Active collision avoidance maneuver under constant thrust

In this paper, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Furthermore, new switch control laws under constant thrust are designed for active collision avoidance maneuver of the chaser along a specified trajectory. The switch control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the working times of thrusters in three axes which can be respectively computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the working times.     

Field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure

In this paper, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvre positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. A guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure with consideration of the constraints of field of view and safety distance is investigated. New switching control laws under constant thrust are designed for departure manoeuvres of the chaser. The switching control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters in three axes which can be respectively computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters.     

Constant thrust collision avoidance maneuver under thruster failure

In this paper, the collision avoidance maneuver under the chaser’s thruster failure in radial direction is investigated. First, based on the vision measurement, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained and the target maneuvre positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, by using coupling effects, the thrusters working time intervals can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the thrusters working time intervals. Next, the switching control law under constant thrust is designed for active collision avoidance maneuvres along a specified trajectory.     

Constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure

In this paper, a field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure under thruster failure is investigated. First of all, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvres positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, a new switching control law under constant thrust is designed for the departure manoeuvres. The switching control law is obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. With the switching control law, the constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure in the x-axis is carried out by using coupling effects.On the basis of the toolbox of matlab, practical examples for simulation and application are given. The half cone angle of the cone-shaped field-of-view of the target spacecraft is α = 30°, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance algorithm can well satisfy the conditions for the constraints and can make sure the chaser departures from the target spacecraft safely.     

Constant thrust fuel-optimal control for spacecraft rendezvous

In this paper, constant thrust rendezvous is studied and the optimal rendezvous time is calculated by using continuous genetic algorithm. Firstly, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, the results of the calculation of constant thrust rendezvous is founded by processing with multivariate linear regression method. Next, a new switching control law is designed based on the thrust acceleration sequence and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters.     

基于分段常值推力的水滴悬停构型控制策略

针对航天器编队飞行任务对相对运动控制的要求,研究了在分段常值推力控制下航天器受迫绕飞构型的设计与控制问题。首先,基于脉冲控制下的水滴悬停构型,提出了多段常值推力控制实现水滴悬停构型的打靶方程;将打靶方程转化为求解极值问题,采用最小二乘法来求解;分析了一段常值推力可行性。然后,以连续常值小推力控制方程为基础,推导了小邻域定理,分析了近距离相对运动条件下两段常值推力控制的可行性;针对可能出现求解精度差的问题,提出了小推力增量方程来修正精度,并证明在靠近理想解的情况下多次迭代可以趋近于理想解。最后,通过数值仿真实现常值小推力控制下的水滴悬停相对运动。数值仿真结果表明常值小推力控制策略可行,研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。      

Automatic orbital docking with tumbling target using sliding mode control

The present study aimed to propose translational and rotational control of a chaser spacecraft in the close vicinity docking phase with a target subjected to external disturbances. For this purpose, two sliding mode controls (SMC) are developed to coordinate the relative position and attitude of two spacecraft. The chaser is guided to the tumbling target by the relative position control, approaching in the direction of the target docking port. At the same moment, the relative attitude control coordinates the chaser attitude so that it can be aligned with the target orientation. These control systems regulate the relative translational and rotational velocities to be zero when two spacecraft are docking. The robustness of the closed-loop system in the presence of external disturbances, measurement noises and uncertainties is guaranteed by analyzing and calculating the control gains via the Lyapunov function. The simulations in different scenarios indicated the effectiveness of the controller scheme and precise maneuver regarding the accuracy of docking conditions.     

航天器交会飞行设计方法研究

针对半自主飞行追踪星,阐述航天器交会总体设计方法。根据对接点的地理位置范围、共面轨道倾角以及目标星轨道周期与追踪星入轨点地理位置,确定交会飞行时间和两星初始相位差范围。考虑最小轨道机动动力要求与飞行轨迹安全性等因素,并兼顾地面测控条件,设计追踪星远程导引段与相对导航段的轨道机动与飞行轨迹,特别是选择与比较不同的初始轨道、调相轨道与漂移轨道以及保持点停泊时间与最终逼近段飞行时间等交会飞行要素,调整飞行时间、相位差与对接点位置,确定最佳交会飞行方案,完成空间交会任务。     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

人控交会对接控制方法研究

追踪器上的航天员根据摄像机的图像手动操作手柄完成目标器和追踪器的对接任务,为了减轻航天员负担,提高人控对接成功率,文章提出的思路是姿态控制采用自动控制,使得追踪器姿态和合作目标器姿态保持一致,航天员只负责相对位置控制。文章给出了航天员的相对位置控制策略,并将全系数自适应控制和PID控制方法用于追踪器的姿态控制。仿真结果表明,采用全系数自适应控制进行姿态控制过渡过程时间短、稳态精度高,有利于航天员完成人控对接的任务。     

基于遗传编程的航天器有限推力逼近轨迹规划

通过引入基函数的概念,提出了采用遗传编程求解有限推力航天器逼近非合作目标最终逼近段轨迹规划问题的方法。该方法将推力器开关状态定义为基函数,以多个基函数分别乘以开关状态持续时间再求和作为推力器开关的历程函数;将历程函数转换为遗传编程的树型结构,将消耗燃料的质量作为适应度函数,并将规避障碍物和终端逼近精度等约束条件以罚函数的形式添加到适应度函数中;利用遗传编程的模拟自然进化理论的全局寻优机制求解,最终得到最优逼近轨迹方案。某航天器在有限推力下逼近非合作目标的轨迹规划结果表明:整个逼近过程推力器仅开关5次,大大降低了对开关频率的要求,同时,规划结果比采用高斯伪谱法时逼近时间降低了30.09%,燃料消耗降低了4.18%。      

可实现定点停泊与轨迹逼近的航天器交会控制

许多空间任务均需进行轨道交会,据任务的不同,对轨道交会的要求也不同,某些情况下需要跟踪星在交会的过程中暂时停泊于某一点,某些情况下对交会过程的视线角与轨迹提出一定的要求.针对这种需求,设计了一种闭环反馈控制方法,可以使跟踪星在设定的某点进行停泊及停泊保持,也可以沿设定的某条轨迹逼近目标,以满足不同任务对交会过程的不同要求.经仿真表明,此方法能够很好的满足任务要求,并具有精度高、能耗低、跟踪速度快的特点.     

