形面精度可调节的单层索网空间抛物面天线

大口径高形面精度的空间可展开天线是未来航天器天线的重要发展方向之一。提出了一种新型形面可调节的单层索网空间可展开天线。通过对单层索网进行静力平衡分析,给出了单层索网天线的内力计算方法,并基于能量法,建立了单层索网天线的形状预测理论模型,实现了单层索网天线的三步法找形方法。基于理论分析结果,建立了50m口径的单层索网天线的有限元模型,通过有限元模型对建立的单层索网理论设计分析方法进行了验证,并验证了单层索网天线的形面精度及在轨调整的可行性。理论分析和有限元分析结果表明,单层索网天线拓扑构型简单,可通过改变天线中心轴的长度,实现天线形面的在轨调节。在100℃的均匀温差下,通过在轨形面调节,50m口径单层索网天线的形面误差可降低至5mm以下。     

复杂动力学模型下星载天线跟瞄控制技术研究

针对星载天线动力学复杂这一问题,从天线系统刚柔耦合动力学建模、指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制等方面研究了柔性星载运动部件的指向控制方法。首先,通过描述系统几何拓扑关系建立系统运动学方程,从而简化动力学建模过程;之后,利用假设模态法,对天线反射面挠性进行建模;最后,将拉格朗日方程与挠性关节模型相结合,从而建立了星载天线非线性刚柔耦合动力学模型。在以上复杂动力学建模的基础上,采用分层设计的思路进行了控制策略设计：先运用基于计算力矩法的滑模控制器得到不考虑挠性关节的耦合控制律,从而保证卫星基体的稳定性以及天线挠性反射面的振动抑制;再使用反步法对挠性关节进行控制,实现对天线反射面的指向精度控制。最后,讨论了动力学参数不确定性对系统跟踪指向控制的影响并采用数学仿真的方式验证了相关动力学模型与控制算法。仿真结果表明该方法能较好地实现对星载天线的指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制,提高星载天线的动态指向精度。     

构架式可展开抛物柱面网状天线结构设计

针对具有大尺度抛物柱状反射面需求的空间可展开天线,提出一种基于四棱柱折展模块的构架式可展开抛物柱面网状天线,依靠模块驱动组件实现天线联动展开。把抛物面天线工作表面的拟合方法拓展到抛物柱面天线,采用工作面拟合圆均等网格划分径向投影获取天线支撑桁架设计的关键节点。柔性网状反射面采用双层索网结构形式,提出与前索具有较好对称性的背索网悬链线设计,前、后索网节点由支撑立柱间拟合圆弧均等分径向分别投影到抛物线段和悬链线圆弧上获取,根据前后索网节点建立索网拓扑构型,基于非线性有限元法对索网预张力进行设计迭代,获得抛物线维索网预张力与其均值的最大误差率为12.3%及柱面维索网预张力与其均值的最大误差率为7.6%的优化结果。研制了机械口径12 m×12 m样机,多次展开获得2 mm RMS以内的形面精度,验证了构架式可展开抛物柱面网状天线较优的展开性能和形面精度保持性能。     

挠性多体卫星星间跟踪天线回扫运动研究

针对耦合影响较严重的天线回扫过程展开研究.首先,将柔性支撑杆等效简化为悬臂梁结构,并基于拉格朗日方程建立多体耦合动力学模型.然后从耦合动力学模型出发,分析天线回扫运动对星体姿态稳定和柔性振动的影响,并根据分析结果引入命令预处理算法,规划天线回扫指令.最后对天线回扫运动进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明命令预处理算法能够有效地减小回扫运动对星体姿态稳定和柔性振动的影响.     

环形桁架式天线展开不同步现象分析

从国外相关文献所反映的地面试验结果看,环形桁架式天线周边的桁架结构由于阻尼等因素在展开过程中存在明显的不同步现象。文章利用绝对节点坐标法建立了天线展开过程的多柔体展开动力学模型,获得了连续展开过程中桁架各部分承受的载荷和变形情况,并重点对展开过程中的不同步现象的产生原因及其影响进行了分析。结果表明,环形桁架式天线展开的不同步现象是由展开过程中桁架的变形与摩擦引起的,这种现象的出现导致桁架结构承受更高的载荷。该研究为环形桁架式天线的设计和验证提供了参考。     

