Retention Probability in a Track-While-Scan Radar

The probability of maintaining the track file, after acquisition in a track-while-scan (TWS) radar, has been formulated and computed under various conditions of initial range, velocity, and track drop time. All calculations are based on a predetermined update probability versus range characteristic. Results, obtainable with a digital computer in just seconds of computing time, readily demonstrate the relative superiority of retention characteristics achievable for TWS radar with an electronically steerable array antenna.     

杂波环境下基于数据压缩的多传感器容积滤波算法

针对杂波环境下非线性系统中多传感器多目标跟踪问题,基于广义多维分配(S-D分配)规则获取最佳的量测划分,通过多传感器数据压缩技术得到等效量测点与等效量测协方差,结合容积卡尔曼滤波原理实现多目标跟踪,提出了一种基于数据压缩的多传感器容积滤波算法(SD-DCCKF)。仿真结果表明:相对已有算法,SDDCCKF不仅避免了因模型线性化误差导致的滤波发散问题,而且克服了算法在高维系统中数值不稳定的缺点,算法估计精度较高,收敛速度较快,能够更加有效地解决非线性系统中的多目标跟踪问题。     

An Algorithm for Tracking a Maneuvering Target in Clutter

We consider the problem of tracking a maneuvering target in clutter. In such an environment, missed detections and false alarms make it impossible to decide, with certainty, the origin of received echoes. Processing radar returns in cluttered environments consists of three functions: 1) target detection and plot formation, 2) plot-to-track association, and 3) track updating. Two inadequacies of the present approaches are 1) Optimization of detection characteristics have not been considered and 2) features that can be used in the plot-to-track correlation process are restricted to a specific class. This paper presents a new approach to overcome these limitations. This approach facilitates tracking of a maneuvering target in clutter and improves tracking performance for weak targets.     

Multipath Fluctuation Effects in Track-While-Scan Radar

A theoretical model of diffuse multipath reflections from rough surfaces is applied to the prediction of multipath power distribu tions in radar coordinates: elevation angle, time delay, and Dop pler frequency. These distributions are used to predict radar tracking errors in elevation angle, for both monopulse and scan ning antenna systems, and typical results are presented. These show a small increase in tracking error for scanning systems, on radially approaching targets, caused by sensitivity of these trackers to amplitude scintillation of the composite direct-plus multipath signal. Effects of knife-edge diffraction and of vegetation ion are briefly considered.     

Radar System Design for Track-While-Scan

The problem of selecting search radar system parameters to achieve desired track-while-scan performance is investigated at a fundamental theoretical level. The vehicle being tracked is modeled as an object traveling at a random velocity along a random highway. The radar is modeled as a noisy sampler which occassionally drops samples. The best achievable tracking performance in a least-squares error sense of this vehicle/sampler combination is analyzed in general and for a variety of specific situations.     

A Detection Algorithm for Optical Targets in Clutter

There is active interest in the development of algorithms for detecting weak stationary optical and IR targets in a heavy opticalclutter background. Often only poor detectability of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) targets is achieved when the direct correlation method is used. In many cases, this is partly obviated by using detection with correlated reference scenes [1, 2].This paper uses the experimentally justified assumption that most optical clutter can be modeled as a whitened Gaussian randomprocess with a rapidly space-varying mean and a more slowlyvarying covariance [2]. With this assumption, a new constant falsealarm rate (CFAR) detector is developed as an application of the classical generalized maximum likelihood ratio test of Neyman and Pearson. The final CFAR test is a dimensionless ratio. This test exhibits the desirable property that its probability of a false alarm(PFA) is independent of the covariance matrix of the actual noiseencountered. When the underlying noise processes are complex intime, similar considerations can yield a sidelobe canceler CFARdetection criterion for radar and communications. Performance analyses based on the probability of detection (PD)versus signal-to-noise ratio for several given fixed false alarm probabilities are presented. Finally these performance curves are validated by computer simulations of the detection process which use real image data with artificially implanted signals.     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

模糊C均值算法在机载PD雷达杂波跟踪中的应用

介绍一种适用于机载PD雷达的杂波跟踪技术，结合机载PD雷达杂波分布特征和模糊C均值算法的特点，将模糊C均值算法用于杂波跟踪，给出了相应的算法流程，并提出了一种确定初始模糊隶属度的方法，经仿真数据验证，取得了满意的结果。     

MTI Clutter Locking for Arbitrary Clutter Spectral Shapes

Clutter-locking criteria for various types of cancellers and clutter spectra are discussed. It is shown that the proper locking criterion for general asymmetric clutter spectra is different from that applicable to those spectra which have even symmetry or are very narrow.     

