加快铍材应用步伐

铍材具有独特的尺寸稳定性，充分利用它，将对惯性器件的发展起到促进作用。只要采取合理的防护措施，扩大铍村的应用范围是完全可能的。     

惯性仪器结构的理想材料—铍

本文结合惯性仪器结构选材的要求,介绍了铍材的特性、制备及机械加工和应用防护技术的情况。从国内外铍材在惯性仪器上的应用范围和效果,说明铍材在航天、航空等尖端工业上所占的重要地位,并简要介绍了我国铍事业的发展及前景。     

铍在惯性器件中的应用

铍材作为惯性器件的结构材料,是目前比较理想的一种材料,与惯导系统中常用的结构材料铝合金、镁合金和钛合金相比,具有比重小、比弹性模量高、比刚度大、热膨胀系数小等     

铍惯性器件的制作工艺

简述了铍作为惯性器件的理想结构材料的特点，经多年实践，就铍件的机械加工、热处理、表面处理方面的工艺特点加以简要介绍。     

铍陀螺框架典型工艺

一、概述 铍是一种有色稀有轻金属,它具有比铝合金、镁合金、钛合金比重小,热膨胀适应性好等特点,是制作惯性器件理想的材料。国外自60年代起开始应用,目前已广泛采用。为了提高陀螺仪表精度的稳定性能,1980年起我所开始利用铍材料制作陀螺浮子组件中的部份零件。     

铍材应用及其切削工艺

铍材因其特殊的物理力学性能,在军工、航空航天等领域具有不可替代的作用,并且铍材的加工技术成熟度低,有其特殊性。本文介绍了铍材的性能和主要应用领域,如何实现安全高效的铍材加工方法和工艺关键,以及如何去除加工表面应力及损伤层的工艺方法。     

铍陀螺零件的阳极氧化工艺

铍的许多优良而独特的性能,使得它得到越来越广泛的应用,特别是在飞速发展的尖端科学技术领域中,铍占有相当重要的地位。为提高陀螺的稳定性,采用了铍材,并对陀螺零组件进行绝缘阳极氧化,包括氧化前处理,后处理进行了试验和加工,结果证明,采用阳极氧化后处理的铍零组件,不但提高了耐腐性,而且绝缘强度也完全满足设计要求。     

铍合金在俄罗斯航天器中的应用

铍金属位于元素周期表中锂与硼之间,根据对角线原则,它的化学性质与铝相似,属活性元素,一般不呈单质存在。铍在地球上的丰度不大,由于其稀少,很少作一般常用;但因其特殊的物理和化学性质,特别是铍合金在原子能工业和航天领域,尤其在航天器中有着广泛的用途。在原子能工业中,由于铍金属结构的致密性,广泛用作中子减速剂。在航天器中。由于铍合金的密度轻(比铝、镁、钛、铜等都轻),热容量大,比强度高等特性,广泛用作结构件、支架等部件。     

浅谈惯性器件测试设备规范化设计

阐述了在航天惯性器件领域中测试设备实现规范化设计的重要性和必要性,分析了当前我国惯性器件测试设备设计的现状,并在此基础上,提出了制定惯性器件测试设备方面的有关设计标准和规范的建议,以促进惯性器件测试设备的规范化设计。     

全国惯性器件学术交流、信息、产品展览会

为了发展我国惯性技术,促进惯性技术在国民经济建设各个领域的应用,中国宇航学会飞行器惯性器件专业委员会,于一九八六年十月二十二日至十月二十六日,在江苏省南通县召开了全国惯性器件学术交流、信息、产品展览会及第二届飞行器惯性器件专业委员会全会。参加会议的有航天部、航空部、交通部、中国船舶工业总公司、中国科学院、中国船舶科学院、空军等单位的有关工厂和研究所,还有北京航空学院、南京航空学院、国防科技大学、     

GEOS and its US and European components: Challenges and impact

The Centre Français sur les Etats Unis (CFE) held a day-long workshop on GEOSS, GMES and IEOS on 17 January 2006. Sponsored by Arianespace, the invitation-only roundtable drew some 50 participants from European and US administration, industry and academia. The programme and the presentations are on the CFE web site: www.cfe-ifri.net. This report summarizes the proceedings.     

