顺电相PbTiO3晶体的电子结构和光学性质

应用全电势线形平面波缀加方法对铁电晶体钛酸铅的顺电立方相的电子能带结构、态密度、电子密度分布进行了计算.能带结构的计算结果表明立方顺电相晶体PbTiO₃为直接带隙的半导体,带隙大小为1.7eV.通过态密度和电子密度的计算结果分析,得到价带和导带的电子组成情况,并且指出Ti原子和O原子存在较强的共价键合.在电子结构的计算基础上,计算得到了与实验符合较好的PbTiO₃晶体的介电函数的实部和虚部,分析了虚部所对应的能带跃迁,并得到了其它的光学性质的参数(光学吸收系数、折射率、消光系数、能量损失曲线、反射率).     

VR成像中延时效应对视觉的影响及其补偿

通过对人的自然视觉获得机理与虚拟现实技术中头盔显示时的视觉获得机理的对比分析，探讨了以头盔显示器为媒介的视觉获得过程中，影响视觉效果的因素。分析认为：从头部姿态信息的获取到空间图像的显示之间，存在一个固定的、物理性的延时，这一延时严重影响了视觉的逼真感和沉浸感。定性讨论了延时的组成，并就具体实验系统给出了定量确定延时的方法；给出了一种基于递推算法的延时补偿方法。     

基于轨迹方法的AFDX网络路由配置算法

针对航空电子全双工交换式以太网(AFDX,Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet)的网络关键技术——虚拟链路(VL,Virtual Link)的静态路由算法,提出了一种基于AFDX轨迹方法的VL路由配置算法——TRJ算法,保证配置VL的端端确定性最大延迟满足给定的时延约束.TRJ算法计算每条VL基于轨迹方法得到的初始延时约束比,按照延时约束比从小到大的顺序结合轨迹方法进行VL静态路由配置.在AFDX网络典型配置下,将该路由算法与最小跳路由和均衡路由算法进行比较,结果表明最小跳路由算法用了最少的资源,均衡路由算法平衡了网络流量,但只有该算法保证了所有VL的端端最大延迟满足时延约束,证明该算法的有效性.     

观测站稀疏地区的WAAS电离层时延网格修正算法

在改进的广域增强系统电离层时延网格算法的基础上，给出了针对观测量比较少的地区比较适用的电离层时延网格修正算法，并通过模拟数据和GPS实测数据与原方法进行了分析比较．结果表明，在观测站稀疏的情况下，本文的计算方法模式的精度比原方法有较大的提高．     

基于累积效应的光交换机分组调度算法

光交换机中的光路重置需要较长的时间,分组调度必须是基于帧的.为提高传输效率帧长通常较大,从而导致了光交换机中特有的分组累积效应.针对该效应,提出一种新的分组调度算法p-LQF(Longest Queue First)+Hold.通过对业务需求矩阵分解得到置换矩阵, 选择匹配占用最大的置换矩阵建立端口匹配.在4×4端口的VOQ(Virtual Output Queue)结构的光交换机中,分别对均匀、非均匀以及对角线的Bernoulli和ON/OFF业务进行了仿真.仿真结果显示该算法对于符合强大数定理的可接入业务能获得100%的通过率,其平均分组时延接近甚至低于主流的LQF+Hold算法,但复杂度更低.该算法能够提供带宽保证以及短期公平性,同时能适应分组的动态到达.      

Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for a LISA-like mission with the simplification of having only one interferometer

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In a previous paper (Dhurandhar, S.V., Nayak, K.R., Vinet, J.-Y. Time delay interferometry for LISA with one arm dysfunctional. Class. Quantum Grav. 27, 135013, 2010), we have found a large family of second-generation analytic solutions of time delay interferometry with one arm dysfunctional, and we also estimated the laser noise due to residual time-delay semi-analytically from orbit perturbations due to Earth. Since other planets and solar-system bodies also perturb the orbits of LISA spacecraft and affect the time delay interferometry (TDI), we simulate the time delay numerically in this paper for all solutions with the generation number n ? 3. We have worked out a set of 3-year optimized mission orbits of LISA spacecraft starting at January 1, 2021 using the CGC2.7 ephemeris framework. We then use this numerical solution to calculate the residual optical path differences in the second-generation solutions of our previous paper, and compare with the semi-analytic error estimate. The accuracy of this calculation is better than 1 cm (or 30 ps). The maximum path length difference, for all configuration calculated, is below 1 m (3 ns). This is well below the limit under which the laser frequency noise is required to be suppressed. The numerical simulation in this paper can be applied to other space-borne interferometers for gravitational wave detection with the simplification of having only one interferometer.     

