基于自由胀形的弯曲管材变形行为

随着制造业轻量化的发展趋势,复杂弯曲异形充液成形管件的应用日益广泛。为了更好地研究弯曲异形复杂管件在充液成形过程中的变形规律,进行可靠的工艺设计。本文通过结合薄膜理论和塑性变形理论对弯曲管件在自由胀形状态下的应力应变进行了理论解析,并通过有限元(FE)分析对理论计算模型进行了验证。FE分析结果与理论模型基本吻合。同时分析了管材在绕弯过程的硬化行为,并探索了在不同的弯曲硬化状态下弯曲管材在自由胀形过程下的破裂位置的规律,并且用实验进行了验证,实验结果与FE分析结果吻合。     

高强度铝合金7804-T6板材温拉伸本构方程

通过在293~573K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.0006~0.06s^-1下对高强度铝合金7B04-T6薄板进行温拉伸试验,研究了高强度铝合金温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,可以得出结论:合金的流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;延伸率随变形温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,并基于Fields and Backofen方程建立了该型铝合金在温拉伸时应力-应变模型.     

大型网状天线展开过程温度及展开时机分析

大型网状天线在轨展开过程复杂,风险大。反射器在展开过程中的温度影响展开动力与碳纤维管件抗弯能力,是反射器展开安全的关键因素。通过测试得到反射器展开动力的传动效率、桁架管件抗弯能力随温度变化规律,即-65℃时管件抗弯能力最好,而传动效率随温度升高而提高。通过建立大型网状天线有限元模型与节点矩阵转换算法,模拟展开臂与反射器的展开过程,对管件与T型铰链在轨温度变化规律进行分析,确定最佳展开时机,降低展开过程中展开动力不足、管件强度过载等风险。分析结果表明：布置在地球静止轨道卫星东舱板的大型网状天线展开时机为6:00~9:00时,管件抗弯能力最强;展开时机为4:00时,T型铰链展开动力传动效率最高。     

同位素热源高温-冲击复合环境试验

为了考察深空探测器同位素热源模拟样品在高温–冲击复合环境下的环境可靠性,研制了一套高温–冲击复合环境试验装置。该装置由温度加载系统、冲击试验系统、带有热防护功能的夹具和控制系统等组成。该装置可完成室温约500℃热载荷加载。利用该试验装置对同位素热源模拟样品进行了500℃、5 000次的高温–冲击复合环境试验考核,获得了产品温升响应曲线、冲击波形图等相关试验信息。试验结果表明该试验装置能够进行高温–冲击复合环境试验。     

直齿锥齿轮齿根应力的有限元分析

根据展成法加工的直齿圆锥齿轮的齿面和齿根过渡曲面方程，建立了轮齿弯曲强度计算的精确的有限元模型，用柔度矩阵法确定接触线上的载荷分布，进行计算齿根应力，根据上述方法，编制了相应的微机程序，本程序可一次求解多个啮合位置的载荷分布、轮齿变形和齿根应力，并可计算双齿对工作时各对齿上的载荷、变形和应力，便于对直齿锥齿轮弯曲强度进行全面分析，算例表明，本文结果与其它文献结果吻合良好。     

分体对开式高低温发生装置研究

介绍了一种分体对开式高低温发生装置,并详细叙述了其结构组成,测试结果表明高低温发生装置温度范围为-80℃~400℃,温度偏差为±2℃,温度均匀度为2℃,该装置可作为专用实验设备用于力传感器高低温环境下的校准。     

分体对开式高低温发生装置研究

介绍了一种分体对开式高低温发生装置，并详细叙述了其结构组成，测试结果表明高低温发生装置温度范围为-80℃~400℃，温度偏差为±2℃，温度均匀度为2℃，该装置可作为专用实验设备用于力传感器高低温环境下的校准。     

蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构弯曲性能研究

从试验及有限元2个方面对复合材料蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究。通过3点弯曲试验对无损及修理件弯曲性能进行测试,试验结果表明,蜂窝夹芯结构破坏模式为典型的蜂窝剪切破坏,修理件相比于无损件弯曲强度恢复率为110%,修理后结构弯曲刚度也略高于无损件;基于试验结果建立三维有限元模型对蜂窝夹芯修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究,通过用户自定义子程序VUSDFLD编写Hashin失效准则、基于应力的Besant失效准则,实现复合材料面板及蜂窝芯子2种材料的损伤起始及演化。数值模型得到的破坏模式、破坏载荷及弯曲刚度均与试验结果吻合得较好;改变有限元模型参数,研究损伤直径及补片厚度对修理后弯曲性能影响,结果表明,随着损伤直径从30~70 mm逐渐增加,修理件强度先增加后减小,并在损伤直径为50 mm时取得最大值,此外,补片厚度为1~2.5 mm时弯曲强度恢复率高于100%;本文为复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的修理设计提供了可靠的数值模拟方法。      

紧缩场反射面板热变形的适应性调整

随着季节的变化,紧缩场反射面板的温度在15~25℃之间变化.热变形量往往超出允许的误差.利用Marc有限元软件,分析了紧缩场在温度、重力和反向力等作用下的变形.针对变形最严重的工况下的变形,用最小二乘法对变形后的数据进行二次多项式曲线拟合,得出与变形后的反射面相一致的新的母线方程和焦距.仿真结果表明调整馈源位置,能够适合于面板焦距的变化.     

用双边切缝试样的高温蠕变裂纹扩展分析

对双边切缝试样切缝根部萌生裂纹进行了有效SIF分析,并用于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材的高温蠕变裂纹扩展试验,在所试验的温度T(570～650℃)和应力σ(15.3～16.9kg/mm~2)范围内,试验数据表明:稳态蠕变裂纹扩展是一个热激活过程,相应的综合参量S=S(T,σ,K_(1eff))有效地控制了稳态蠕变裂纹扩展率da/dt。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。