中药在改善模拟失重兔主要脏器形态学变化中的作用

通过实验探讨中药作为一种新的防护措施的可能性。实验动物为53只白兔, 用头低位悬吊方法模拟失重, 时间7天。实验前将兔分为四组:对照组, 悬吊组, 川芎组, 丹黄组, 实验中分别喂水或喂中药。实验后取脑、心、肺、肾、腹主动脉、比目鱼肌等6个脏器制片, 进行组织学观察。结果是两种中药均有改善模拟失重兔主要脏器血循环和组织结构的作用, 丹黄合剂的作用优于川芎。这说明中药作为一种新的防护措施是有希望的。      

基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位自校准方法

针对半球谐振陀螺的零位漂移问题,本文研究了基于模态反转电路控制技术的零位自校准方法。首先,从动力学模型引入阻尼不对称、频率裂解等非理想因素,讨论半球谐振陀螺的工作机理及驻波漂移特性。其次,通过理论分析模态反转的零位校准以及虚拟进动控制的模态反转技术。最后,基于FPGA数字控制平台,设计并实现了半球谐振陀螺零位自校准半实物仿真实验。实验结果表明,基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位校准,实现了半球谐振陀螺的零位从15 降低至2 ,短期零偏稳定性和长期稳定性也分别提高了11.8％和45.86％,有效地抑制了零位漂移,提高了半球谐振陀螺测量精度。     

A REPORT OF GROUND EXPERIMENTS FOR BRAIN FUNCTION IN SPACE

The brain function is of crucial importance in space adaptation and astronaut performance. According to the theory of nonequiliblium fluctuations a new technology, ET (Elec-troencephalofluctuography [EEFG] Technology), has been developed in our laboratory for space application. Information of different attracters, especially the dominant supra-slow (S) oscillations of the brain can be abstracted from the fluctuating brain waves. Specific Sspectral lines related to neurophysiological and neuro-chemical activities have been identified and charcteristic spatial patterns have been figured out. ETanalysis has been carried out in a series of ground experiments: (1) 20 degrees head lowered suspension experiments in rabbits; (2) 2Gz hypergravity experiments in rabbits; (3) effects of antimotionsickness drugs on rabbits during suspension; (4) clincal observations on patients with brain circulation diseases. Valuable information has been collected in all these experiments, which can hardly be obtained by means of other existing techniques. The potentiality of ETapplication in space research was discussed.      

赤道地区热层纬向风反转时间和风速的经度分布差异

使用CHAMP卫星观测资料和TIEGCM模拟数据,研究了太阳活动低年春秋分季节赤道地区热层纬向风的反转时间和风速在经度分布上的差异,重点分析了离子拖曳力在不同地磁场构型下对纬向风速地理经度分布的影响.研究发现,纬向风一般在清晨时段由东向转为西向,下午时段由西向转为东向,但反转时间存在明显的经度差异,最大经度差异可达1....     

H.264中多参考帧快速运动估计算法

针对H.264的运动估计计算量太大的问题,通过研究并验证视频多帧参考时的运动连续性,提出了一种基于有效区域的快速运动估计算法(VRF,Valid-Region-based Fast Motion Estimation). 该算法在第一个参考帧中用三步搜索(3SS,3-Step Search)快速估计整像素精度运动矢量, 并以此定义一个有效区域, 参考其它帧时, 在该有效区域内作改进的3SS估计; 然后选择最佳参考帧; 最后在所选择的最佳参考帧的有效区域内作全搜索和相应的分数像素精度估计. 实验证明, 和H.264全搜索相比, 本算法的运动估计搜索点数降低了82%以上, 而恢复质量(用峰值信噪比(PSNR,Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)表征)平均只下降0.24 dB,且码速率只增加8.81%; 和另一个经典的帧选择快速算法相比, 本算法的搜索点数降低了39%,且码速率平均下降了5.17%, 而恢复质量只下降0.08 dB.      

