任意偏心率卫星的大气阻力的短周期摄动

通过本文采用的计算方法和CIRA 1972在160～2000公里高度围范的大气密度的分析模型,导出了人造地球卫星大气阻力短周期摄动的一种计算公式,它形式简单,收敛性好,适用于任意偏心率的卫星。     

我国火箭探测资料与CIRA 1986稿的比较

本文用我国气象火箭探测获得的中层大气风、温度、密度和气压等数据,与国际参考大气模式CIRA 1986稿作了比较.结果看到,我国火箭探测温度数据值在模式给出的平均值剖面上下波动,符合的程度在国际比对偏差范围之内;用探测数据分析得到的风的季节性和声重波强度等与模式给出的描述都很符合.从而说明,用CIRA 1986稿来表征我国上空的中层大气结构是合适的.      

冬季西北地区临近空间气象火箭探测数据分析

在获取冬季西北地区一次临近空间气象火箭探测数据后,将火箭探测温度、密度与MSIS00模式和TIMED/SABER卫星数据进行对比,并将火箭探测风场与HWM07模式和MERRA再分析资料进行对比,分析火箭探测温度误差组成,计算各项温度修正量。结果表明:火箭、卫星、MSIS00模式获取的温度和密度随高度整体变化趋势一致;相对于MSIS00模式,火箭和卫星实测数据能够反映出更多的变化细节,且二者在细节上具有较多一致性。火箭实测风场与MERRA的一致性较好,而与HWM07模式差异较大,在平流层中部火箭探测风场明显强于HWM07模式。相对于HWM07模式和MERRA,火箭探测风场能够体现更多细节,在22 km和45 km附近均探测到较强的风切变。在火箭探测温度的各项修正量中,气动加热、温度滞后、支撑结构热传导及测量电流焦耳效应带来的影响较大,该影响整体上随着高度降低而逐渐减小。分析表明,本次气象火箭获取的探测数据是有效可靠的,但在数据处理方法尤其是温度误差修正等方面还需不断迭代完善。      

由大气密度的季变化所造成的中、低层大气电离率的季变化

本文对CIRA 1972 模式下的中、低层大气密度季变化所造成的电离率的季变化作了理论计算, 利用宇宙线电离源函数对全球中、低层大气的电离率作了数值计算.计算结果表明, 在70km以下的大气电离率的季变化幅度为百分之几十.在电离峰值高度(约15km)以下幅度为约百分之十, 高度越高变幅越大, 到70km处达35%.在20km以上电离率的季变化趋势与大气密度的季变化趋势大致相同, 夏季比冬季大, 20km以下变化稍为复杂.      

利用卫星两行轨道根数反演热层密度

两行轨道根数（TLEs）是基于一般摄动理论产生的用于预报地球轨道飞行器位置和速度的一组轨道参数,通过求解大气阻力微分方程,可反演出热层大气密度. 本文选取近圆轨道CHAMP卫星和椭圆轨道Explorer8卫星,以两行轨道根数数据为基础,计算反弹道系数,并根据不同轨道特征采用两种不同反演方法对热层大气密度进行研究. 结果表明,这两种方法反演得到的大气密度与实测值均符合较好,其中CHAMP卫星的反演结果和经验模式值相对于实测值的误差分别为7.94%和13.94%,Explorer8卫星的误差分别为9.04%和14.32%. 相比模式值,利用两行轨道根数数据反演的热层大气密度更接近于实测值,说明该方法可以作为获取大量可靠大气密度数据的一种有效途径.      

CHAMP和GRACE-A/B反演大气密度数据评估分析

利用Colorado大学公开发布的2001-2008年CHAMP和GRACE-A/B三颗卫星加速度计反演的400km高度上的大气密度数据,以大气模式NLRMSISE-00为参考,分析反演数据与模式值的误差特点、产生误差的原因、密度的变化及合理性,并通过卫星轨道两行根数（TLE）的反演结果进行验证,主要结论如下.CHAMP密度值整体稍高于GRACE-A/B,CHAMP密度与模式值之间的误差整体小于GRACE-A/B,2007-2008年 GRACE-A/B与模式的相对误差变化起伏较大.2001年CHAMP与模式存在整体偏差,通过相似空间环境条件下的密度变化比对以及利用TLE的反演结果验证,确定2001年的CHAMP反演密度整体偏低.CHAMP及GRACE-A/B密度变化个例显示,卫星密度值会出现一些个性化特征,使用时应根据需求进行分析处理.研究结果可为合理应用该数据提供参考.      

青岛上空中层大气密度和温度的激光雷达探测

介绍了中国电波传播研究所瑞利散射激光雷达系统的结构和性能, 阐述了激光雷达探测中层大气密度和温度的工作原理, 给出了青岛地区中层大气密度和温度的初步探测结果. 通过与卫星、探空气球和大气模式数据的结果对比, 验证了激光雷达探测大气温度的可靠性. 基于2008-2009两年的观测, 获得了青岛地区上空中层大气温度的季节变化和平均分布. 激光雷达观测结果表明, 青岛地区平流层温度比CIRA86模式结果高, 且二者偏差呈夏秋季小、冬春季大的特点, 中间层温度则正好相反.      

从我国第二颗卫星近地点高度变化的分析测定平均密度标高

本文讨论了一种大气密度标高的计算方法,同时从我国第二颗卫星近地点高度变化的分析测得了四个平均密度标高H值.这些观测值与CIRA-1972理论值之差都在10%之内,实测值与CIRA-1972之比平均约高5%.      

