沉积温度对TC4钛合金表面辉光离子渗Mo层组织和耐磨性能的影响

利用辉光离子渗的方法,在TC4钛合金表面沉积Mo耐磨涂层。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机研究了沉积温度(850℃,950℃和1050℃)对Mo涂层的组织结构、耐磨性能及磨损机制的影响。结果表明:涂层由Mo外层和互扩散区组成,互扩散区主要为Mo-Ti固溶体相;随着沉积温度的升高,Mo涂层的生长速率增加,但平均晶粒尺寸增大,因而硬度、耐磨性能降低;纯滑动干摩擦载荷为98N时,950℃/5h沉积所形成Mo涂层的磨损速率约为TC4钛合金的1/45。     

热轧态Ti2AlNb合金超塑性变形行为的研究

研究了热轧态Ti2AlNb合金在1193～1233K温度范围内和1×10-5～5×10-4s-1应变速率范围内的超塑性变形行为.结果表明,在上述试验条件下Ti2AlNb合金表现出良好的超塑性,最高延伸率超过600%;合金具有较高的应变速率敏感指数,计算得到Ti2AlNb合金超塑性变形的表观激活能为283.05kJ·mol-1.此时Ti2AlNb合金超塑性变形主要是受晶格扩散所控制的晶界滑动机制,动态再结晶是合金超塑性变形的重要协同机制.     

O相合金Ti2AlNb的超塑性研究进展

以O相为基础的Ti2AlNb合金具有高的比强度、比刚度以及良好的高温蠕变性能和抗氧化性能,己经成为最具潜力的航空航天高温结构材料.在其实用化进程中,超塑成形是该材料成形加工形成制件的理想工艺.本文综述了Ti2AlNb基合金材料超塑性研究的最新进展,对其超塑变形中的组织特征和变形机制进行了详细讨论.最后,展望了Ti2AlNb基合金超塑性加工未来的发展趋势.     

Nb＋Ni中间层对Ti2AlNb与GH4169扩散连接接头组织与性能影响

在950～1100℃,20MPa,20～120min的工艺条件下,添加厚度均为10μm的Ni+Nb为中间层,对Ti2AlNb与GH4169真空扩散连接工艺进行了研究.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对接头截面和断口的成分和相组成进行了分析.结果表明,添加Ni+Nb做中间层能实现Ti2AlNb与GH4169良好的连接.在GH4169与Ti2AlNb之间生成6层反应层,自GH4169侧依次为:Fe-Ni-Cr固溶体,Ni3Nb,Ni6Nb7,残留Nb层、Ti-Nb固溶体、高铌O相.在剪切试验中,接头沿Ni3Nb层与Nb层之间的Ni6Nb7层断裂.在1050℃,20MPa,40min工艺条件下,剪切强度达到最高,为460MPa.     

MoSi2 涂层高温抗氧化性能和微观组织

采用真空阴极电弧沉积工艺在铌钨合金喷管内、外表面和铌钨合金试样表面沉积了Mo层,采用真空包渗工艺使Mo层硅化生成MoSi2涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱、XRD、金相显微镜对Mo层和MoSi2涂层表面和断面微观形貌、结构进行了分析。分析表明:MoSi2涂层的相结构由外向内大致可分为外层(MoSi2)、中间层(NbSi2)和过渡层(Nb5Si3)。高温抗氧化试验结果表明:MoSi2涂层在大气环境下1 800℃的静态抗氧化性能达到了30 h,室温至1 700℃循环热震1 376次。考核热试车情况:发动机在温度1 450℃累计工作了415s,在1 610℃工作了100 s,涂层状况完好。     

Ti2AlNb基合金的研究进展

着重介绍了Ti2AlNb基合金的成分、显微组织及性能，综述了合金元素及热处理工艺对Ti2Al-Nb基合金组织性能的影响，介绍了Ti2AlNb基合金熔炼凝固特性，并展望Ti2AlNb基合金的未来。     

Ti2AlNb基合金的ISM熔炼研究

讨论了Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼特点,概括介绍了真空水冷铜坩埚感应凝壳熔炼的设备结构原理和工艺技术,结合Ti2AlNb基合金的熔炼实践,研究了合金元素的加入形式、熔炼室真空度对合金铸锭的均匀性以及合金中Al挥发烧损的影响规律。结果表明:采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应凝壳熔炼Ti2AlNb基合金,合金铸锭成分均匀性很好,随着熔炼工艺的不同,Al挥发烧损在5％～10％（质量分数）之间。     

不同热处理制度下Ti–22Al–25Nb合金惯性摩擦焊接头显微组织分析

采用惯性摩擦焊连接Ti2AlNb合金,分析了焊态和热处理后焊接接头的组织变化,研究了不同热处理制度对Ti2AlNb合金惯性摩擦焊接头显微组织的影响.结果表明:利用惯性摩擦焊技术可获得无缺陷、焊缝状态良好的Ti–22Al–25Nb合金焊接接头;温度和热处理时间共同决定了焊合区O相的数量和尺寸的变化,但是相比时间的变化,热...     