基于振动声调制的板类结构裂纹定位成像

针对线性Lamb波在监测闭合裂纹及微裂纹方面的不足,基于振动声调制理论,提出了一套板类结构中裂纹损伤定位方法。通过分析仅有高频(HF)激励和高低频(HF和LF)同时激励时,声波在含裂纹结构中的传播路径及其信号成分组成,提出了一种含损伤信息信号的提取技术,继而结合延时叠加算法,参考有基准的线性Lamb波损伤定位方法,对板类结构中的疲劳裂纹进行了定位成像。试验证明,该方法可在无需原始健康基准信号的前提下,有效定位出平板结构中的疲劳裂纹,为结构中接触类损伤的定位成像提供了思路。     

高频返回散射电离图中的离散源回波的地面距离的确定

本文给出一个从高频返回散射电离图中确定离散散射源回波地面距离的方法.它是假定散射源的描迹是抛物线形式且切于最小时延线来计算固定散射源地面距离的.它仅仅基于单站得到的返回散射电离图的最小时延线和三组散射源回波描迹的时延和频率数据即可完成.实验检验的结果表明,本文方法计算结果的误差不大于3％.      

基于度中心性的AFDX网络拓扑生成

航空电子系统随着任务需求和技术的发展不断向深度综合演进,其系统的复杂性给网络的设计和验证带来了巨大的挑战,如何通过网络生成实现受限资源条件下航电信息交互的实时性能保障是目前亟待解决的问题。针对目前存在的无法对航电网络进行实时性调控的拓扑设计方法进行改进,依据终端节点之间所有虚拟链路的最大通信帧长之和的大小关系,提出一种基于度中心性理论的航空电子全双工交换式以太网（AFDX）网络拓扑生成算法。将终端节点之间数据帧长作为节点度的衡量标准,对所有终端节点进行集合划分,并根据集合中终端节点的数据帧长对交换机进行连接。采用确定性网络演算以及仿真的方法对基于度中心性的AFDX网络拓扑生成算法进行效能评估。利用确定性网络演算方法,在小规模虚拟链路（VL）的组网下,结果显示:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法生成的网络拓扑中75%的VLs实时性能优于原始人工设计的网络拓扑,且端到端延迟平均减小9.37%。利用OMNet++仿真方法,在1 400条虚拟链路的组网规模下,结果显示:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法生成的网络拓扑中94.3%的VLs实时性能优于人为规划网络拓扑,且端到端延迟平均减小50.2%。由此表明:基于度中心性的拓扑生成算法很大程度上提高了网络的实时性能保障。      

一种简单的VOQ交换机时延确保分组调度算法

采用EDF(Earliest Deadline First)与轮询结合的方法,提出了一种简单的VOQ(Virtual Output Queueing)分组调度算法提供基于流的时延确保.VOQ队列采用EDF的策略裁决分组流的竞争,输入输出端口采用轮询方式匹配.此时VOQ中分组到达至成为头分组的时间以及分组成为头分组至传输到相应输出端口的时间,分别对应于OQ中的分组排队等待时间及服务时间.通过对所得算法详细的理论分析,给出了流时延界及流分组到达的显性关系.更为重要的是,本文的理论结果不仅为设计更为有效的算法奠定了基础,同时为判别不同流的时延要求是否冲突提供了一种新的直接分析的手段.      

南京地区斜向加热电离层效应数值模拟

与垂直加热相比,斜向加热电离层具有灵活性高、影响范围广和便于实际操作等优势.在非偏区考虑欧姆吸收,基于电子能量方程和连续性方程构建电波斜向加热低电离层的物理模型,并利用IRI-2007和NRLMSISE-00经验模型提供的背景参数对南京地区斜向加热低电离层进行数值模拟,对比不同加热条件下电子温度和电子密度的扰动情况.研究结果表明:电波加热效果随入射仰角和有效辐射功率的增大而增大;电子温度和电子密度增幅随电波频率增大而减小;X波模比O波模造成的电子温度扰动幅度和电子密度扰动幅度更大,同时X波模比O波模能更快地使电子温度和电子密度达到稳定状态;一定范围内较小仰角、较低频率、较大有效辐射功率的电波能使电子密度更快达到稳定,后两者还能加快电子温度达到稳定的过程;电子温度达到稳定所需时间随入射电波仰角呈单峰变化,仰角为62°时达到最大.      