Estimates of vertical land motion along the southwestern coasts of Turkey from coastal altimetry and tide gauge data

The differences between coastal altimetry and sea level time series of tide gauges in between March 1993 and December 2009 are used to estimate the rates of vertical land motion at three tide gauge locations along the southwestern coasts of Turkey. The CTOH/LEGOS along-track coastal altimetry retrieves altimetric sea level anomalies closer to the coast than the standard along-track altimetry products. However, the use of altimetry very close to the coast is not found to improve the results. On the contrary, the gridded and interpolated AVISO merged product exhibits the best agreement with tide gauge data as it provides the smoothest variability both in space and time compared with along track altimetry data. The Antalya gauge to the south (in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Mentes/Izmir gauge to the west (in the Aegean Sea) both show subsidence while the Bodrum tide gauge to the south (in the Aegean Sea) shows no significant vertical land motion. The results are compared and assessed with three independent geophysical vertical land motion estimates like from GPS. The GIA effect in the region is negligible. The VLM estimates from altimetry and tide gauge data are in good agreement both with GPS derived vertical velocity estimates and those inferred from geological and archaeological investigations.     

面向扑翼翼面运动参数的优化设计

扑翼机的飞行依赖于扑翼翼面的运动,经过优化的运动策略能够使特定翼面发挥最佳的气动性能。然而目前扑翼机设计中缺乏有效的运动参数优化方法,无法针对给定机翼确定一组最优运动参数。采用非定常涡格法(UVLM)计算扑翼气动力,与现有的实验数据进行对比,验证了气动力计算方法的准确性。基于DIRECT(矩形分割)全局优化算法,以最大化推进效率为特定优化目标,对扑翼运动参数进行了迭代优化。结果表明,通过该优化算法能够得到最优扑翼运动参数,有效提高特定气动性能;应用优化算法计算得到的平均推力与基准运动的平均推力相比,在数值上有1.04倍的提高。在设计过程中,降低气动力约束有利于扑翼运动优化,使给定扑翼翼面具有更大的推进效率,无气动力约束的最大推进效率与基准运动的推进效率相比提高了46.8%。     

Evaluation of substorm models with Cluster observations of plasma flow reversal in the magnetotail

We evaluate two prevailing substorm models with an event of plasma flow reversal from tailward to Earthward detected by Cluster at the downstream distance of ∼19 R_E in the magnetotail during a substorm on August 22, 2001. We use the unique capability of Cluster measurements in determining gradients to examine the associated current density, Lorentz force, and current dissipation/dynamo term. In association with plasma flow reversal, it is found that (1) there was no clear quadrupole magnetic perturbation signature, (2) the x-component of the Lorentz force did not change sign, (3) the y-component of the product of the current density and the electric field was occasionally negative indicative of a dynamo effect, and (4) the timing sequence of flow reversal from the Cluster configuration did not match tailward motion of a single plasma flow source. These observations are consistent with the near-Earth initiation model for substorms with multiple current disruption sites moving progressively tailward near the late stage of substorm expansion.     

运动信息引导的目标检测算法

在室外监控视频的场景下,由于场景的复杂性及目标的多样性,监控视频中的目标存在难以检测的情况,如目标被遮挡、目标尺寸变化等,目标检测任务仍然存在挑战。基于此,提出了一种利用运动信息引导基于卷积神经网络的目标检测算法来提高目标检测的准确率。对运动目标检测算法进行一定的改进,使得到的运动前景图中能够保持静止目标前景的存在;利用运动前景图中的前景可以指示目标空间位置的特点,在特征层面将网络提取的特征图与获取的以运动前景图为主的运动信息相融合,提高特征图可能存在目标区域的响应值;在目标检测算法的检测器中,引入一个定位分支,利用视频帧的运动前景图,学习候选目标的定位置信度,并与目标的分类置信度加权求和,作为目标最终的置信度,再通过非极大值抑制方法得到检测结果。实验证明,在固定摄像机下采集的数据集中,所提算法能够提升目标检测的准确率。     

