An Assessment of the 1990 Digital/Electric Airplane

The application of advanced systems technology has shown increasing promise for significant potential gains in airplane performance and efficiency. In late 1983, NASA initiated the integrated Digital/Electric Aicrat (IDEA) study programs to determine the impact of extensive use of advanced electrical and digital systems on future aircraft. The first objective of the IDEA program was the broad evaluation of improvements in airplane performance and economics resulting from the integrated introduction of digital controls and advanced electrical systems. The second program objective was the definition of research and development areas required to achieve the projected improvements. A baseline configuration was compared to the new IDEA configurations in terms of economic performance, fuel efficiency, and significant system and airplane configuration characteristics. Important factors (weight, reliability, maintainability, cost, performance, survivability, and environmental constraints) were determined and compared to form the basis for recommending the research and development necessary to implement IDEA concepts. Based on these developmental needs, research programs were recommended for high-risk, high-payoff areas appropriate for implementation under NASA leadership. The 1990 Baseline configuration represents a 6% to 8% fuel burn improvement over current technology. When compared to the 1990 Baseline airplane, the IDEA airplane systems showed a 1.8% improvement in direct operating cost (DOC) and a 3% improvement in fuel burn performance. In addition, significant economic improvement was apparent when the total operating cost was included.     

基于单神经元自适应PID的摩擦试验机电惯量系统的研究

为了保障飞机刹车性能,对于飞机刹车材料摩擦性能的测试准确度要求很高.因此,需要设计出一个良好摩擦试验机系统.本文将神经网络与常规PID调节器控制相结合,产生一种单神经元自适应PID控制器,并应用于摩擦试验机电惯量系统.根据电惯量系统建立仿真模型,验证改变转矩电流分量的电流环给定电压来实现电惯量的可行性,通过突加负载和改变转速给定来研究加入单神经元自适应控制器后系统的控制效果.     

新能源电动飞机发展与挑战

发展绿色航空是人类社会形成的基本共识,新能源电动飞机为实现彻底的绿色航空提供了一条光明的技术途径。简述了航空对环境的影响、电在飞机上的应用及电动飞机的发展历程,对新能源电动飞机的能源分类、电推进系统及其总体效率进行了研究,重点针对载人轻型运动飞机,分析了电动飞机的发展现状、特征以及能源需求,通过对电池作为能源的载人电动飞机的航程和极限航程研究,提出了电池能量密度提升和性能改进、高升阻比空气动力设计、低成本轻质高效复合材料结构设计与制造、高效率电推进系统设计与集成等电动飞机发展面临的挑战,给出了应大力发展电动飞机的建议和本领域未来的研究方向。     

The Evolving Revolutionary All-Electric Airplane

The "all-electric airplane" is described as it would apply to a military fighter. Emphasis is placed on implementation issues, on the mutual influence between all-electric and airframe design, and on the cost of ownership. It finishes with a projection of what an all-electric airplane might actually be like.     

发动机技术进步对飞机先进性的重要作用

推进技术的创新曾经是空中运输进步的基本推动力.研制大型客机,必须认识发动机技术进步对飞机性能先进性的重要作用.以用于波音公司B787梦幻飞机的美国通用电气公司(GE)的GEnx发动机为例,分析发动机技术先进性对飞机高效、低污染、智能化、低成本和舒适性的作用.最后从国外的技术发展途径,提出发展我国发动机技术的一些想法.      

机载导航技术的发展现状与趋势分析

针对飞机作战能力提升需求,分析了机载导航系统面临的机遇与挑战,通过分析我国机载导航技术现状,定位我国机载导航技术与国际先进水平的差距,并就未来机载导航技术的发展趋势进行了展望与讨论。     

"Electric Airplane" Environmental Control Systems Energy Requirements

The "electric airplane" environmental control system (ECS) design drivers is discussed for an electric airplane from two aspects. The first aspect considered is the type of aircraft. The three examples selected are the 150-passenger commercial airline transport, the military on-station electronic-surveillance patrol aircraft, and the air-defense interceptor fighter. These vehicle examples illustrate the effect of both mission and mission profile on the design requirements of the ECS and the differences that the requirements make on the resulting advantages and disadvantages of electrification. For the commercial transport, the selection of the air source for ventilation will be featured. For the patrol aircraft, the cooling unit will be evaluated. For the fighter, emphasis will be placed on the need for systems integration. The second and more important consideration is the definition of the environmental control system requirements for both energy supply and heat sink thermal management integration from the power plant (engine) that make an electric ECS viable for each type of vehicle.     