一种基于温度参数的热层密度修正方法

热层大气的阻力效应是影响低轨航天器大量空间操作的重要因素, 尤其是经验密度模式, 其固有的至少15%的内符合误差已严重制约航天器轨道计算精度的提高. 针对广泛应用的经验密度模式, 选择物理背景简明、关联参数较少的JACCHIA71模式, 以地磁平静条件下的全球散逸层顶温度最小值T_c及125 km高度拐点温度T_x为对象, 建立密度相对于上述温度参数的条件方程, 推导密度相对于温度参数的解析偏导数, 并给出其最小二乘解. 同时, 利用CHAMP卫星数据对模式进行修正, 模式平均误差从40%降低至3%左右. 通过TG01飞行器的轨道预报比较, 修正前后轨道预报位置精度从2 km提升至1 km左右. 经过CHAMP卫星和TG01飞行器的实测数据检验, 验证了修正算法的正确性和有效性.      

基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法

在转发式卫星测定轨系统中,基于伪码测距原理的星地距离测量是实现卫星精密定轨和高精度时间比对的基础。为获得高精度的星地距离,需要将地面站设备时延从伪码测距值中精确扣除。在转发式卫星测轨原理的基础上,提出了基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法,实现了对转发式地面站设备时延的标校,标校精度能够优于0.5ns,对提高转发式卫星定轨精度和卫星双向时间比对精度具有重要作用。     

Comparison of time-periodic variations in temperature and wind from meteorological rockets and satellites

Although the Meteorological Rocket Network operated by or in cooperation with the United States has decreased from fourteen to nine stations in the past five years, there have been many observations accumulated in the ten years since CIRA 1972 was prepared with data up to 1969. The mean, annual and semiannual variations of temperature and wind are presented and special attention is directed to the polar semiannual wave. The results are compared with the Oxford SCR-PMR five-year data set, the CDC-SCR seven-year data, and CIRA 1972 with respect to both temperature and zonal winds, as far as presently available. The agreement among the data sets is very good.     

Some recent advances in thermospheric models

Since the publication of the last COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA 1972) valuable progress has been achieved in improving our understanding of the terrestrial thermosphere. As a result, several empirical models are now available for numerous applications. The reliability of these models is discussed within the framework of known physical phenomena. The most recent published advances deal with longitudinal and universal time effects. Some general shortcomings are pointed out in order to stimulate farther progress.     

A generalization of the Hines” dispersion relation

A simple dispersion relation which forms a generalization to the Hines' relation has been developed for the real atmosphere which fully allows for reflection and transmission at every height level. The relation is an analytic function of the Brunt frequency, the speed of sound profile and its derivatives and the variations in mean molecular mass (using CIRA 1972). The correction terms to the Hines' dispersion relation become important for gravity waves with frequencies close to the Brunt frequency.     

Neutral temperatures from Thomson scatter measurements: Comparisons with the CIRA(1972)

Neutral exospheric and lower thermospheric (100–130 km) temperatures from Thomson scatter measurements at Millstone Hill (42°N) are compared with CIRA temperatures with a view towards identifying deficiencies in the CIRA and recommending revisions. CIRA models the observed diurnal mean temperatures (T₀) to within 10% over a wide range of solar conditions (75? F_10.7 ? 250), but consistently underestimates the diurnal temperatures with maximum deviations approaching 50% of observed amplitudes (180–240 K) at solar maximum (1200 K ? T₀ ? 1400 K). The observed semidiurnal amplitudes, which lie in the range of 20K–80K, are always underestimated and frequently by more than 50%. In the lower thermosphere, tidal oscillations of temperature of order 20K–40K occur which are not modelled by CIRA. In addition, an analysis of exospheric temperatures at Millstone Hill during a magnetic disturbance indicates a response within 1–2 hours from storm onset, whereas CIRA assumes a 6.7 hour delay. Although some of these deficiences are addressed by the more recent MSIS model, there exists a sufficient data base to recommend several additional revisions to the CIRA temperatures at this time.     

A middle atmosphere temperature reference model from satellite measurements

Temperature fields in the stratosphere and mesosphere have been derived from radiance measurements made by the Nimbus 5 SCR, the Nimbus 6 PMR, and the Nimbus 7 SAMS and LIMS radiometers. These instruments cover different latitude and height ranges and different times during the 1973–1983 period. The problems of combining different data sets are discussed, and examples from a proposed model atmosphere for the stratosphere and mesosphere are presented. The model is given in terms of zonal means and amplitude and phase of zonal waves 1 and 2 for temperature and geopotential height, as functions of latitude and pressure for each calendar month. Comparisons are made with the CIRA 1972 and the Koshelkov Southern Hemisphere models and with the SAMS results and in-situ rocket/radio sondes.     

Proposed ozone reference models for the middle atmosphere

Since the publication of the last COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA 72), large amounts of ozone data acquired from satellites have become available in addition to increasing quantities of rocketsonde, balloonsonde, Dobson, M83, and Umkehr measurements. From the available archived satellite data, models are developed for the new CIRA using 5 satellite experiments (Nimbus 7 SBUV and LIMS, AEM-2 SAGE, and SME IR and UVS) of the monthly latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the ozone mixing ratio in the middle atmosphere. Standard deviations and interannual variations are also quantified. The satellite models are shown to agree well with a previous reference model based on rocket and balloon measurements.     

陀螺用H型动压气浮轴承电机启动特性

为满足卫星长寿命应用的需求,H型动压气浮轴承在陀螺上得到了应用.在应用过程中,对其有了更深刻的认识.首先介绍动压气浮轴承的基本结构及原理,然后对H型动压气浮轴承不同姿态下的启动特性进行详尽地分析,并给出研究结果及启示.