时间继电器延迟时间的高准确度测量

介绍了利用电子计数器在时间继电器延迟时间内对标准频率源的输出信号进行累加计数 ,从而实现时间继电器延迟时间精确测量的方法 ,同时进行了测量不确定度的评定     

Consequences of the application of the streamer fluid model to the study of the sprite inception mechanism

We present the results of a streamer-fluid model used to investigate the electrodynamical coupling between the troposphere and upper atmosphere due to the penetration of lightning electric fields into the mesosphere and the lower ionosphere, generating sprites. The model solves the continuity equation for electrons and ions coupled to Poisson equation. The dominant physical response of the atmosphere is the formation of a screening-ionization wave. The wave shields the atmosphere above it from the action of the lightning field and, together with the conductivity reduction below it due to attachment, the wave amplifies the total field below it, allowing for the penetration of intense electric fields in the mesosphere as it propagates downwards into regions of higher density that compress the wave. This is the key physical mechanism for sprite inception. We evaluated the effects of the thundercloud charge geometry, lightning current waveshape, atmospheric conductivity, via different electron density profiles, and the effect of ionization, attachment and electron mobility coefficients in the electrical breakdown process, related to halo production, and sprite streamer initiation. The results showed that electrons with higher mobility are more efficient in shielding the lightning electric field before breakdown, causing delay, and they contribute to the formation of the streamer seed after breakdown, anticipating the sprite streamer inception. Similarly, a higher effective ionization rate, produced by modifications in the attachment and ionization coefficients, anticipates sprite inception. The simulations with 6 different electron density profiles, and therefore conductivities, spanning 4 orders of magnitude, showed that the altitude of breakdown and sprite initiation, as well as their time delays from the lightning discharge are directly related to atmospheric conductivity: higher conductivities produce halo and sprite inception at lower altitudes with longer delays and may hinder sprite formation. We document that variations of 30 times in the lightning current leads to sprite initiation altitudes in the range 66.0–73.5 km, with delays between 1.550 and 34.500 ms, while variations of 4 orders of magnitude in the conductivity profile lead to initiation altitudes 61.0–70.6 km, with delays in the range 3.825–9.825 ms. Consequently, we suggest that lightning characteristics dominate over atmospheric parameters in determining sprites’ initiation altitude and delay. The simulation of a −CG, with a constant current of 30 kA, did not produce a sprite seed, confirming an asymmetry in the response of the atmosphere to positive and negative lightning. This is due to the free electron drift direction that is away from the screening ionization wave, preventing the formation of the streamer seed for the great majority of −CGs. The same does not apply to halos, which depend on the occurrence of breakdown and can be produced by discharges of both polarities.     

基于FPGA的激光成像质心提取算法的硬件实现

针对一款激光成像测距系统设计激光成像自适应质心提取算法模块,该模块包含自适应积分时间调整、多波峰毛刺平滑处理及基于灰度加权的质心提取3个子模块,该模块已在FPGA上实现,处理延迟小,占用资源少,可稳定提取目标在线阵探测器上成像的质心位置,提高三维激光测距的精度.     

软件定义时间触发网络的调度算法优化

软件定义时间触发以太网（TTE）作为优化航空电子系统中消息调度的一种新模式,其动态在线调度算法必须尽力保证任何情况下所有消息的传输确定性。针对时间触发（TT）消息调度间隔小于消息帧长（小时隙）时,速率约束RC消息延迟增大、传输确定性降低的问题,对TT消息调度算法进行改进。首先,构建了TTE的系统模型,阐明了最小延迟（MID）调度算法和背靠背（B2B）调度算法的机制;然后在其基础上提出了大孔隙（MAV）调度算法,以减少（RC）消息的等待延迟;最后,利用OMNeT++实验分析这3种调度算法的性能。实验结果表明:当无小时隙TT消息时,B2B算法的消息延迟最大、MAV调度算法和MID调度算法的消息延迟接近。当有小时隙TT消息时,MAV调度算法的消息传输确定性更好,相比于MID调度算法,MAV调度算法下RC消息的传输确定性提高了87.3%。      

