基于复杂截线的NURBS双向蒙皮造型方法

通过对NURBS造型方法技术的研究,在我校自主开发的SuperManCAD/CAM集成系统中成功地实现了基于复杂曲线的NURBS双向蒙皮曲面的造型功能,建立了完全基于NURBS方法的CAD/CAM系统。大量的工程应用和实例验证,表明本研究的NURBS方法是一种适用于复杂外形产品设计与制造的、灵活有效的造型方法。     

工程约束下基于自由曲面方法的机头气动修形设计

二次曲线由于其良好的几何特征,在传统的飞机建模过程中得到较多的应用,但是单一的控制参数使其外形变化受到限制,而灵活的外形变化恰是NURBS曲线的主要特点。根据飞机设计过程中总体布局要求及人机工效约束条件,采用NURBS曲线曲面方法,使用控制点位置的相对长度与角度为设计参数,在飞机机头参数化建模过程中融入相关的工程约束,通过CFD计算分析,对设计参数进行优化,得到符合要求的模型;并尝试在风挡区域增加一条横向控制线,调节风挡局部区域的气流流动。结果表明,采用NURBS方法可以得到符合设计要求的机头外形,而且对外形的控制更加灵活;增加风挡区域的横向控制线改善了风挡局部区域的气流流动。     

自动计算NURBS初始权因子的方法

通过对NURBS曲线权因子几何属性的深入分析,给出了一个直观、简洁和客观计算权因子的一般方法 ;在此基础上,提出了利用线性插值法和嵌入ANN算法的自动计算NURBS权因子的具体方法。根据NURBS控制多边形的形状以及曲线的形状约束条件,自动计算出NURBS曲线的一组初始权因子。     

PRACTICAL G~2 CONTINUITY ALGORITHMS BETWEEN ADJACENT NURBS PATCHES

Geometriccontinuityiswidelyrecognizedastheappropriatewaytofittogethertwoadja-centsurfacepatchesinCAD/CAM.ItavoidsdePendenceofparametrizatinnandprovidesaddi-tionalparametersformodelingtheshapes.Apatchworktechniqueconstructsanycompositesurfacestraightforwardly,patchbypatch.ThetangentplanecontinuityG1andcurvaturecon-tinuityG2ofparametricsurfacepatcheshavebeenstudied[1~6J-AlltheseresearchersworkwithsurfacepatchesinBezierformandrationalBezierform.IncontrasttoNURBSsurface,BezierandrationalBe…     

具有公共三次曲线的NURBS曲面片G2光滑拼接算法

非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线、曲面造型理论是当前最先进的几何造型方法之一，大量基于NURBS的实用造型系统得到发展。对NURBS而言，虽然具有参数连续性，但为了实用需要，仍需构造具有一定光滑程度的合成曲面，满足局部设计和修改的目的。在作给出的具有公共三次曲线的NURBS曲面片G^1光滑拼接算法基础上，给出了具有公共三次曲线的NURBS曲面片G^2光滑拼接条件，得到了相应控制顶点、权系数的具体算法；对于一个已知NURBS曲面，构造另一个NURBS曲面，使其达到G^2拼接是简单易行的。     

Polynomial Representation of NURBS and Its Application to High Frequency Scattering Prediction

This article presents a method that uses physical optics (PO) techniques to compute the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large conducting objects modeled by non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces. At the beginning, a new algorithm to convert recursive B-spline basis function into piecewise polynomials in power form is presented. Then, algorithm computes the polynomial representation of B-spline basis functions and NURBS surface geometric parameters are obtained. The PO integral over NURBS surfaces of an electrically large conducting object is used to predict the object's RCS. The NURBS surface is divided into small piecewise polynomial parametric patches by isoparametric curves, and the PO integral expression over the parametric domain of each polynomial parametric patch is reduced to an analytical expression which permits an accurate and effective computation of the PO integral by using a modified Ludwig's algorithm. The RCS of the object can be obtained by adding up the PO integral contribution of each polynomial parametric patch. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical examples.     

开放式数控系统中五轴样条插补功能的实现方法(英文)

针对现行复杂曲面加工常采用的五轴联动线性插补方法速度精度较低且数控文件大等缺点,利用非均匀有理 B 样条(NURBS)曲线在表示空间曲线时具有的优势,提出了一种适合于五轴联动实时插补运算的双 NURBS 曲线指令格式。同时介绍了这种格式数控代码的生成过程。给出了在自行研制的开放式数控系统中实现其插补功能的方法。通过实例表明所提出的方法完全可以克服五轴线性插补方法的不足之处,并且是切实可行的。     

Realization Methodology of a 5-axis Spline Interpolator in an Open CNC System

By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.     

