Ni-24.19wt%Nb过共晶合金跃迁减速定向凝固下初生Ni_3Nb相的消失

对Ni-24.19%Nb过共晶合金在定向凝固速率10μm/s和跃迁减速定向凝固下的组织进行了研究,结果表明:凝固速率10μm/s下,合金中出现了初生Ni3Nb相的生长,并在凝固20mm后达到了准稳态,与最高界面生长温度假设的理论分析相一致.在从10μm/s跃迁减速到1μm/s过程中,界面上液相溶质的变化,造成了初生Ni3Nb相的含量先增加后减少,而初生相的消失,凝固组织变为全耦合生长的共晶组织,主要是由于初生相与共晶相相互竞争生长造成的.另外,初生相的消失也不是在同一个平面上均匀进行的,而是从试样的边缘向中心逐渐发展的.     

抽拉速率对Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2B合金的定向凝固组织的影响

采用亚快速定向凝固装置成功地制备了Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2B合金定向凝固试样,观察了不同凝固速率下的固液界面形貌、过渡区和稳态区凝固组织.实验结果表明,在2μm/s抽拉速率下,合金界面以胞状界面形态生长,全片层组织(γ+α2)取向与生长方向成0°和45°的夹角,合金凝固时的领先相为β相.在100μm/s凝固速率下,合金界面以枝状形态生长,全片层组织方向与生长方向的夹角为90°,领先相从β相转化为α相.通过将合金中Cr和Nb元素的含量折算成Al的含量,计算Ti-48.3Al合金中α和β相界面生长温度,发现凝固速率达到180μm/s时,领先相可由β相转变为α相,理论计算结果支持实验中的相选择转变过程.     

Cu-1.0% Cr亚共晶合金定向凝固组织演化

在定向凝固下计算和比较了Cu-1.0%Cr亚共晶合金组织中各相的界面生长温度,结果表明当定向凝同速率大于5αm/s时,α-Cu相的界面生长温度高于共晶组织,α-Cu相会作为初生相首先析出凝固,从而难以制备出全耦合生长的共晶组织的复合材料,计算获得的结果与实验结果相一致.另外随定向凝固速率的增加,初牛胞状α-Cu相一次枝晶间距和尖端半径以及共晶组织的体积分数都相应地减少,其中α-Cu相一次枝晶间距实验结果与KF一次枝晶间距模型计算结果较为接近.     

定向凝固Ni-44Ti-5Al-2Nb-1Mo合金的组织特征

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固方法制备了Ni-44Ti-5 Al-2 Nb-1 Mo(原子分数,％)合金,分析了加热温度为1 550℃,抽拉速率为0.3、1.2、3.0、6.0、18.0 mm/min时的定向凝固组织特征.结果表明,定向凝固没有改变合金的相组成,但改变了组成相的形态.定向凝固组织均由初生的NiTi相与晶间析出...     

定向凝固时热溶质对流对Al/AlLi共晶生长形态稳定性的影响

在垂直向上定向凝固条件下,研究了热溶质对流对二元亚共晶 Al-Li合金 Al/ Al Li共晶生长形态稳定性的影响。结果表明,晶体生长初期,热溶质对流较微弱,对界面形态稳定性无明显的影响,晶体以完全的Al/ Al Li共晶方式生长。当热溶质对流较强烈时,对界面形态稳定性产生严重的影响。平面界面失稳破开时,单相胞状晶领先生长。在单相胞状晶之间以 Al/ Al Li共晶方式生长。获得了二元亚共晶 Al-Li合金共晶的稳定性生长条件。     

电子束区熔定向凝固Nb基高温合金的组织和性能

研究了Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al-B-Y合金在电子束区熔炉上的定向凝固组织、室温断裂韧性和高温瞬时拉伸性能.合金的组织主要由Nb基固溶体(Nbss)、α-(Nb)5Si3和(Nb)3Si相组成.定向凝固后,初生Nbss枝晶以及Nbss α-(Nb)5Si3/(Nb)3Si层片状或棒状共晶团均沿着试棒轴线定向排列.当电子枪移动速率R=2.4 mm/min时,定向效果最好.定向凝固使合金在1250℃的拉伸强度及室温断裂韧性均显著提高.R=2.4 mm/min试棒的抗拉强度最高,达85.0 MPa,同时其室温断裂韧性也达到19.4 MPa·m1/2.     