偶氮呋咱和氧化偶氮呋咱的合成及表征

介绍了高能材料二氨基偶氮呋咱(DAAF)、二氨基氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF)及二硝基氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的合成。其中,采用新型氧化剂制备DAAF,得率提高至65.60%。通过DSC-TG、元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS等方法,对其结构进行了鉴定,并进行了常规的感度测试。感度数据表明,无氢炸药DNOAF的摩擦感度较大,与C-12相当,而DAAF和DAOAF为低感度炸药。     

汽车检测与维护专业建设的回顾与总结

汽车检测与维护专业是我校重点建设的广西区区级示范专业,经过五年的建设已经形成了一定的规模。文章主要从实验实训中心建设、课程建设、教材建设、师资队伍建设、教学改革等方面对该专业的建设历程进行了回顾和总结。     

教育教学活动中的师生人际冲突及其解决方法

受传统观念的影响,人们一般只看到师生人际冲突的负面影响,而很少注意其正面作用;实际上,师生人际冲突是教育教学的互动形式之一,它的存在是必然的,也是合理的,它既有消极有害的一面,也有积极有益的一面。文章试在分析师生人际冲突原因的基础上,针对其影响的二重性,从学校、教师、学生三个方面,提出了正确对待师生人际冲突的建设性对策。     

Atlas II and IIA analyses and environments validation

General Dynamics has now flown all four versions of the Atlas commercial launch vehicle, which cover a payload weight capability to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) in the range of 5000–8000 lb. The key analyses to set design and environmental test parameters for the vehicle modifications and the ground and flight test data that validated them were prepared in paper IAF-91-170 for the first version, Atlas I.

This paper presents similar data for the next two versions, Atlas II and IIA. The Atlas II has propellant tanks lengthened by 12 ft and is boosted by MA-5A rocket engines uprated to 474,000 lb liftoff thrust. GTO payload capability is 6225 lb with the 11-ft fairing. The Atlas IIA is an Atlas II with uprated RL10A-4 engines on the lengthened Centaur II upper stage. The two 20,800 lb thrust, 449 s specific impulse engines with an optional extendible nozzle increase payload capability to GTO to 6635 lb. The paper describes design parameters and validated test results for many other improvements that have generally provided greater capability at less cost, weight and complexity and better reliability. Those described include: moving the MA-5A start system to the ground, replacing the vernier engines with a simple 50 lb thrust on-off hydrazine roll control system, addition of a POGO suppressor, replacement of Centaur jettisonable insulation panels with fixed foam, a new inertial navigation unit (INU) that combines in one package a ring-laser gyro based strapdown guidance system with two MIL-STD-1750A processors, redundant MIL-STD-1553 data bus interfaces, robust Ada-based software and a new Al-Li payload adapter. Payload environment is shown to be essentially unchanged from previous Atlas vehicles. Validation of load, stability, control and pressurization requirements for the larger vehicle is discussed.

All flights to date (five Atlas II, one Atlas IIA) have been successful in launching satellites for EUTELSAT, the U.S. Air Force and INTELSAT. Significant design parameters validated by these flights are presented. Particularly noteworthy has been the performance of the INU, which has provided average GTO insertion errors of only 10 miles apogee, 0.2 miles perigee and 0.004 degrees inclination. It is concluded that Atlas II/IIA have successfully demonstrated probably the largest number of current state-of-the-art components of any expendable launch vehicle flying today.     

SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

凝胶推进剂及其模拟剂的制备和特性表征

高能凝胶推进剂的选择、制备、实验及特性表征是凝胶推进剂研究的关键环节.燃料凝胶化包括有机和无机两种胶凝剂.氧化剂的凝胶化使用了无机胶凝剂.此外选择和配制了凝胶推进剂的模拟剂,它具有与实际燃料和氧化剂相匹配的流变特性.制备了在流变学上相匹配的凝胶燃料和凝胶氧化剂、惰性凝胶模拟剂与凝胶推进剂,并对其流变学特性进行了分类.     

Launch and early operations of Herschel and Planck

On 14 May 2009 the European Space Agency launched 2 space observatories: Herschel (with a 3.5 m mirror it is the largest space telescope ever) will collect long-wavelength infrared radiation and will be the only space observatory to cover the spectral range from far-infrared to sub-millimetre wavelengths, and Planck will look back at the dawn of time, close to the Big Bang, and will examine the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation to a sensitivity, angular resolution and frequency range never achieved before. This paper will present the Flight Dynamics, mission analysis challenges and flight results from the first 3 months of these missions.Both satellites were launched on the same Ariane 5 and travelled to the L2 Lagrange point of the sun–earth system 1.5 million km from the earth in the opposite direction of the sun. There they were injected to a quasi-halo orbit (Herschel) with the dimension of typically 750,000 km×450,000 km, and a Lissajous orbit (Planck) of 300,000 km×300,000 km.In order to reach these Lissajous orbits it is mandatory to perform large trajectory correction manoeuvres during the first days of the mission. Herschel had its main manoeuvres on the first day. Planck had to be navigated on the first day and by a mid-course correction manoeuvre, the L2 orbit insertion manoeuvre was planned on day 50. If these slots were missed, fuel penalties would rapidly increase.This posed a heavy load on the operations teams because both spacecrafts have to be thoroughly checked out and put into the correct modes of their attitude control systems during the first hours after launch.The sequence of events will be presented and explained and the orbit determination results as well as the manoeuvre planning will be emphasised.     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。