展示样机客舱设计理念与设计技术研究

展示样机是型号客机在设计初期,为向客户展示所设计客机客舱及驾驶舱先进、合理的布局设计、独具创意的内设系统,展示客机舒适性和先进性的特色而设计,对客机的设计、销售来讲意义重大。阐述了客机展示样机客舱的设计理念及设计技术,以期对未来系列性飞机的发展提供技术支持。     

飞机铆接电阻专用测量仪的研制

飞机铆接电阻专用测量仪是用于测量飞机铆接部件接触质量的专用仪器,它对保证飞机机载电子设备和通讯系统正常工作具有重要作用,在飞机维护中也常常要检测机体电阻是否符合要求.本文介绍了该测量仪的研制目的、工作原理和电路组成.     

新型民用客机水系统选型研究

民用飞机水系统的功能是在飞行中为机上乘客提供饮用水、盥洗用水和马桶冲洗用水。水系统作为飞机上与乘客生活息息相关的系统,舒适性的要求越来越被关注。目前,飞机上使用的水系统方案各式各样,对于不同的飞机需求,各种方案各有各的特点。针对国际新型飞机上已经开始采用的水系统的各种方案进行了权衡研究,重点研究了水系统几种控制方式的优缺点以及机电综合控制技术作为新技术在新型民用飞机上的应用,同时介绍了灰水的几种处理方式、比较常用的几种水龙头以及其优缺点分析。针对某种飞机型号,根据飞机的市场定位和需求,介绍了如何选择一套合适的系统方案,来提高该飞机的经济性和实用性,为我国民用飞机水系统的研制提供一定的参考。     

Analysis and tuning of a ‘Total Energy Control System’ control law using eigenstructure assignment

The Total Energy Control System (TECS) is a complete airplane longitudinal dynamics flight control concept for autopilot operational control modes and Fly-By-Wire command augmentation for civil airplanes. Unlike conventional strategies, it facilitates fully integrated control of the airplane elevator and engines. This system, which is based on simple proportional and integral control of the energy states of the airplane, is much easier to design and understand than most conventional airplane controllers.This paper describes why the high visibility of the two input, two output command augmentation structure of TECS is an improvement over current flight control system architectures. Deriving a control law for TECS is currently a heuristic process. However, there is potential for tuning to be done more systematically, and this is examined by using eigenstructure analysis and assignment. To illustrate the concepts, a linear model of the longitudinal dynamics of the Aerospace Technologies Demonstrator (ATD) airplane is used. A heuristically designed TECS controller for this model is first described. The controlled airplane is then analysed using eigenstructure analysis and the results are utilised to produce an improved TECS controller for the ATD model using eigenstructure assignment.     

基于弹性小波神经网络的故障诊断研究

航空电源系统是机上设备的重要组成部分,任意一个环节出现故障,将会影响整个飞机系统的正常安全运行。针对神经网络收敛速度慢,易陷入局部最小的缺点,将小波神经网络结合弹性BP算法应用到电源系统故障诊断中。训练过程及仿真结果表明：小波神经网络故障诊断算法收敛时间方面表现更优,具有较高故障诊断率。     

Demonstration of a zinc bromine battery in an electric vehicle

The zinc bromine battery is a high energy density battery that utilizes low cost materials. The battery is of unique construction utilizing plastic storage tanks for the zinc bromide electrolyte and plastic bipolar electrode stacks. This paper briefly describes the zinc bromine battery technology and the experience gained in installing and operating an electric vehicle with this advanced system. The described electric vehicle (The “T-Star”) was tested in March 1993 on the Chrysler Proving Grounds in Phoenix, Arizona and it participated in the May 1993 American Tour de Sol capturing second place over all and first place in the student division     

The All-Electric Fighter Airplane Flight Control Issues, Capabilities, and Projections

