欧洲航天局管理模式和政策分析

欧洲航天局（ESA）是泛欧洲的民用航天管理机构,由21个成员国（其中包括德国、法国、意大利、英国、西班牙、比利时、瑞士、瑞典、挪威、荷兰、奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、卢森堡、捷克、希腊、罗马尼亚、波兰在内的20个欧洲国家和作为准成员国的加拿大）组成的政府间组织。     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

一、征稿范围无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。二、撰稿要求     

国外航天发射场测控丰站及其设施

航天发射场是为保障航天运载火箭的装配、发射前准备、发射、弹道测量、发送指令以及接收和处理遥测信息而专门建造的一整套地面设备、设施和建筑。在这里重点介绍美国、苏联／俄罗斯、欧洲、日本、印度以及巴西的航天发射场的测控站部署及设施情况。     

2014年全球航天十大新闻 中国航天十大新闻评选揭晓

<正>2015年1月7日,由《国际太空》、《卫星应用》杂志发起组织的2014年全球航天十大新闻和中国航天十大新闻评选揭晓。本次评选得到了戚发轫、叶培建、范本尧、龙乐豪等院士及数十位航天专家的大力支持与参与。来自新华社、科技日报、中国科学报、环球时报、京华时报、北京晨报、北京晚报、北京日报、中国网、人民网、环球网、新浪网、腾讯网、太空探索、北斗网、航天期刊网等媒体从事科技报道的资深记者参加了发布会,同时,发布会还得到中国空间科学学会、中国卫星全球服务联盟、中国通信学会、中国卫星应用产业协会的支持。     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知CSCD

一、征稿范围 无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术；石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。     

2009年中国西安卫星测控中心纪念封欣赏

中国西安卫星测控中心是中国航天测控网的核心组成部分,主要承担各类航天器的测控、回收、在轨管理和航天员的搜索救援任务,目前下辖测控技术部、活动测控回收部、渭南站、南宁站、喀什站、厦门站、青岛站、佳木斯站、三亚站等测控部站,     

疯狂的游戏

游戏规则:在横列、正斜线、反斜线上填入连续数列(例如1～6、3～8、4～9……),使横列、正斜线、反斜线上的数字不重复。也就是说,除了中央的横列、正斜线和反斜线上填入的数字是1～9外,其他横列、正斜线和反斜线上的数字不一定是从1开始。     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

一、征稿范围长度、热学、力学、无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

《宇航计测技术》是国家科委批准的计量测试专业性技术刊物,国内外公开发行,双月刊。主要报道无线电、时间频率、电磁、光学、长度、热学、力学、和化学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术等。除上述专栏外,本刊还设有电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量基础、计量服务、计量信息等栏目。本刊的宗旨是报道计量测试技术的科研成果与技术进展,传递计量信息,促进学术交流,推广科研成果,为国防现代化服务。     

太阳神与UFO

自古,人类就流行对日月星辰的崇拜,特别是太阳神崇拜。传继至今,已有一个庞大的日月星辰崇拜系统,还有围绕这一中心系统呈放射性扩展的外围系统,早已成为人类古文化中无处不在的图腾。中国古文献《封禅书》中有这样的记载:"雍有日、月、参、辰、南北斗、荧惑、太白、火星、填星、二十八宿、风伯、雨师……百有余庙。"这是说先秦时代仅秦都雍城中,就有100余座祭祀日月星辰的庙宇。而在罗马的"万     

MEP (Mars Environment Package): toward a package for studying environmental conditions at the surface of Mars from future lander/rover missions.

In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander--now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration.     