考虑在轨热效应的网状天线索网优化设计

网状天线服役于高低温、强辐射的复杂太空环境,其热变形是影响天线在轨性能的重要因素。目前的设计方法均为常温下的索段预应力配置,难以计及服役环境对天线在轨性能的影响。通过在索网模型中引入温度载荷,建立了以常温下索段参数为变量,以服役环境下的索网形面精度和张力分布为目标及约束条件的索网优化模型,从而在设计之初充分考虑服役热环境下的天线性能,改善天线在轨精度和张力分布。分析了天线运行轨道热环境,计算了天线在不同轨道位置的温度场;基于非线性有限元理论,建立了网状天线热结构模型,形成了考虑温度效应的索网找形及优化设计方法;开展了面向天线服役性能的索网优化设计。优化结果表明,该方法有效提高了天线在轨运行时的性能,可为考虑服役环境的网状天线优化设计提供方法和思路。     

考虑摩擦的周边桁架式可展天线展开动力学分析

结合一种周边桁架式可展天线的模型制作,介绍了该类天线的总体布局、展开收纳机理和设计要点;然后提出了切实有效的数学算法,有效地构造了约束方程及其Jacobi矩阵,实时地模拟了结构收纳过程的约束条件,采用广义逆矩阵的方法分析了周边可展桁架运动过程;研究了摩擦这一非线性因素在其展开过程中的作用机理,建立其展开动力学模型,实现了考虑摩擦的周边桁架式可展天线结构展开动力学分析.编制了仿真程序进行算例分析,验证了分析方法的有效性.      

一类刚柔耦合非线性系统的动力学建模

用拉格朗日方程推导了带有大型天线的地球同步轨道卫星这一特定的刚柔耦合多体系统的动力学方程。因为考虑了星本体相对轨道坐标系的三维空间姿态运动、天线支撑臂的弹性运动以及天线对低轨道用户的跟踪指向运动 ,所得的动力学方程能更为全面地反映此类卫星的刚体运动与弹性体运动之间的耦合及其真实的动力学行为。根据此方程可以推出不同情况的简化方程。当需要对原系统进行振动分析时 ,可选用相应的简化结果 ,而不必重新进行繁琐的推导。该文所介绍的方法同样适用于一般刚柔耦合系统的动力学分析     

非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法

提出一种考虑桁架柔性变形对索网平衡态影响的非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法。该方法将天线整体结构分为内部索网与外部桁架两部分,通过内部索网预张力与外部桁架变形间的不断迭代,寻找满足索网形状及张力要求的天线平衡态,以实现网状天线索网预张力优化配置的目的。相比于常规基于刚性桁架假设的预张力设计,该方法可充分计及环形桁架与柔性索网协调变形,获得高精度反射面,且该方法适用于非对称偏馈天线,可有效避免后期张力调试,节约人力物力。算例分析验证了在进行预张力设计时计及桁架柔性的必要性及方法的正确性和有效性。     

卫星桁架结构跨尺度热—力耦合优化设计与分析

卫星飞行过程中,高精度测量设备的复合材料支撑结构经历多种温度环境,影响结构的热稳定性。为对其热学性能进行研究,综合考虑热—力耦合优化设计,首先,发展了复合材料热膨胀系数跨尺度数值模型。在微观模型中,通过建立代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)模型,由纤维热膨胀系数计算得到单向复合材料热膨胀系数;建立复合材料构件宏观模型,采用微观模型计算得到的热膨胀系数对宏观模型进行分析与计算。为验证复合材料热膨胀系数跨尺度数值模型的正确性,对复合材料管件的热膨胀性能进行了试验测试,测试结果与数值计算结果具有很好的一致性。其次,对卫星桁架杆件进行热稳定性优化设计与分析,综合考虑管件的热膨胀系数与刚度的约束条件,采用具有二阶收敛特性的共轭梯度法对复合材料构件的铺层进行优化设计,发展了复合材料桁架结构热—力耦合优化设计流程。最后,针对某卫星天线桁架支撑结构进行了定热膨胀系数设计与分析,结果表明采用跨尺度热—力耦合优化设计方法得到的热变形量远小于天线支撑结构给定的指标。该方法可用于卫星复合材料桁架结构热稳定性设计与分析。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。