一种基于自适应粘滞Landweber算法的雷达杂波模拟方法

在Weibull分布雷达杂波模拟的模型中,针对隐函数迭代法求解无记忆非线性变换法(Zero Memory Nonlinear,ZMNL)中相关参数效率低下的问题,对Landweber迭代算法进行了优化,使之具备粘滞迭代格式和自适应步长,进而将相关系数求解问题转化为第一类算子方程问题。仿真结果表明,改进的算法收敛速度明显提升,显著提高了Weibull雷达杂波的模拟精度。     

Radar Detection in Weibull Clutter

Radar detection in Weibull clutter is examined from a statistical detection viewpoint. Weibull clutter parameters are determined and related to measured values of land and sea clutter. Optimum performance in Weibull clutter is determined, and practical receivers that approach this performance are identified. Receiver performance in Rayleigh, log-normal, and Weibull clutter is evaluated and compared.     

Clutter Residues of a Coherent MTI Radar Receiver

In moving target indicator radar receivers a saturation is always present in the IF stages in order to compress the dynamic range of large clutter inputs. This nonlinearity greatly affects the performances of the cancelling circuits, because of the spreading of the spectra. A quantitative analysis of this effect has been conducted, with an analytical expression chosen for the limitation characteristic. A high degradation of both single-and double-canceller improvement factors has been obtained. Losses of 20 dB for the double canceller are not uncommon. Clutter residue levels at the receiver output have also been computed in order to see how the performance compares with ideal constant false alarm rate behavior.     

Weibull-Distributed Ground Clutter

Weibull-distributed ground clutter of cultivated land was measured using an L-band long-range air-route surveillance radar (ARSR) having a 3.0 ?s pulsewidth and a 1.23° beamwidth at very low grazing angles between 0.21° and 0.32°. It is shown that the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution varied from c = 1.507 to c = 2.0, corresponding to the Rayleigh distribution.     

复杂电磁环境下ESPRIT算法的测向性能

从复杂电磁环境的实际应用出发,从入射角度、阵元间距、信号带宽、多信源(邻近信号)这4个因素对旋转不变子空间算法的测向精度作了仿真研究,得出了一些结论,发现旋转不变子空间算法比多重信号分类算法更适合于在复杂电磁环境中的应用.     

Clutter Map CFAR Analysis

An analysis of the probability of target detection for a clutter map CFAR using digital exponential filtering has been performed. General performance equations are derived. The probability of detection versus signal-to-noise ratio is plotted for a false alarm probability of 1.E-06 for several weight values. The CFAR loss is plotted for a detection probability of 0.9 and false alarm probabilities of 1.E-06 and 1.E-08.     

On Weibull-Distributed Weather Clutter

Weather clutter was observed using an L band range (200nmi) air-route surveillance radar (ARSR). It is shown that the measured clutter amplitudes obey a Weibull distribution.     

移动机器人在部分未知环境中作业的定位算法

通过对移动机器人在部分未知环境中的运动分析,结合多传感器信息,提出一种新的移动机器人在未知环境中的定位算法.该算法可根据移动机器人的运动过程,不断更新其位置状态,并能对下一步位置状态进行预估计,然后根据实测传感器信息对预估值进行修正,获得实际位置状态.     

Probability of Detecting a Fluctuating Target Immersed in Both Noise and Clutter

The probability of detecting either a Swerling 1 or Swerling 2 target immersed in both Rayleigh-distributed noise and log-normally distributed clutter is calculated. Results are presented which demonstrate the effect of noise-to-clutter ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and number of pulses integrated on the detection statistics.