构架式可展开天线自由度与奇异性分析

针对以四面体为基本单元的构架式空间可展开天线,基于螺旋理论分析了多环耦合机构3RR-3RRR基本单元及多单元组网的自由度,降低分析此构架单元过约束与奇异性的复杂性。首先,根据螺旋理论能同时表示运动副轴线的位置和运动副类型的特点,建立了3RR-3RRR单元各铰链的运动螺旋并求解出单元过约束数;其次,运用修正的Kutzbach-Grübler公式求解出此单元的自由度,并分析出在特殊位形下的奇异性和瞬时性;最后,多单元组网成一个复杂耦合机构,采用等效构型的方法简化组网结构可得此天线反射器收展所需自由度,再通过计算各花盘的相对间距来验证构架可展开天线的收展协调性。研究表明构架式天线反射器3RR-3RRR四面体单元为单自由度机构且含有4个过约束,便于机构的展开控制,在同步杆铰链处于特殊位形下有约束奇异。组网后反射器桁架系统是单自由度机构,机构在单驱动运动过程中可展开完全,实现构架可展开天线各杆件在工作时运动协调,在空间机构领域具有良好的应用性。     

船舶仪表现场计量保障问题研究

分析了计量工作重要性和船舶仪表现场计量保障工作面临的问题,阐释了船舶论证研制阶段开展对船舶仪表现场计量保障的依据及论证设计思路,重点分析了国内船舶靠泊港口的环境条件,阐述了压力仪表原位测试的可行性、原位检测设计方案和实施效果。     

低轨Walker星座构型偏置维持控制方法分析

针对低轨(low earth orbit,LEO)Walker星座构型稳定性维持问题,分析了低轨卫星的轨道摄动和星座构型稳定性的影响因素.通过分析低轨Walker星座的轨道摄动和相对漂移特点,提出了两次偏置策略.首先,依据未偏置时星座相对漂移量拟合得出第一次偏置时的偏置量.然后利用第一次偏置后的相对漂移量拟合得出第二次...     

弹载捷联星敏感器强光规避策略及算法

星敏感器光学系统及成像阵列易受太阳和月亮强光干扰.针对弹载捷联星敏感器提出一种规避强光的解析几何方法.通过天文公式解算出观星时刻太阳、月亮矢量,将其转换到当地地理坐标系下;将太阳、月亮方位、地心指向和星敏感器圆视场的几何分布关系划分为3种类型,并结合星敏感器遮光罩太阳月亮规避角参数,分别建立矢量公式求解星敏感器光轴的指令指向;利用STK仿真软件进行算法验证,选择任意时间段并设定星敏感器光轴指向,经本算法解算的光轴指令指向均可成功规避太阳月亮和地平.该算法可实现星敏感器光学系统的自主保护、观星窗口的选择,可以通过姿态机动实现太阳和月亮的规避和有效星光观测.     

考虑磨损后含间隙指向机构运动特性

为了提高空间指向机构磨损寿命的预测精度,克服传统静态磨损寿命预测的缺陷,计及间隙、摩擦磨损耦合因素,以实现机构关节动态磨损的精确预测,并对综合考虑间隙、摩擦磨损等因素的空间二维指向机构动力学问题和磨损问题进行了研究。采用牛顿 欧拉法,将间隙变量嵌入动力学模型,构建含间隙二维指向机构的动力学模型。基于Archards磨损模型,找到运动副接触面不同位置处的磨损深度,重构运动副表面形貌,并对磨损前后含间隙指向机构的动态特性进行分析,得到了关节处接触碰撞力和切向摩擦力的变化规律;采用动态拟合变量法和离散处理法分别对含间隙运动副内部间隙与接触力间、运行时间与相对滑移速度间的对应关系进行拟合,并建立了动态磨损数学模型;进一步预测了二维指向机构在跟踪模式、调姿模式下的运行时间分别为1259192h、76444h。研究工作为二维指向机构的本体设计、制造与应用奠定基础。     

载人航天器的再入制导控制与仿真计算

研究了弹道一升力式载人航天器的再入制导规律和各种再入误差源对其落点的影响。主要包括以下内容：再入纵向制导和侧向制导规律的确定;分析各种单项误差对落点的影响;用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法模拟各种再入误差源及其对落点偏差的综合影响。通过大量的模拟计算,掌据各种再入误差对落点偏差的影响,提出再入误差应具有的指标要求,并得到一些有益的结论。计算结果表明,确定的制导规律可以达到满意的落点控制效果。     