结合短帧优先的权重轮询AFDX端系统发送策略

提出一种新型的端系统虚链路调度（VL）策略,该策略在短帧优先基础上结合权重轮询（WRR）进行调度,既确保了重要短帧的优先级又可以平衡其他不同优先级信号的延迟上限。应用网络演算理论推导了基于该新型调度策略的端系统不同虚链路的延迟上界,研究了最大延迟上界与不同权重比及其帧长之间的关系,并建立了基于OPNET的航空电子全双工交换式以太网（AFDX）网络模型,仿真分析新型调度策略与短帧优先、带权重轮询调度算法下端系统数据的发送延迟。结果表明,该新型调度策略有效可行,降低了短帧虚链路的最大延迟时间,提高了长帧数据中较重要任务数据的处理带宽,适用于具有较多重要短帧并具有不同优先级数据的机载系统网络。      

线性调频波的转发干扰对消分析

提出了一种线性调频波的转发干扰对消方法,该方法利用匹配滤波输出存在时延与频移上的强烈耦合,通过调整对消波的相位和频移,使其匹配滤波输出与原回波输出基本满足时间重合、幅值相近、相位相反的对消关系,减小回波总输出幅值,即可有效降低其被检测概率;推导了只进行调相转发的对消输出公式和同时进行调频调相转发的对消输出公式,分析了其理论输出特性,并分别对其进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,对消波若只进行相位调制,其对消效果与转发时延和信号带宽之积相关,此值越小则对消效果越好,但对相位调制和幅度控制的精度要求也越高;对消波若同时进行相位和频率调制,其对消效果由转发时延与信号脉宽之商直接决定,此值越小则对消效果越好,带宽不影响对消效果,但带宽越大则对消效果对频率调制精度要求越高.      

135.6nm夜气辉峰值电子密度反演算法及误差

根据夜间135.6nm大气辉光光强与F₂层峰值电子密度N_mF₂平方成正比的物理机制,在前期夜间135.6nm气辉辐射激发模型研究的基础上建立了峰值电子密度的反演算法,把全球经纬度分成若干格点,每个格点的电离层及中性成分信息分别由IRI2000和MSISE90提供,将电离层及中性成分廓线输入夜气辉辐射激发模型,计算每个格点135.6nm气辉的辐射强度,然后将各个格点的135.6nm气辉辐射强度与电离层廓线输入的N_mF₂平方拟合得到气辉强度与N_mF₂的转换因子.利用此方法可获得不同地方时、季节和太阳活动周期的转换因子组成查算表,进而根据实际探测的135.6nm气辉辐射强度反演相应时空的N_mF₂.最后对该算法的反演误差进行了综合分析,为该算法适用的时空特性提供重要理论支撑.      

基于SOVA的低复杂度FTN信号接收算法

超奈奎斯特(FTN)传输技术是一种高频谱效率的信号传输方式。针对FTN信号存在的码间串扰,基于软输出维特比算法(SOVA)提出FTN信号的低复杂度接收算法。根据幸存路径和竞争路径的判决结果,动态地调整每个时刻回溯过程的比较次数,降低比较次数平均值。在实际应用中,根据不影响误码性能的统计经验值直接截短回溯路径的长度。直接截短回溯深度算法可在不恶化误码率(BER)的前提下,降低比较运算次数2/3,同时减少回溯过程所需寄存器资源和延时50%以上。     

Fringe fitting and group delay determination for geodetic VLBI observations of DOR tones

Extracting the group and phase delays of interferometric observations produced in the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurement concept requires a special fringe fitting and delay search algorithm for the recorded bandwidth. While fringe fitting is in use routinely for several megahertz wide channels in geodetic and astrometric VLBI with quasar observations, fringe fitting for artificial tones of very small bandwidth of artificial signals for Differential One-way Ranging (DOR) requires a different way of handling. In a project called Observing the Chang’E-3 Lander with VLBI (OCEL), the DOR tones emitted by the Chang’E-3 lander were observed in a standard geodetic VLBI mode with 8 or 4?MHz wide channels to maintain compatibility with the corresponding quasar observations. For these observations, we modified the existing fringe fitting program of the Haystack Observatory Processing Software (HOPS), fourfit, to properly handle narrow band DOR tones. The main motivations are that through this modification, the data of quasars and artificial radio sources can be processed in the existing geodetic analysis pipeline, and that the algorithm can be used for similar projects as well. In this paper, we describe the algorithm and show that the new algorithm produces much more reliable group delay results than using the standard fourfit algorithm. This is done by a simulation test and in particular by processing of real observations. It is shown that in many cases, systematic deviations of several nanoseconds, which are seen with the standard fourfit algorithm, can be avoided. The ultimate benefit of the new procedure is demonstrated by reducing the errors in delay triangle closures by at least a factor of 3, which, in the OCEL case, is from ～300 to ～100?ps.