航空发动机风扇叶片伸根段造型设计与优化

探索了航空发动机风扇叶片伸根段造型的优化设计方法,利用它在保持叶身气动设计不变的情况下使风扇叶片振动特性得到改善。建立了基于非均匀有理B样条NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline)桥接曲线的伸根段造型方法,实现气动叶身与榫头侧面间的光滑连接;通过改变桥接曲线控制顶点的位置实现伸根段造型的参数化设计,并在相关假设条件的基础上提取了完全定义伸根段造型所需的8个设计变量;以风扇叶片共振裕度最大化作为伸根段设计目标,在径向基函数网络(RBFN)与粒子群(PSO)算法的基础上建立了伸根段造型优化设计流程,其原理是构造RBFN近似模型来逼近和预测风扇叶片共振裕度与伸根段设计变量间的隐式目标函数,在此基础上使用PSO算法搜索使共振裕度达到最大化的伸根段设计变量组合。结果表明:某大涵道比宽弦风扇叶片采用上述流程,通过优化伸根段造型使风扇叶片轴向一弯模态的自振频率得到提高,与转速3倍频激振间的共振裕度提高约2%。      

基于NURBS和梯度法的飞艇形状优化

采用非一致有理样条曲线(NURBS)作为飞艇外形参数化方法、基于梯度的优化方法、飞艇体积作为约束条件、飞艇的阻力系数作为目标函数的优化流程对平流层流动条件下的飞艇外形进行了优化.阻力系数通过求解二维黏性不可压缩流场获得,阻力不但包含了形状阻力也包括了黏性阻力.优化过程以LOTTE飞艇的形状为初始形状,优化的结果表明优化后飞艇的气动性能明显改善,阻力系数有了比较明显的降低.优化的结果也同时证明了该方法适用于飞艇的优化命题.      

Aerodynamic design optimization of nacelle/pylon position on an aircraft

The arbitrary space-shape free form deformation (FFD) method developed in this paper is based on non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis function and used for the integral parameterization of nacelle-pylon geometry. The multi-block structured grid deformation technique is established by Delaunay graph mapping method. The optimization objects of aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated by solving NavierStokes equations on the basis of multi-block structured grid. The advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized as search algorithm, which com-bines the Kriging model as surrogate model during optimization. The optimization system is used for optimizing the nacelle location of DLR-F6 wing-body-pylon-nacelle. The results indicate that the aerodynamic interference between the parts is significantly reduced. The optimization design system established in this paper has extensive applications and engineering value.     

基于人工蜂群算法与NURBS的吸附式叶型优化设计

为提高轴流压气机吸附式叶型优化设计的质量,设计了一套基于人工蜂群(ABC)算法和非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的自动优化设计系统.对人工蜂群算法的运行机制进行了深入分析,并与目前广泛使用的遗传算法(GA)进行了对比.对比发现人工蜂群算法可以更好地逼近全局最优值且收敛效率提高50%.使用NURBS对叶型进行参数化,并研究了参数化过程中的畸变问题.将抽吸参数与叶栅参数同时作为优化变量,使用该系统对一吸附式叶栅进行了优化.结果显示:抽吸槽设置在58.44%轴向弦长位置处流动损失下降明显,与优化前未抽吸叶型相比流动损失降低64.8%,气流分离得到有效抑制.     

Automated design methodology of turbulent internal flow using discrete adjoint formulation

An optimal shape design approach is presented for a subsonic S-shaped intake geometry using aerodynamic sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is performed for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations coupled with two-equation turbulence models using a discrete adjoint method. For code validation, the result of the flow solver is compared with experimental data and other computational results. Through the study on turbulence models and grid refinement, results from several turbulence models are compared and the minimal number of grid points yielding an accurate numerical solution is obtained. And, the adjoint sensitivity code is also validated by the comparison with complex step derivative results. To obtain a sufficient and flexible design space, NURBS equations are employed as a geometric representation and a new grid modification technique, Least Square NURBS Grid Approximation is applied. With the verified flow solver, sensitivity analysis code and geometric modification technique, the optimization of the S-shaped intake is carried out and the enhancement of overall intake performance is achieved. In addition, the off-design performance of a designed S-shaped intake is tested to confirm the robustness of the current design approach. As a result, the capability and efficiency of the present design tools are successfully demonstrated in three-dimensional high Reynolds subsonic intake design.     