Hf和Zr在高温材料中作用机理研究

在高温合金中,元素Hf和Zr可以促进γ γ′共晶、MC(2)碳化物、M2SC碳硫化物和Ni5M相的形成,改变草书状MC和M3B2成为块状并且通过净化晶界或枝晶间自由态的S来提高这些薄弱部位的结合强度,从而延迟裂纹的形成和扩展.Hf和Zr可提高铸造高温合金室温拉伸和中温持久的强度和塑性.Hf,Zr抑制次生碳化物M23C6和M6C的生成,从而提高了合金在高温长时热暴露时的显微组织稳定性.Hf,Zr降低合金的初熔温度,Ni5Hf和Ni5Zr相的初熔被认为是Hf,Zr影响初熔的主要原因.通过1150℃/8h的预处理,Ni5Hf以Ni5Hf γ(C)→MC(2) γ反应或者固溶两种方式被消除.元素Hf可以缩小枝晶间失去毛细管补缩能力和固相线之间的温度范围,还能降低枝晶间液池沟通所需的液体量.在凝固后期枝晶间的富Hf熔体具有很好的流动性、浸润性和趋肤效应,这些都是降低合金热裂倾向、提高合金可铸性和焊接性能的有利因素.具有高的化学活性的富Hf液膜容易在铸件表面形成Hf2O薄层.Hf和Zr是钎焊用中间层合金的降熔点元素.根据凝固过程中富Hf,Zr熔体的成分最终发展出Ni-18.6Co-4.5Cr-4.7W-25.6Hf和Ni-10Co-8Cr-4W-13Zr两种中间层合金,使单晶高温合金的无Si、B连接成为现实.还发展出了定向凝固片状Ni3Al/Ni7Hf2共晶合金,成分为Ni-5.8Al-32Hf和Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W.Ni-5.8Al-32Hf合金的最佳凝固条件为温度梯度G=250℃·cm-1和凝固生长速率R=5μm·s-1;Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W,凝固条件为G=350℃·cm-1和R=1μm·s-1.     

凝固冷速对铸造镍基高温合金K417G显微组织的影响

对铸造镍基高温合金K417G进行了不同冷却速率的凝固试验,并对凝固后的试样进行了光学金相和定量金相分析,研究了凝固冷速对合金显微组织的影响,通过线性回归的方法确定了平均枝晶间距与凝固冷速的关系.结果表明:凝固冷速增大明显细化树枝晶、MC碳化物和(γ γ′)共晶.冷速对MC碳化物的量影响不大,但对(γ γ′)共晶量有明显影响,过快和过慢的冷速都能引起(γ γ′)共晶量增加.K417G合金的平均枝晶间距(λ/μm)与凝固时冷速(V/℃·s-1)存在λ=85.1V-0.35的对应关系,根据该关系式可以通过测量铸件不同部位的平均枝晶大小确定该部位凝固时的冷却速率.     

凝固参数对定向镍基铸造高温合金中MC碳化物生长特性的影响

本文研究了定向凝固条件下凝固参数对一种镍基铸造高温合金中MC碳化物的形态、数量和分布的影响。在冷却速率很小的平面界面下,少量MC呈块状八面体;当界面转化为胞状时,MC在胞晶间呈长条状或鱼骨状;对于冷却速率较大的树枝状组织,MC则呈粗大的汉字体或较完整的花瓣状。在合金凝固形态由平面状向树枝状的转化过程中,合金中MC碳化物的数量急剧增多。     

直流电场对Al-4．5％Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

对在不同电流密度的直流电场作用下Al-4.5%Cu合金定向凝固组织的变化进行了研究.结果表明,电流有促进Al-4.5%Cu合金定向凝固柱状枝晶生长的倾向.随着电流密度的增大,定向凝固的枝晶组织中二次枝晶明显细化,θ(CuAl2)相含量进一步增加.结合电流对凝固过程中固-液界面温度梯度和溶质再分配的影响,对实验结果进行了分析.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.