基于自抗扰理论的小型四旋翼飞行器姿态控制

针对四旋翼飞行器的强耦合性、非线性、易受外界干扰等控制难点,研究利用自抗扰控制器对四旋翼飞行器进行姿态控制的技术问题。通过牛顿-欧拉方程建立四旋翼飞行器动力学模型,将不确定性、耦合及参数摄动等干扰作为"总和干扰",利用扩张状态观测器进行估计并动态反馈补偿,再利用非线性反馈抑制补偿残差,进行四旋翼飞行器姿态控制仿真实验。结果表明:在存在模型参数摄动和外界扰动的情况下,扩张状态观测器很好地实时估计和补偿了四旋翼飞行器的总和干扰,基于自抗扰的四旋翼飞行器姿态控制系统具有较好的动态品质、稳态精度以及较强的鲁棒性。     

基于自抗扰的无人机俯仰姿态控制

针对无人机俯仰姿态控制回路在模型参数和复杂外界环境等不确定性干扰影响下鲁棒性差、系统响应速度慢的问题,采用工程上易实现的自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法设计了俯仰姿态控制器,通过构造线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)估计不确定性干扰,并在控制回路中对干扰进行实时补偿.性能分析与仿真结果表明,基于ADRC的无人机俯仰姿态控制器具有良好的性能和干扰抑制能力,并且能够实现对控制指令的精确跟踪.     

基于反作用发动机推力的空天飞行器再入姿态飞行控制

研究了空天飞行器(ASV)再入跨大气层飞行时的姿态控制问题。在ASV跨大气层再入飞行时,通过反作用控制系统(RCS)中的反作用发动机推力产生控制力矩来控制ASV的姿态,以补偿气动舵面操纵失效或者部分失效而引起的控制力矩不足;随着空气密度的增加,气动舵面逐步介入控制系统,RCS随之逐步退出.由于快回路控制器产生进行姿态控制所需要的控制力矩,其通过相应的控制分配将控制力矩映射到作动器,为了减轻作动器的抖振,提出了利用基于区域模型的T-S模糊多模型控制方法设计快回路控制器,在跟踪期望角速度的同时,柔化控制信号.最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.      

再入飞行器自适应滑模姿态控制系统设计

针对再入飞行器姿态非匹配控制问题,提出了一种新的具有鲁棒性的自适应滑模姿态控制设计方法。首先,基于时标分离原则,将再入飞行器姿态动力学模型分为角度跟踪的慢时变控制子回路和角速度快时变控制子回路。其次,针对两个快、慢控制子回路,将其控制系统模型作为非匹配控制系统,分别设计了自适应滑模控制律,并严格证明了所设计控制系统的稳定性。最后,基于再入飞行器非线性姿态控制系统的数学仿真,在气动数据拉偏情况下,验证了姿态控制方法具有良好的鲁棒性和动态性能。     

倾转双旋翼无人机风场扰动下的建模和控制器设计

针对可倾转双旋翼无人机容易受外界风场扰动和模型不确定性影响的问题,设计了基于自抗扰控制技术的飞行姿态和PID轨迹组合控制。通过分析阵风对无人机姿态的影响,利用牛顿-欧拉法推导出有风条件下的双旋翼动力学方程;然后,通过Dryden大气紊流模型建立了无人机所处的风场环境;最后,用自抗扰控制器对无人机的动力学模型作干扰补偿,并采用粒子群算法进行参数整定,解决自抗扰技术参数繁多、人工调节复杂的问题。仿真结果表明,所设计的自抗扰姿态控制和PID轨迹组合控制器能有效抑制紊流风扰动,实现稳定飞行。     

运载火箭电动伺服机构前馈自抗扰控制方法的设计

运载火箭伺服机构是火箭的执行机构,在工作过程中不仅要求伺服机构具有较好的阶跃响应和力矩抗扰性能,还要求伺服机构能够较好地跟踪箭载计算机发送的位置随动指令。常规的自抗扰控制(ADRC)建模时,将输入的微分量近似为0,使得输入时变信号时会产生建模误差,该误差无法通过扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行观测并补偿,导致系统的跟踪误差较大。针对常规自抗扰控制对时变信号跟踪误差较大的问题,提出了一种将位置输入微分前馈(PIDF)引入自抗扰控制的前馈自抗扰控制方法。通过理论推导和建模仿真得知,该方法可降低系统对正弦输入信号的跟踪误差并提高系统的动态特性,同时仍具有较强的抗干扰性能。最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

风扰下的四旋翼无人机LADRC控制律设计

针对四旋翼无人机易受侧风干扰、影响控制效果的问题,提出了一种基于线性自抗扰的控制方法。首先分析了四旋翼无人机姿态模型,建立了四种风组合的模拟侧风模型;其次建立了二阶LADRC闭环控制回路,设计反馈控制律实现姿态控制,并分析证明了闭环系统有界稳定。仿真验证结果表明,侧风干扰下,LADRC控制器能对总扰动进行很好的估计和补偿,从而保证了系统的抗干扰性。     

采用 DGCMG 的空间站扰动辨识动量管理

研究长期在轨空间站的动量管理问题。针对动量管理过程中力矩平衡姿态的求解与稳定性进行分析,应用李亚普诺夫方法,给出一种考虑常值姿态干扰的动量管理控制方法,使用双框架控制力矩陀螺作为姿态控制执行机构,进行动量管理控制仿真。仿真结果表明该方法控制准确、收敛快速,可以作为空间站姿态控制的工程参考。     

基于自抗扰控制的机翼受损飞机姿态控制器设计

飞机结构受损会导致飞机质量、重心和气动特性发生突变、对称性破坏以及较强的运动耦合,严重影响飞行安全.以机翼受损飞机为研究对象,采用质量微元法建立重心偏移飞机的动力学模型,分析其动态特性,并设计了基于自抗扰控制的姿态控制器.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器表现出良好的控制性能,针对突然受损情况设计的控制器具有较强的鲁棒性,能实时补偿结构受损引起的干扰力矩,快速准确地跟踪控制指令.     

喷流控制飞行器气动参数辨识方法研究

研究了喷流控制飞行器的气动建模与参数估计方法,以某飞船返回舱飞行试验为例,通过辨识得到了返回舱再入过程中的气动导数、喷流力矩放大系数等重要气动参数。该方法是研究喷流干扰效应的一种有效途径,辨识结果有助于提高返回舱姿态控制的准确度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.