某飞翼布局隐身飞行器的翼型优化

对某飞翼布局无人机的翼型进行考虑隐身迎角的气动、隐身综合优化研究。采用基于非均匀有理B样条曲线的自由变形方法实现翼型的参数化表达;无限插值动网格方法生成气动求解的计算网格;分别采用基于雷诺平均N—S方程求解的计算流体力学方法及物理光学法计算翼型的气动、隐身性能;选择多目标遗传算法进行综合寻优设计研究。优化翼型兼顾了气动与隐身的要求,其综合性能优于原翼型。结果表明,方法具有较好的实用性。     

高效气动优化设计方法

基于CFD方法开展气动外形优化设计通常计算量较大,采用离散共轭方法计算目标函数梯度,建立了高效的飞机气动优化设计系统。采用NURBS方法对翼剖面几何外形的扰动量进行参数化,避免了对原始外形的拟合,建立了基于NURBS方法的机翼剖面参数化方法。在复杂外形的优化设计中,动网格方法是关键技术之一,采用无限插值方法生成变形后的网格,并提出采用无限插值方法处理部件之间相贯线发生变化的情况。最后开展了翼身组合体+吊舱+挂架等复杂外形的优化设计,成功地减小了阻力,证明了方法的有效性。     

对称与非对称斜削耳片危险部位及应力强度因子的有限元分析

 采用多种有限元素进行有机组合建立有限元计算模型,模拟飞机结构中典型耳片接头的构型特征及载荷特征,进行考虑销钉与耳片之间配合间隙影响的非线性接触分析。分别通过无裂纹及含裂纹结构的计算研究,得到对称与非对称斜削耳片在不同方位载荷作用下的危险部位及相应含裂结构的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,给出覆盖面广的计算曲线,并分析研究其抗断裂特性。通过与现有文献比较表明,其数值结果精确,方法可靠。     

Intelligent NURBS Interpolator Based on the Adaptive Feedrate Control

首先分析了NURBS曲线的特点和NURBS曲线插补的参数值的求取方法;其次,在可控弓高误差算法的基础上,提出了一种简单而实用的NURBS曲线的自适应插补算法,该算法充分考虑到了机床的实际加工能力,对曲线段进行提前预插补,提前预插补减速所需的最大插补周期数,实现了进给速度提前减速,能使加工进给速度自适应地随着曲率半径和曲率半径的变化率的变化而变化,使得加工运动更平滑;并且该方法还避免了因加工曲线终点的判断而带来的复杂计算;最后给出了快速求取插补点的三次NURBS曲线动态矩阵表示和曲线曲率的快速计算方法。     

角速度可控的五坐标NURBS插补方法实现(英文)

在复杂形体零部件的高速高精数控加工方面,五坐标数控机床起着非常重要的作用。为了适应高速加工的需要,提出了一种用于机床五坐标加工的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)插补指令。采用该插补指令进行数控加工时,为了获取实时加工过程中的刀位矢量,开放式控制器以相邻刀位矢量间的夹角为参数构造方位B样条曲线。构造映射插补过程中位置曲线弧长和方位矢量角度的多项式曲线,利用该曲线实现线性轴速度及旋转轴速度的同步控制。详细介绍了该插补指令的算法流程及其在开放式控制器中的实现过程。最后,通过加工实例验证了该插补指令的性能。     

Dynamics response analysis of airborne external storage system with clearance between missile-frame

Considering the aircraft and its external components are subjected to complex and variable aerodynamic loads during the working process, the missile-frame clearance system of the airborne external missile is investigated. The random vibration characteristics of the airborne external components are analyzed by finite element method. The finite element model is optimized with reference to the test results, and the effects of different clearance on the dynamic response of the missile-frame system are compared. The result shows that the frequency response curves of the same position and the resonant peak frequencies are consistent under different clearances. The acceleration response at both ends of the missile is large and the amplitude near the center of mass is gentle. The results can be used to predict reasonable missile-frame clearance and make guidance to the structural design and reliability analysis of the missile-frame system.     

基于NURBS曲线的轴流透平叶片气动 数值优化

通过搭建适用于轴流式透平叶片气动数值优化的设计平台,对某NASA透平级动静叶片进行等熵效率、流量相对变化、落压比相对变化的多目标寻优.该平台包括三个核心模块: 叶片的参数化造型、流场气动性能评估、优化策略.采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线对叶片进行参数化拟合;针对叶片气动数值优化的多变量、多模态的特征,采用试验设计和遗传算法组合优化策略进行寻优.经过气动优化, 在设计工况点优化叶片性能较原始叶片有明显提高,为轴流式叶片的气动优化提供了可借鉴的措施.