人机协作中人的动作终点预测

为实现安全高效的人机协作（HRC）,需要机器人及时对人的动作做出预测,从而积极主动地辅助人工作。为解决在HRC装配场景中机器人对人的动作终点预测问题,提出了一种基于长短时记忆（LSTM）网络的动作终点预测方法。在训练阶段,用人的动作序列与对应的动作终点组成的样本训练LSTM网络,构建动作序列与动作终点之间的映射。在应用阶段,根据人的动作的初始部分对动作终点提前做出预测。通过在装配场景中,对人抓取工具或零件的动作终点进行预测,验证了所提方法的有效性。在观测到50%的动作片段时,预测准确率达到80%以上。      

航天“血淤症”及其防护措施

根据实验结果及国外有关资料证明,失重或模拟失重时人和动物血循环系统的紊乱和中医“血淤症”时的变化十分相似,提出我国“活血化淤”中药有可能成为防止失重血循环紊乱的一种有效药物的看法。     

H.264中多模式运动估计算法优化

针对H.264标准的多模式运动估计算法编码模式复杂、计算量大的不足,通过对H.264参考模型JM10中运动估计算法的分析,提出了一种利用时间、空间相关性的模式选择算法和结合一维绝对差值和(SAD,Sum of Absolute Difference)的高效匹配准则,将串行全搜索的运动估计算法改进为并行部分搜索的运动估计算法,把一维SAD和二维SAD匹配准则结合使用,从模式选择和编码速度两个方面对原算法进行优化.实验结果表明:与参考模型JM10的运动估计算法相比,提出的优化算法在恢复质量(用峰值信噪比表征)平均下降0.03 dB、码速率增加不超过1.5%的前提下,编码速率提高20%~30%,表明了该算法在恢复质量略有下降的情况下明显提高了编码速度.      

Initial ground experiments of silkworm cultures living on different feedstock for provision of high quality animal protein for human in space

Silkworm could be an alternative to provide edible animal protein in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for long-term manned space missions. Silkworms can consume non-edible plant residue and convert plant nutrients to high quality edible animal protein for astronauts. The preliminary investigation of silkworm culture was carried out in earth environment. The silkworms were fed with artificial silkworm diet and the leaves of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) separately and the nutritional structure of silkworm was investigated and compared, The culture experiments showed that: (1) Stem lettuce leaves could be used as food of silkworm. The protein content of silkworm fed with lettuce leaves can reach 70% of dry mass. (2) The protein content of silkworm powder produced by the fifth instar silkworm larvae was 70%, which was similar to the protein content of silkworm pupae. The powder of the fifth instar silkworm larvae can be utilized by astronaut. (3) The biotransformation rate of silkworm larvae between the third instar and the fifth instar could reach above 70%. The biotransformation cycle of silkworm was determined as 24 days. (4) Using the stem lettuce leaves to raise silkworm, the coarse fiber content of silkworm excrements reached about 33%. The requirements of space silkworm culture equipment, feeding approaches and feeding conditions were also preliminarily designed and calculated. It is estimated that 2.2 m³ of culture space could satisfy daily animal protein demand for seven astronauts.     

基于Pareto遗传算法的复合材料机翼优化设计

针对某型飞机设计过程中遇到的副翼反效问题,提出了复合材料机翼满足气动弹性要求的优 化方法,构造了一种基于Pareto最优解定义的多目标遗传算法——Pareto遗传算法.该算法 以权重信息为基础建立Pareto解集过滤器,引入小生境技术等实现Pareto前沿面的求解.测 试函数计算表明该算法有较好的收敛性.以复合材料机翼的升力系数和滚转力矩系数为目标 函数,采用Pareto遗传算法进行计算得出一组Pareto最优解集,计算结果表明,给出的方案 能够满足工程需求,为决策者提供了多种可选方案.      