Ti2AlNb基合金钎焊性研究

研究了不同钎焊工艺对Ti2AlNb合金接头组织的影响.选取Ti-Cu-Zr-Ni粉末钎料,在不同的钎焊温度和保温时间钎焊,采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱对接头的组织研究.结果表明:接头组织与母材组织相差较大,中间有双相脆性中间层组织产生.延长钎焊时间,接头中间层化合物分解,接头组织为平衡相(B2+α2).焊缝间隙对接头焊合率影响明显,室温接头抗拉强度达到母材强度70%.     

TA2/Ni+Nb中间层/1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头的组织与性能

采用50μm纯Ni箔+10μm纯Nb箔复合中间层,在焊接温度840℃,880℃和920℃,压力4MPa以及保温时间60min的工艺下,对工业纯钛TA2和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了真空扩散焊实验,测试了接头的抗拉强度,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对接头的组织结构、元素分布以及断口形貌和相组成进行了分析。结果表明:Ni+Nb复合中间层的存在成功阻止了Fe,Ti互扩散,实现了TA2与1Cr18Ni9Ti的可靠连接,接头的拉伸强度达到261MPa,该强度主要受剩余Ni箔控制,且焊接温度的变化对其影响不大。接头所生成反应层自不锈钢一侧起分别为FeCrNi固溶体、剩余Ni,Ni3Nb,剩余Nb以及TiNb魏氏体。     

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook (TANH) constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables (i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature) implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments, which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.     

Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of NiTiNb Shape Memory Alloys

NiTiNb shape memory alloys have attracted much attention in pipe coupling or sealing system because of their large transformation hysteresis upon a proper pre-deformation. In order to clarify the effects of adding Nb on the mechanical properties as well as the transformation behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys, Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys with different microstructures but with similar martensitic transformation start temperature, are prepared. Comparative studies on the microstructures, mechanical properties and transformation characteristics are conducted by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), phase transformation measurements and mechanical property tests. It is found that Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys possess similar transformation hysteresis in the as-annealed state. However, the presence of Nb and its status exerts important effects on the mechanical properties, especially the yield strength and the yield behavior of the alloys. Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloy exhibits remarkable increase in the yield strength than the Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ alloy. The transformation hysteresis of both alloys under pre-deformation is characterized and the relative mechanism is discussed.     

激光熔化沉积TA15+Ti_2AlNb合金的组织与力学性能

将TA15和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末以不同比例预混,采用激光熔化沉积工艺,制备出40%TA15+60%Ti_2AlNb,50%TA15+50%Ti_2AlNb,60%TA15+40%Ti_2AlNb(质量分数)3种比例的合金薄壁,分析了薄壁的成分、组织及力学性能。结果表明:3种沉积薄壁的成分分布均匀,合金由α相、α2相及β/B2相组成,针状α相和α2相呈网篮状分布在初生β/B2晶粒内部;3种合金的抗拉强度分别为1108 MPa,1071 MPa,1105 MPa,断裂伸长率分别为3.0%,2.2%,3.8%;拉伸断口可见沿α2相撕裂产生的撕裂棱,断裂方式均为准解理断裂。     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

定向凝固Ni-44Ti-5Al-2Nb-1Mo合金的组织特征

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固方法制备了Ni-44Ti-5 Al-2 Nb-1 Mo(原子分数,％)合金,分析了加热温度为1 550℃,抽拉速率为0.3、1.2、3.0、6.0、18.0 mm/min时的定向凝固组织特征.结果表明,定向凝固没有改变合金的相组成,但改变了组成相的形态.定向凝固组织均由初生的NiTi相与晶间析出...     

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

热轧对Ti50Ni50-xAlx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金微观组织、相变和力学性能的影响

形状记忆合金的相变和力学性能受机械加工过程影响明显.在850℃下将Ti50Ni50-xAIx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金轧制成为板材.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射对合金的微观结构研究表明:合金由NiTi相和Ti2Ni相组成,Al元素在Ti2Ni相中的固溶度比在TiNi相中高.差示扫描量热分析和电阻-温度测试表明...     

TiNiFeNb形状记忆合金的组织结构及相变特性

通过向TisoNiso合金中加入Fe和Nb元素,制备出一种四元Ti49Ni50-xFexNb1形状记忆合金.采用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射的方法,测试和分析了合金的相结构及微观组织形态,采用电阻法系统研究了合金的相变特性.结果表明:Nb元素的加入并没有改变TiNiFe合金的B2结构,仅导致了广极少量的富Nb相在基体中析...