The Earth’s magnetosphere response to interplanetary medium conditions on January 21–22, 2005 and on December 14–15, 2006

The Earth’s magnetosphere response to interplanetary medium conditions on January 21–22, 2005 and on December 14–15, 2006 has been studied. The analysis of solar wind parameters measured by ACE spacecraft, of geomagnetic indices variations, of geomagnetic field measured by GOES 11, 12 satellites, and of energetic particle fluxes measured by POES 15, 16, 17 satellites was performed together with magnetospheric modeling based in terms of A2000 paraboloid model. We found the similar dynamics of three particle populations (trapped, quasi-trapped, and precipitating) during storms of different intensities developed under different external conditions: the maximal values of particle fluxes and the latitudinal positions of the isotropic boundaries were approximately the same. The main sources caused RC build-up have been determined for both magnetic storms. Global magnetospheric convection controlled by IMF and substorm activity driven magnetic storm on December 14–15, 2006. Extreme solar wind pressure pulse was mainly responsible for RC particle injection and unusual January 21, 2005 magnetic storm development under northward IMF during the main phase.     

宇宙线暴时增加及其特征

利用11个地面超中子堆的资料分析了6个不同地磁暴期间由于赤道环电流增强引起的暴时增加,并分析了它们的特征。结果表明,地磁暴愈强,暴时增加愈明显。暴时增加与地磁H分量的变化有很好的负相关,并有明显的纬度效应或与地磁截止刚度有依赖关系。北京地区是暴时增加相当明显的区域。暴时增加还有明显的地方时依赖关系。在白昼一侧的增加更大,表明环电流具有不对称性的特征。     

由环电流的宇宙线效应验证二维对称环电流模型

本文利用不同纬度超中子堆记录的宇宙线强度, 对不同磁暴类型下环电流的宇宙线效应进行了分析。加强的西向环电流使宇宙线截止刚度下降, 在某些特大的磁暴中, 中低纬字宙线截止刚度下降可达1GV以上, 从而使宇宙线强度增加。利用二维对称环电流模式, 从宇宙线的角度计算了环电流的磁暴效应。与实际观测值的对比显示, 除非特大的磁暴过程, 利用该模式所得结果与实际观测符合得较好。     

磁暴期间环电流离子中性原子成像的模拟与观测比较研究

采用已经建立的环电流离子解析模型,结合Chamberlain地冕中性层模型,研究了2004年11月一次大磁暴期间的环电流区域中性原子(ENA)图像.结果表明,模拟的ENA图像与TC-2卫星搭载的中性原子成像仪(NUAUD)的观测图像在方位角或地方时分布、高度或纬度分布和能谱分布方面存在一定的差异.如果依据磁暴发展的不同阶段来选择环电流离子模型的方位角不对称因子和通量最大方向的方位角,增大地冕中性层在低高度区域的密度或者考虑氢(H)以外的其他中性成分,改进注入边界处的离子能谱分布函数,且考虑不同种类环电流离子的比例随磁暴发展可能发生的变化,该模型有望产生更符合观测的模拟ENA图像.     

Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft

The four identical Cluster spacecraft, launched in 2000, orbit the Earth in a tetrahedral configuration and on a highly eccentric polar orbit (4–19.6 R_E). This allows the crossing of critical layers that develop as a result of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Since 2004 the Chinese Double Star TC-1 and TC-2 spacecraft, whose payload comprise also backup models of instruments developed by European scientists for Cluster, provided two additional points of measurement, on a larger scale: the Cluster and Double Star orbits are such that the spacecraft are almost in the same meridian, allowing conjugate studies. The Cluster and Double Star observations during the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events are presented, showing uncommon plasma parameters values in the near-Earth solar wind and in the magnetosheath. These include solar wind velocities up to ∼900 km s⁻¹ during an ICME shock arrival, accompanied by a sudden increase in the density by a factor of ∼5 and followed by an enrichment in He⁺⁺ in the secondary front of the ICME. In the magnetosheath ion density values as high as 130 cm⁻³ were observed, and the plasma flow velocity there reached values even higher than the typical solar wind velocity. These resulted in unusual dayside magnetosphere compression, detection of penetrating high-energy particles in the magnetotail, and ring current development following several successive injections of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere, which “washed out” the previously formed nose-like ion structures.     