An empirical approach to predicting the key parameters for a sunspot number cycle

The common methodologies used to predict the smooth sunspot number (SSN) at peak (Rmax) and the rise time (Tr) for a cycle are noted. The estimates based on geomagnetic precursors give the best prediction of Rmax for five SSN cycles (20–24). In particular, an empirical technique invoking three-cycle quasi-periodicity (TCQP) in Ap index has made accurate predictions of Rmax and Tr for two consecutive SSN cycles (23 and 24). The dynamo theories are unable to account for TCQP. If it endures in the 21st century the Sun shall enter a Dalton-like grand minimum. It was a period of global cooling. The current status of the ascending phase of cycle 24 is described and the delayed reversal of the solar polar field reversal in the southern hemisphere in September 2013 is noted.     

Spatio-temporal structure of the wave packets generated by the solar terminator

Using long-term (1998--2009) total electron content (TEC) measurements from the GPS global network including dense network of GPS sites in USA and Japan, we have obtained the first data regarding the spatio-temporal structure and the statistics of medium-scale traveling wave packets (MS TWPs) excited by the solar terminator (ST). Total amount of the detected TWPs exceeds 565,000. There is no correlation between TWPs occurrence and geomagnetic and solar activity. We found that the diurnal, seasonal and spectral MS TWPs characteristics are specified by the solar terminator (ST) dynamics. MS TWPs are the chains of narrow-band TEC oscillations with single packet’s duration of about 1–2 h and oscillation periods of 10–20 min. The total duration of chain is about 4–6 h. The MS TWPs spatial structure is characterized by a high degree of anisotropy and coherence at the distance of more than 10 wavelengths. Occurrence rate of daytime MS TWPs is high in winter and during equinoxes. Occurrence rate of nighttime MS TWPs has its peak in summer. These features are consistent with previous MS travelling ionosphere disturbance (TID) statistics obtained from 630-nm airglow imaging observations in Japan. In winter, MS TWPs in the northern hemisphere are observed 3–4 h after the morning ST passage. In summer, MS TWPs are detected 1.5–2 h before the evening ST appearance at the point of observations, but at the moment of the evening ST passage in the magneto-conjugate point. The obtained results are the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis of the ST-generated ion sound waves.     

航天器近距离相对运动的轨迹偏差分析

利用相对可达区(RRD)的概念对航天器在脉冲闭环控制方式下相对运动的轨迹偏差进行了分析。相对可达区是对航天器可能出现位置集合的一种几何描述。当航天器的状态误差服从高斯分布时,相对可达区可表示为随时间变化的误差椭球的集合。考虑航天器飞行过程中存在的不确定性因素,基于闭环控制系统下线性化的相对运动动力学模型,采用协方差分析描述函数法(CADET)对定义航天器误差椭球的协方差矩阵进行了分析,给出了根据协方差矩阵求解相对可达区包络的计算方法。通过将开环和闭环控制系统下的相对可达区包络与1 000次的Monte Carlo仿真结果进行比较,证明了偏差分析方法的适用性与有效性。     

基于支持向量机的飞行器多余物信号识别

针对飞行器控制电路在生产制造过程中可能引入金属线头等微小多余物,从而留下短路等安全隐患的问题,提出了一种基于微粒碰撞噪声检测（PIND）的飞行器多余物材质识别方法。首先,利用短时自相关函数提取PIND信号的脉冲部分;然后,提取多种时频域统计特征,并与梅尔频率倒谱系数（MFCC）特征结合起来;最后,训练多分类支持向量机模型实现材质分类。为验证所提方法的有效性,采集了3种不同材质多余物的PIND信号进行模型训练及测试,实验结果表明,所提方法材质识别准确率达98%,优于同类方法的相关结果。      

猫半规管破坏后线性加速度作用下耳石反应特点

本文研究线性加速度作用下,猫半规管阻塞前后前庭-眼动反射、前庭-脊髓反射和姿态平衡的反应特性。发现猫手术前和双侧半规管阻塞后耳石-眼动反应的功率谱和相对增益无显著性差异,脊髓反射H波幅变化在不同加速度刺激下有相似的反应模式。单侧半规管阻塞后,前庭-眼动反射表现明显不对称,H波幅改变与线性加速度无关,反映出半规管功能不对称也引起耳石功能不对称。本文提出潜在性耳石半规管功能不平衡可能是空间前庭功能障碍的重要原因。