The prime issues raised in any all-electric airplane discussion are (1) is the electric power system as reliable and trustworthy as a hydraulic power system; (2) can electromechanical flight control actuators perform satisfactorily, i.e., can the performance match that of hydraulic actuators; (3) can redundant electromechanical actuation systems (EMAS) be designed to equal the flight safety reliability of dual tandem hydraulic actuators; and (4) can satisfactory solutions be found or developed for dissipating the heat generated in actuators and power controllers. The first question should be inconsequential since it is assumed that the all-electric aircraft will be equipped with a fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system (FCS) which is already dependent upon an uninterrupted supply of electrical power. Design studies and hardware already developed show that the answer to question (2) is that EMAS outperform hydraulic actuators, particularly under load. The answer to question (3) is not as clear primarily because the issue has not been addressed in any depth. As posed the answer must be yes, but with the proviso that the weight might be greater than currently predicted. Studies have shown that we can cope with the heat dissipation issue addressed in question (4) in the case of motors and inverter/power controllers. The projections regarding usage of EMAS and the future of the all-electric airplane must be based on the type of vehicle (small subsonic transport, large transport, or military tighter) and the economics involved.     

麦道某型飞机系统装配分析

从民用飞机的安全性出发，在分析麦道某型飞机液压系统及操纵系统的特点的基础上，研究其使用的特殊连接件及其加工手段。通过对这些连接件的研究，不仅使我们掌握了其加工方法，提高了飞机的安全性能，也为我们提供研究更多新工艺创造了条件；在保证产品质量的同时，为我们今后在飞机设计及制造中提供了很好的借鉴。     

基于MPC8640D处理系统的技术研究

结合多年嵌入式处理的设计经验,借鉴国外高性能嵌入式计算机的设计原则,提出基于MPC8640D的新一代处理系统的设计与实现方法,其特点是:高集成度,双核的高处理速度,高速外部串行总线接口,大容量存储器。基于该设计的处理器模块已经开始用于机载电子设备中。     

结构型式计算机辅助设计的一种方法——专家系统与模糊数学的应用

 专家系统的核心问题是要使计算机具有一定的形象思维能力,而专家的“经验”又不便直接表达为数值,更不便直接进行经验的推断,而用模糊数学有可能成为总结归纳技术经验的一种重要手段。本文讨论如何把模糊数学用于机翼结构型式的评定,协助设计人员作出有关机翼结构型式选择的决策。     

基于Fuzzy数学的飞机自动停车故障诊断

飞机本身是一个复杂的系统.因此,系统及分系统的故障也是纷繁复杂的,反映在故障征兆(表象)与原因上,同一故障征兆可能是多种原因所引起的,而同一故障原因又往往产生多种故障征兆.对于故障征兆与故障原因间的复杂隶属关系,如果使用传统的经典数学模型来处理往往不能准确的解决问题.本文将模糊数学方法引入到飞机故障诊断中,建立了某型飞机自动停车故障诊断的数学模型,解决了针对一种或数种故障征兆,如何准确、快速地找到引起故障的真正原因,并且针对最大隶属度原则的缺陷,改进了该原则,此诊断方法可以按飞机系统功能分解推广到对任一分系统(如液压系统,燃料系统,冷气系统,着陆装置系统等)的故障诊断.     

Design of Boeing 777 electric system

The electric power system for the Boeing 777 is comprised of two independent electrical systems, the main and the backup. The main electric system includes two engine-driven integrated drive generators, a generator driven by the auxiliary power unit, three generator control units, and a bus power control unit. The backup electric system includes two engine-drive generators and one integrated converter/control unit to provide the redundancy of electrical sources equivalent to a three-engine airplane. Automation of the system is achieved by the use of state-of-the-art, microprocessor-based control units that perform system control, protection, and built-in-test functions. Each control unit has redundant two-way communication through an ARINC 629 communication bus that requires significantly fewer discrete wires than similar systems, allowing considerable reduction of the interface circuits and reduction in weight     

基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统

计算机小型化、物联网、无线宽带通信、人工智能技术近年来发展迅速,对社会产生了巨大影响,作为使能技术,其在航空上的应用将对飞机设计、飞机飞行和维修保障等领域产生革命性的变革。未来的飞机将具有强大的信息智能感知和处理能力,依托天地一体化信息网络实现多维度物联,并结合智能地面系统,共同完成智能飞行、智能维护和智能运营等业务流程。本文总结了上述新技术的发展现状及其航空应用前景,提出了基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统的概念,设计了系统架构,描绘了典型应用场景,识别了关键技术并指出了面临的挑战。研究成果有助于飞机制造商更好地设计面向未来的智能飞机,也有助于航空公司对智能飞机进行高效的运营和管理。