100kHz~1MHz频率范围水听器灵敏度激光法校准及其验证

激光法校准水听器灵敏度是一种绝对校准方法，本文介绍了激光法水声声压校准装置的校准原理及主要系统构成，采用激光法对TC4034和BK8103水听器的灵敏度在100kHz~1MHz频率范围进行了校准实验研究，分析了激光法校准装置的测量不确定度，校准结果与三换能器互易法对校准结果进行了对比。结果表明两种校准方法的结果总体上是一致的，校准结果偏差小于两套装置的合成不确定度。本文对导致二者之间偏差的原因进行了分析。     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Evaluation of the IRI-2016 and NeQuick electron content specification by COSMIC GPS radio occultation,ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations

We examined performance of two empirical profile-based ionospheric models, namely IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2, in electron content (EC) and total electron content (TEC) representation for different seasons and levels of solar activity. We derived and analyzed EC estimates in several representative altitudinal intervals for the ionosphere and the plasmasphere from the COSMIC GPS radio occultation, ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations. It allows us to estimate a quantitative impact of the ionospheric electron density profiles formulation in several altitudinal intervals and to examine the source of the model-data discrepancies of the EC specification from the bottom-side ionosphere towards the GPS orbit altitudes. The most pronounced model-data differences were found at the low latitude region as related to the equatorial ionization anomaly appearance. Both the IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2 models tend to overestimate the daytime ionospheric EC and TEC at low latitudes during all seasons of low solar activity. On the contrary, during high solar activity the model results underestimated the EC/TEC observations at low latitudes. We found that both models underestimated the EC for the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere regions for all levels of solar activity. For low solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere can compensate the overestimation of the ionospheric EC and, consequently, can slightly decrease the resulted model overestimation of the ground-based TEC. For high solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere leads to a strengthening of the model underestimation of the ground-based TEC values. We demonstrated that the major source of the model-data discrepancies in the EC/TEC domain comes from the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere system.     

Strategies for detection of putative life on Europa

Planned future exploration missions to the Jovian satellite Europa have a strong astrobiological motivation. Characterization of the potential habitability of the liquid water environments, and searching for life signals are the main astrobiological objectives of these missions. To meet these objectives specific strategies and instrumentation are required. Here we discuss some scenarios for the development of Europa potential biospheres. These scenarios are based on assumptions of the life similarity concept and knowledge about terrestrial life in extreme environments. Since the potential habitable environments on Europa are in the interior of the satellite it is not possibly to directly detect life. However, there are processes that link aqueous sub-surface environments with the near-surface environment, such as tectonism or magmatism. Therefore, by analysing endogenous materials that arise from the interior it is possible to make predictions about what is in the sub-surface. We propose some measurements and instrumentation for future missions to detect biosignatures on the upper layers of Europa, including the simple physico-chemical traces of metabolism to complex biomolecules or biostructures. Raman spectroscopy or biosensor technologies are the future for in situ exploration of the Solar System.     

电弧推力器约束通道内流动特性数值模拟

约束通道对电弧推力器的性能有着重要的影响,文章采用基于局域热力学模型（LTE）的数值模拟方法对中等功率电弧推力器内等离子体流动进行了数值模拟,考察了电流、入口压力、约束通道尺寸及不同推进剂对约束通道内等离子体流动的影响,分析了约束通道内非均匀流动现象,最后对推力器的性能、效率等进行了讨论。计算结果表明,随着电流的增加电弧高温区变粗变长,随着入口压强的增加电弧高温区半径减小而长度增加,随着约束通道半径的减小电弧高温区变得细长,随着约束通道长度的增加高温区的长度增长而半径无明显变化,氢气的高温区明显小于氮气和氩气;约束通道内只有小部分气体通过高温区被电离,大部分气体沿着壁面附近的低温区流动;约束通道内焦耳热约占总焦耳热的60%~80%,主要受约束通道长度影响。     

霍尔推力器羽流对太阳翼的溅射影响规律

霍尔推力器羽流对太阳翼的溅射作用是影响翼板工作性能、卫星供能稳定性的重要因素。为深入研究霍尔推力器羽流在不同布置工况下对太阳翼的溅射影响规律,采用单元粒子/直接蒙特卡洛碰撞模型（PIC/DSMC）求解羽流等离子体的输运过程,其中对离子的扩散作用采用基于菲克定律的求解模型,并以Yamamura溅射模型来求解等离子体对太阳翼表面的溅射产额。为验证修正扩散模型后的算法精度,在真空舱内开展羽流诊断试验,以试验与计算结果的对比来修正扩散经验参数以及验证计算精度。试验结果表明,在扩散系数kd=126×10-36N·m4时,该模型计算误差在87%左右。在此基础上,对不同的推力器方位角、推力器与翼板距离工况,开展羽流对太阳翼的溅射产额计算。计算结果给出太阳翼表面溅射分布随方位角、距离增加的依变规律,并进行了相关透光率影响程度的讨论,可对推力器的星上布置提供参考依据。     

类构件潜在可重用性预测技术

首先分析了Judith Barnard类构件潜在可重用性预测模型,针对其不足提出了改进意见.在此基础上,将"类构件"的概念进行扩展,提出了"可重用类群"的概念及相应的判定算法,该技术使得对类构件潜在可重用性的预测更加合理、准确.      