有限推力下的航天器绕飞轨道保持与控制

基于线性动力学模型,研究了有限推力下的航天器绕飞轨道保持与控制问题.首先,针对绕飞轨道控制问题推导了精确的动力学模型,给出了经过线性化的动力学方程.然后,在线性二次性最优控制理论的基础上,设计了一种针对绕飞轨道的反馈控制系统,同时为了实现有限推力,设计了一个有界的非线性环节对控制加速度进行限制.数值仿真结果证明了所设计的控制系统渐进稳定、收敛快速,并且具有良好的控制精度.最后,通过计算不同相对位置误差时轨道控制系统需用的发动机工作时间,估算了轨道维持与轨道控制的燃料消耗量.      

航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制

针对航天器在轨服务任务对绕飞技术的要求,研究了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计和控制问题。基于C-W(Clohessy-Wiltshire)方程的解析解,提出了双水滴拼接绕飞构型,并将单脉冲或双脉冲受迫绕飞延展至多脉冲绕飞构型设计;推导了伴随航天器初始状态变量与绕飞构型形状参数的关系,得到了4种构型的解析表达式和脉冲控制策略。通过数值仿真算例验证了设计的4种绕飞构型能够实现伴随航天器的慢速绕飞和快速绕飞,比较了不同绕飞构型的燃料消耗和绕飞距离误差。数值结果表明,双水滴拼接绕飞构型总脉冲最小。研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。     

连续常值推力机动分析与应用

连续常值推力机动是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式。其中,小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动,而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行,执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的质心运动方程,对机动推力的量值没有限制;在航天器交会应用中,对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径、轨道速度等参数随时间或极角(绕地心的转动角)的变化,便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动,有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是,若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道,在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下,应用量纲1形式的运动方程,可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。     

椭圆轨道非合作目标交会接近策略与控制

文章研究了追踪航天器与失控旋转非合作目标航天器在椭圆轨道中的交会接近策略与控制。在接近策略方面,首先,根据目标航天器大致结构设定一个安全的停泊点,使追踪航天器交会至停泊点;其次,通过在停泊点对旋转目标航天器姿态的观测,分析和预测其运动并确定合适的抓捕点位置,设计安全的接近轨迹,使追踪航天器沿着该轨迹接近至理想的抓捕实施点位置。在控制方面,考虑实际系统中的不确定性,只利用两航天器之间相对位置的测量信息,设计基于特征模型的自适应控制方法实现交会接近。最后通过数学仿真模拟整个交会接近过程,验证了文中所提出的接近策略和控制方法。     

对异面椭圆轨道目标航天器的长期绕飞轨迹设计与控制

研究了绕飞卫星对异面椭圆轨道目标航天器进行长时间绕飞观测的轨道设计与控制问题。首先建立了适用于目标航天器运行在椭圆轨道上的长期绕飞轨迹设计模型;得到了绕飞轨迹以目标航天器为中心且保持封闭的条件。然后,考虑绕飞轨迹安全性和完成任务的相对距离需求,针对具体目标设计了长期绕飞观测轨道。绕飞过程中存在的摄动和误差影响会使绕飞轨迹不能保持封闭,不满足任务需求,为此采用双脉冲方法对绕飞轨迹进行控制。仿真结果表明,对运行在异面椭圆轨道上的目标航天器,所建立的绕飞轨迹设计模型和轨迹控制方法可以用于长期绕飞轨迹设计与控制中。     

航天器近距离导引轨迹规划仿真系统设计

以航天器近距离导引轨迹规划仿真验证为目标,对基于Visual C+ +,Vega Prime和Matlab的联合仿真系统进行开发研究.首先,建立了数学模型.然后,利用Matlab对所建立的数学模型进行优化求解,得到追踪航天器近距离机动时的位置、速度等信息.并通过Multigen Creator软件建立卫星等对象的模型,使用Vega Prime进行视景仿真.之后,采用Visual C+ +进行系统集成,建立基于三者相结合的仿真验证系统.最后,以椭圆参考轨道下近距离交会的连续推力式燃料最优轨迹规划为例,验证了该联合仿真系统.     

非线性相对运动方程的分析解

阐述追踪航天器相对目标航天器的运动方程的建立,以线性相对运动方程分析解为基础,推导出非线性相对运动方程分析解,这里目标航天器沿一般椭圆轨道（包括圆）运动,追踪航天顺受常值推力作用或在自由状态下运动。     

GEO卫星快速发射入轨定点控制方法

提出了一种GEO卫星快速发射入轨定点方法,运载火箭将卫星发射进入GTO轨道后,由上面级或卫星自身在48h内快速定点到GEO轨道任意指定定点位置。考虑时间、测控等约束,在选定变轨策略基础上,以燃料消耗最小为目标,优化给出了快速入轨定点标称轨迹。采用无奇异的春分点根数描述轨道运动,基于最小二乘法给出了航天器在有限推力条件下变轨的闭环显式制导方法,控制航天器沿标称轨迹飞行。仿真算例表明,采用该变轨策略、轨道优化设计方法和制导律,可以完成GEO卫星快速入轨定点控制。