the foE is at sunrise and sunset, at this period on local time the equatorial ionosphere recorded its maxima variability. Irrespective of the degree of solar activity, foE is observed to be maximum in June solstice, followed by the equinoxes and minimum in December solstice. Equinoctial asymmetry occurred in the variation of the relative standard deviation of foE with maximum in September/March equinox for low/high solar activity. 相似文献
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Shuangsheng Guo Weidang Ai Yongkang Tang Quanyong Cheng Yunze Shen Lifeng Qin Jialu Ma Jingtao Zhu Jin Ren 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The ability to generate O2 and absorb CO2 of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O2 and CO2 concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O2 and CO2 concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O2 generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO2 breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m−2 s−1 PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O2-generating and CO2-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew. 相似文献
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A. Maier S. Krauss W. Hausleitner O. Baur 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
In the framework of satellite-only gravity field modeling, satellite laser ranging (SLR) data is typically exploited to recover long-wavelength features. This contribution provides a detailed discussion of the SLR component of GOCO02S, the latest release of combined models within the GOCO series. Over a period of five years (January 2006 to December 2010), observations to LAGEOS-1, LAGEOS-2, Ajisai, Stella, and Starlette were analyzed. We conducted a series of closed-loop simulations and found that estimating monthly sets of spherical harmonic coefficients beyond degree five leads to exceedingly ill-posed normal equation systems. Therefore, we adopted degree five as the spectral resolution for real data analysis. We compared our monthly coefficient estimates of degree two with SLR and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) time series provided by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at Austin, Texas. Significant deviations in C20 were noted between SLR and GRACE; the agreement is better for the non-zonal coefficients. Fitting sinusoids together with a linear trend to our C20 time series yielded a rate of (−1.75 ± 0.6) × 10−11/yr; this drift is equivalent to a geoid change from pole to equator of 0.35 ± 0.12 mm/yr or an apparent Greenland mass loss of 178.5 ± 61.2 km3/yr. The mean of all monthly solutions, averaged over the five-year period, served as input for the satellite-only model GOCO02S. The contribution of SLR to the combined gravity field model is highest for C20, and hence is essential for the determination of the Earth’s oblateness. 相似文献
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G. Murtaza S. IqbalM.A. Ameen A. Iqbal 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
We have used the technique of expansion in Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) to develop regional models of the critical frequencies of E and F2 layers (foE, foF2), peak height (hmF2), and semi-thickness of F2 layer (YmF2) over Pakistan. In the present study levels of solar activity specified by Smoothed Sunspot Number (R) from 10 to 200 are taken into account. The magnetic dip angle for the model ranges from 30° to 60°. We have compared the regional model and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) with measurements of three ionosondes in Pakistan. The model parameters foE and foF2 are found overall comparable to the observed hourly median values during daytime at Karachi (geographic latitude = 24.95°N, longitude = 67.13°E, magnetic inclination = 37°), Multan (30.18°N, 71.48°E, 45°) and Islamabad (33.75°N, 73.13°E, 51.5°) during the years 1988, 1996 and 2000. For hmF2 the computed values by regional and IRI model for the year 1995 are found close to each other. However, for YmF2the results are better during daytime as compared to nighttime. 相似文献
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Najat M.R. Al-Ubaidi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
The purpose of this research work is to validate the ionospheric models (IRI and CHIU) to assess its suitability and usefulness as an operational tool. The ionospheric model is a computer model designed to predict the state of the global ionosphere for 24 h. The scope was limited to conduct comparisons between the predicted F2 layer critical frequencies (f0F2) against observed ionosonde data. The ionospheric prediction model (IPM) was designed to predict by using monthly median sunspot number, while the observation data are taken from two digital ionospheric sounding stations (Okinawa, 26.28N, 127.8E and Wakkanai, 45.38N, 141.66E) which lies within the mid-latitude region of the globe. Analysis of the f0F2 data from stations for year (2001) with high solar activity and year (2004) with low solar activity, four months (March, June, September and December) chosen based primarily on data availability. From results it seen that the ratio between monthly median predicted and observed f0F2 values for each model used in this research work and for the chosen months was nonlinear with local time, so the empirical formula for applying correction factors were determined, these formula can be used to correct the error occurred in predicted f0F2 value. 相似文献
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Claudio Brunini J. Federico Conte Francisco Azpilicueta Dieter Bilitza 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The height, hmF2, and the electron density, NmF2, of the F2 peak are key model parameters to characterize the actual state of the ionosphere. These parameters, or alternatively the propagation factor, M3000F2, and the critical frequency, foF2, of the F2 peak, which are related to hmF2 and NmF2, are used to anchor the electron density vertical profile computed with different models such as the International Reference Ionosphere ( Bilitza, 2002), as well as for radio propagation forecast purposes. Long time series of these parameters only exist in an inhomogeneous distribution of points over the surface of Earth, where dedicated instruments (typically ionosondes) have been working for many years. A commonly used procedure for representing median values of the aforementioned parameters all over the globe is the one recommended by the ITU-R ( ITU-R, 1997). This procedure, known as the Jones and Gallet mapping technique, was based on ionosondes measurements gathered from 1954 to 1958 by a global network of around 150 ionospheric stations ( and ). Even though several decades have passed since the development of that innovative work, only few efforts have been dedicated to establish a new mapping technique for computing hmF2 and NmF2 median values at global scale or to improve the old method using the increased observational database. Therefore, in this work three different procedures to describe the daily and global behavior of the height of the F2 peak are presented. All of them represent a different and simplified method to estimate hmF2 and are based on different mathematical expressions. The advantages and disadvantages of these three techniques are analyzed, leading to the conclusion that the recommended procedure to represent hmF2 is best characterized by a Spherical Harmonics expansion of degree and order equal to 15, since the differences between the hmF2 values obtained with the Jones and Gallet technique and those obtained using the abovementioned procedure are of only 1%. 相似文献