Computer modelling of a penetrator thermal sensor

The Philae lander is part of the Rosetta mission to investigate comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It will use a harpoon like device to anchor itself onto the surface. The anchor will perhaps reach depths of 1–2 m. In the anchor is a temperature sensor that will measure the boundary temperature as part of the MUPUS experiment. As the anchor attains thermal equilibrium with the comet ice it may be possible to extract the thermal properties of the surrounding ice, such as the thermal diffusivity, by using the temperature sensor data. The anchor is not an optimal shape for a thermal probe and application of analytical solutions to the heat equation is inappropriate. We prepare a numerical model to fit temperature sensor data and extract the thermal diffusivity. Penetrator probes mechanically compact the material immediately surrounding them as they enter the target. If the thermal properties, composition and dimensions of the penetrator are known, then the thermal properties of this pristine material may be recovered although this will be a challenging measurement. We report on investigations, using a numerical thermal model, to simulate a variety of scenarios that the anchor may encounter and how they will affect the measurement.     

磁层顶剪切磁流体非线性性态的谱截断法研究Ⅰ.流场扰动对磁场的作用

本文用谱截断方法研究了磁层顶剪切磁流体的非线性性态。结果表明:流场扰动会使系统出现剪切不稳定(K-H不稳定)性;系统具有对初值的敏感性,这是导致湍动而使磁层顶动力学性态难以预测的根本原因;流场粘性及流场与磁场的相互作用使能量与动量在流场与磁场中转化和传输;外界能流通过粘性与耦合作用可周而复始地在系统中传递。      

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

目标飞行器交会对接轨道的设计和控制

根据目标飞行器轨道高度和追踪飞行器入轨轨道高度,给出了目标飞行器交会对接轨道初始相位的设计方法。针对目标飞行器交会对接轨道控制要求,建立了共面相位计算模型以及轨道相位、高度和圆化度的多目标参数求解模型。基于定轨误差、轨道控制误差和轨道预报误差的调相时间分析,制定了目标飞行器调相控制策略。仿真计算表明,实现的目标飞行器交会对接轨道满足要求,验证了调相控制量优化原则的正确性,并对标称共面与虚拟共面的共面时刻和共面相位进行了比较。所提出的计算模型、控制策略和分析方法适用于目标飞行器交会对接轨道设计和控制实施。     

Understanding Substorms in the Magnetotail: Early Development and Recent Progress

This is a concise review of physics of the substorm in the magnetotail. It consists of two parts. The first part summarizes historical developments in the early days of the space age (1960--1975) when the basic concepts such as magnetotail and reconnection were established and the leading model of the substorm was introduced. The second part is an overview of the research conducted in recent years (1995--2010) when very significant advances have been achieved in understanding the substorm physics by virtue of several major satellites missions that addressed the magnetotail physics intensively.      

Modeling of ionospheric parameter variations in East Asia during the moderate geomagnetic disturbances

The results of modeling of ionospheric disturbances observed in the East Asian region during moderate storms are presented. The numerical model for ionosphere–plasmasphere coupling developed at the ISTP SB RAS is used to interpret the data of observations at ionospheric stations located in the longitudinal sector of 90–130°E at latitudes from auroral zone to equator. There is obtained a reasonable agreement between measurements and modeling results for winter and equinox. In the summer ionosphere, at the background of high ionization by the solar EUV radiation in the quiet geomagnetic period the meridional thermospheric wind strongly impacts the electron concentration in the middle and auroral ionosphere. The consistent calculations of the thermospheric wind permit to obtain the model results which are closer to summer observations. The actual information about the space-time variations of thermosphere and magnetosphere parameters should be taken into account during storms.     

航材保障经费的优化配置研究

航材保障的主要工作包括航材筹措、储备、供应和管理,这些工作均需要经费支撑,数百万项航材占用大量的资金.如何充分利用和优化配置好航材保障经费,对提高航材保障良好率和飞机完好率至关重要.以航材保障经费为资源,以航材系统整体保障效益的提高和飞机维修器材费用的优化配置为目标,建立了航材保障经费优化配置模型,应用边际分析法推导出模型公式,利用数值计算法获得使航材保障效益最佳的经费优化配置方案,使有限的航材保障经费充分利用,发挥其最大的保障效能.