环电流区能量离子分布特性研究

为了考察环电流区离子的分布情况,采用环电流粒子理论模式,对环电流中10-100 keV的离子进行了模拟研究.这个模式能够根据近地注入区外边界处离子的分布函数得出磁暴主相期间环电流中的主要成分H+,O+,He+3种离子的通量分布.计算结果分析表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,不同种类离子的通量分布的形态结构十分相似.电场强度对环电流离子通量的空间分布具有决定性的作用;晨昏电场强度越强,离子的通量越高;晨昏电场越强,环电流离子的内边界越接近地球.10keV的离子在电场相当弱的时候还是存在着连续的通量分布,但他们的形态和结构随着电场的变化有明显的变化.电场很弱时,离子分布主要集中于内外两个环带,离子通量在晨侧的更多一些,离子通量的最大值基本上是在比较靠近地球的环带上;随着电场的增强,离子分布的内外两个环带逐步合并,离子的分布逐渐靠近地球,通量分布的最大值也移动到了昏侧.环电流离子投掷角分布具有各向异性,投掷角在90°左右的时候,离子通量能达到最大值.      

1998年4月下旬至5月上旬地磁暴的日地事件认证

综合运用SOHO/LASCO、SOHO/EIT关于CME的观测结果和WIND飞船关于太阳风的观测记录,识别了1998年4月下旬至5月上旬发生的磁暴的CME源,分析了与5月初强磁暴群相联系的日地事件.结果表明,所用日地扰动事件关系认证的方法是可行的.本文就上述日地事件所涉及的磁暴群与活动区的关系、CME地磁效应的日面东西不对称性以及磁云与高速流的作用等问题进行了讨论.     

The mass spectrum analyzer (MSA) onboard BEPI COLOMBO MMO: Scientific objectives and prototype results

BEPI COLOMBO is a joint mission between ESA and JAXA that is scheduled for launch in 2014 and arrival at Mercury in 2020. A comprehensive set of ion sensors will be flown onboard the two probes that form BEPI COLOMBO. These ion sensors combined with electron analyzers will allow a detailed investigation of the structure and dynamics of the charged particle environment at Mercury. Among the ion sensors, the Mass Spectrum Analyzer (MSA) is the experiment dedicated to composition analysis onboard the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). It consists of a top-hat for energy analysis followed by a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) section to derive the ion mass. A notable feature of MSA is that the TOF section is polarized with a linear electric field that provides an enhanced mass resolution, a capability that is of importance at Mercury since a variety of species originating from the planet surface and exosphere is expected. MSA exhibits two detection planes: (i) one with moderate mass resolution but a high count rate making MSA appropriate for plasma analysis, (ii) another with a high (above 40) mass resolution though a low count rate making it appropriate for planetology science. Taking advantage of the spacecraft rotation, MSA will provide three-dimensional distribution functions of magnetospheric ions, from energies characteristic of exospheric populations (a few eVs or a few tens of eVs) up to the plasma sheet energy range (up to ∼40 keV/q) in one spin (4 s).     

Charged particle dynamics in the combined field of two rotating magnetic dipoles: A numerical investigation of the parametric effect on the equatorial motions

In this contribution we study some aspects of the dynamics of a charged particle in the field produced by two magnetic dipoles that rotate in circular orbits around their common center of mass under their mutual Newtonian attraction. More precisely, we numerically investigate the evolution of the regions of the particle motion on the equatorial plane of each dipole and we explore their parametric variation. We focus our investigation on those problem parameters that are related with the magnetic fields and the masses of the primaries. The obtained preliminary results show that for each particular set of the above parameters and for certain values of energy these regions are bounded, and therefore the motion of the particle is confined inside them.     

1994年2月21日行星际激波引起的磁暴

利用Imp-8,Geotail和Goes-6等卫星资料,研究了1994年2月21日0900UT到达地球磁层的行星际激波引起的磁暴期间,从太阳风向磁层传输能量的有关问题.结果指出:（1）南向行星际磁场（IMF）的长持续时间不是太阳风向磁层输能的必要条件.南北振荡的,较强IMF也能产生显著的能量传输;（2）行星际扰动磁场通过弓激波和磁层顶后扰动磁能增加,增幅将近5倍;（3）在磁层内扰动磁场的Bz分量在1×10-4Hz附近显著被吸收.这一低频扰动磁场可能是磁暴期间导致氧离子和质子等环电流粒子向内扩散并被加速的原因之一.     

武昌地区急始型磁暴期间电离层电子总含量的变化

利用１９８０年４月至１９９０年１２月共１３６次急始型磁暴资料统计研究了武昌地区ＴＥＣ的变化。结果表明，ＴＥＣ的暴时变化出现正相，相对变化值ΔＴＥＣ的暴时变化形态与中高纬地区一些台站所观测到的结果差别较大；如果磁暴急始出现在白天，则急始后３６小时，会出现ΔＴＥＣ的极大值，如果急始出现在夜间，则不会出现极大值，这一现象与太阳黑子数，季节无关。