Remote sensing of environmental factors affecting health

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research to identify, by satellite imagery, parameters of the environment affecting health on Earth. Thus, we suggest expanding the application of space technology to preventive medicine, as a new field in the peaceful uses of outer space. The scope of the study includes all parts of the environment, natural and man-made, and all kinds of protection of life: human, animal and vegetation health. The general objective is to consider and classify those factors, detectable from space, that affect or are relevant to health and may be found in the air, water, sea, soil, land, vegetation, as well as those linked to climate, industry, energy production, development works, irrigation systems, and human settlements. The special objective is the classification of environmental factors detectable from space, that are linked to communicable or chronic endemic diseases or health problems. The method of identifying the factors affecting health was the parallel study of environmental epidemiological and biological parameters. The role of environmental factors common to both human and animal populations is discussed. Conclusive findings are formulated and possible applications, both scientific and practical, in other sectors are also discussed.     

仿真模型的可重用性研究

针对目前建模与仿真的现状和特点,分析了解决仿真模型重用的关键技术－面向对象的分析与设计方法的基本原则和重要作用。指出了面向对象技术中的抽象、信息隐藏、多态和继承等基本原则是隐藏复杂性、提高代码重用性和标准化的基础。进一步给出了模型重用的分类和前提,并重点论证了模型分类、公有属性提取、结构与参数分离、数据与处理方法的封装和ＶＶ＆Ａ技术是实现仿真模型可重用性的技术步骤。     

PEEK/ZrO2固体合金的探索研究

在聚醚醚酮(PEEK)玻璃化转变温度以下,用外动式高能旋转球磨机使PEEK和二氧化锆(ZrO₂)混合物反复变形、断裂和结合,并形成新的相,即形成PEEK/ZrO₂固体合金.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和动态热力学分析装置(DMTA)对PEEK/ZrO₂=1/2和2/1固体合金的结构及性能进行研究;并与纯PEEK对比,探讨PEEK与ZrO₂形成固体合金的可能性;讨论固体合金化工艺对PEEK/ZrO₂固体合金性能的影响,分析PEEK/ZrO₂固体合金的形成机理.     

第21～24太阳周4类空间天气事件爆发特征统计分析

对第21～24太阳周不同等级的太阳X射线耀斑事件、太阳质子事件、地磁暴事件及高能电子增强事件的爆发频次特征进行统计,结果表明:太阳周耀斑爆发的总数量与该太阳周的黑子数峰值呈正比,耀斑总数、X级耀斑事件数与峰值的相关系数分别为0.974,0.997;太阳质子事件主要发生在峰年前后1～2年,约占总发生次数的80%,峰值通量大于10pfu （1 pfu=1 cm-2·sr-1·s-1）的质子事件中,84%伴有耀斑爆发,并且主要伴随M或X级耀斑,少量伴随C级耀斑,峰值通量大于1000pfu的质子事件中,98%伴随M或X级耀斑,并且以X级耀斑为主;第21,22,23和24太阳周发生地磁暴最频繁的时间分别在1982,1991,2003年和2015年,分别滞后黑子数峰值时间3年、2年、2年和1年;72%的高能电子增强事件发生在太阳周下降期,24%的高能电子增强事件发生在太阳周上升期.      

聚合物基复合材料凸头螺栓连接研究进展

机械连接是聚合物基复合材料最典型的连接方式,因其在连接工艺性和可靠性方面的优势,使其在航空航天制造领域得到了广泛应用。对凸头螺栓连接聚合物基复合材料接头的研究进展进行综述。回顾了复合材料接头的机械连接形式,讨论了在拉伸加载下的失效过程,详细论述了复合材料接头的损伤模式;重点讨论了复合材料接头力学性能影响因素的研究进展,包括复合材料性能（纤维类型、增强体结构形式、纤维与金属混杂层板、铺层角度及比例、固化工艺、初始材料缺陷）、紧固件性能（紧固件刚度、钉头型式、螺栓直径、螺纹密封、间隙配合、干涉配合、紧固件缺失）、连接板性能、侧向约束（拧紧力矩、预紧面积、补偿垫片、接触面摩擦因素）、几何效应（复合材料板尺寸、板厚与孔直径比、层合板宽度与孔直径比、孔端距与孔直径比、螺孔形状、螺孔质量、螺孔位置误差）、载荷（静载荷、动态载荷、疲劳载荷、蠕变、松弛、温湿载荷）等;对聚合物基复合材料凸头螺栓连接的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Chemical composition measurements of the atmosphere of Jupiter with the Galileo Probe mass spectrometer.

The Galileo Probe entered the atmosphere of Jupiter on December 7, 1995. Measurements of the chemical and isotopic composition of the Jovian atmosphere were obtained by the mass spectrometer during the descent over the 0.5 to 21 bar pressure region over a time period of approximately 1 hour. The sampling was either of atmospheric gases directly introduced into the ion source of the mass spectrometer through capillary leaks or of gas, which had been chemically processed to enhance the sensitivity of the measurement to trace species or noble gases. The analysis of this data set continues to be refined based on supporting laboratory studies on an engineering unit. The mixing ratios of the major constituents of the atmosphere hydrogen and helium have been determined as well as mixing ratios or upper limits for several less abundant species including: methane, water, ammonia, ethane, ethylene, propane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Analysis also suggests the presence of trace levels of other 3 and 4 carbon hydrocarbons, or carbon and nitrogen containing species, phosphine, hydrogen chloride, and of benzene. The data set also allows upper limits to be set for many species of interest which were not detected. Isotope ratios were measured for 3He/4He, D/H, 13C/12C, 20Ne/22Ne, 38Ar/36Ar and for isotopes of both Kr and Xe.     

An experimental and empirical model of electron temperature for altitudes of 500 to 1000 km and for a high solar activity period

On the basis of systematic electron temperature measurements onboard the Interkosmos-19 satellite, an experimental global model of electron temperature T_e has been constructed; namely, a set of samples representing 10 intervals of measured T_e, accompanied by values of the geographic longitude, solar zenith angle, season of the year, Covington index, Dst and Kp, grouped according to the invariant latitude, geomagnetic time and altitude. On the basis of the experimental model, the coefficients of the empirical models for the summer and winter seasons, for geophysically quiet conditions, and for heights of 520, 600, 920 and 1000 km are calculated. For heights of 680, 760 and 840 km with fewer data available, the coefficients are provisional.     

A proposed international tropical reference atmosphere up to 80 km

Motivated by the need in many aerospace applications for a meaningful reference atmosphere characteristic of the whole of the tropics in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the globe, a proposal is made here for such an atmosphere upto an altitude of 80 km. The proposal is based on balloonsonde, rocketsonde and grenade and falling sphere data, respectively, in the range of about 0–20, 20–50 and 50–80 km height. The final proposal consists of six linear segments in the temperature distribution, with temperature values in degrees Centigrade of 27, ?9, ?74, ?5, ?5, ?74 and ?74 at altitudes of 0, 9, 16, 46, 52, 75 and 80 km respectively. The sea level pressure is taken as 1010 mb, and abridged tables of quantities of interest in meteorological and aerospace applications are provided.     

The Main Results and the Perspectives in the Researches at SSRT

In this report briefly presented the contemporary state of the experimental base of Radio Astrophysical Observatory (RAO) of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), the methodology of radioheliographic monitoring of the solar corona, the SSRT database, the RAO Web-pages, factors limiting the effective use of SSRT. Here are formulated the original results of the basic directions of the solar activity researches and the problems solutions on SSRT: (1) active regions at various development stages, morphology, modeling,signs of energy accumulation and flares buildup, forecast of powerful flares; (2) scenario, topology and the fine temporal picture of flares development, signs of primary energy release, radio emission mechanisms, scatter effects of radio emission in turbulent corona, energetic particles fluxes; (3) filaments; (4) CME with the localization of their initiation at the solar disk background, development scenario of filament activation + CME +flare; (5) coronal holes, and (6) bright coronal points.