大型航天器舱内流动与传热传质集成分析

在低流速、常温、层流假定下，利用数值模拟方法，实现了大型航天器返回舱、轨道舱内流动与传热传质分析．模拟结果表明，冷凝干燥组件、净化通风组件、风扇、热控风机和其他仪器设备对航天器舱内空气流动具有不同的影响；通过分析空气流场对舱内温度、空气湿度、二氧化碳浓度的影响，探讨了评价流场的质量和能量输运作用；从总体角度提出，通过一定的布局，设计出具有环流的全局流场的同时，具有流动与扩散相协调的局部流场，建立了统一流场的设计新思路．     

小推力发动机高空羽流场数值模拟

以小推力发动机的高空羽流场为研究对象，完成了氮气流的DSMC方法数值模拟研究，对计算的可靠性进行了实验对比验证，分析了高空羽流场特性及高空稀薄流动的非平衡效应。结果表明，用DSMC方法与加密网格技术结合可有效模拟高空羽流场，且必须计及气体非平衡效应。皮托压力的数值结果与实验符合得很好。     

狭长型封闭舱室内非定常流动模拟的湍流模型比较

针对狭长型封闭舱室内非定常流动模拟的湍流模型选择问题，以飞机舱室为典型环境，使用相似准则为依据的热缩比法搭建了实验平台。将实验结果与RNG k-ε、DES、LES三种湍流模型的数值模拟结果进行对比和分析，评估狭长型封闭舱室内非定常流动特征研究中合适的湍流模型。结果显示，RNG k-ε和DES模型可以定性描述流动变化趋势，但是LES模型在流场非定常性和不稳定性捕捉更为准确，其流场结构更接近实验结果。模拟结果与实验结果对比显示，LES模型能更加真实地反映狭长型封闭舱室非定常流动的情况。     

氢氧发动机推力室化学反应流场计算

采用弱耦合点隐式方法的MacCormack格式对氢氧火箭发动机推力室化学反应粘性流场进行数值模拟.数值模拟时采用6种组分、8个反应有限速率的化学反应模型,湍流模型采用Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型.数值模拟得到了流场参数在燃烧室和喷管中的分布.结果分析表明,得到的数值模拟结果与理论分析一致,说明结果是可靠的.本文的工作为氢氧火箭发动机喷管设计提供了依据,并为进一步开展火箭发动机推力室有化学反应的两相流动的数值模拟打下了基础.     

喷油器瞬态两相流动的建模方法

为了研究柴油机喷油器内部的气穴现象,采用一种新的方法建模并进行瞬态两相流动的数值模拟. 首先求解针阀开启时刻的稳态流场,然后导入自编的程序进行瞬态流场的计算. 自编程序是基于Fluent提供的用户自定义函数,用于控制模型边界条件,分析针阀受力情况和计算其运动速度. 初始计算条件来自稳态流场,每一步瞬态计算都依赖之前流场的计算结果. 这种建模方法保证了数值模拟的连贯性和真实性,确定喷油器初始条件就可以完整地计算喷油过程,得到每一时刻喷油器内部的压力分布和两相流分布等数据. 研究结果表明,这种新的建模方法是可行和有效的,其数值模拟结果和实验结果相吻合,并能揭示出喷油器喷嘴入口处气穴现象的产生、发展和消失过程,是进一步深入开展柴油喷油系统两相流动特性研究的一种新的途径.     

气流掺混的数值模拟

采用显式的TVD MacCormack格式的时间分裂形式求解了平板上横流流场的二维N-S方程和组分输运方程,得到了流场中气体超音速流动和混合的结构图谱.为了获得对近壁附面层分离较好的模拟效果,采用了Lam和Bremhorst的低雷诺数ｋ-ε模型来模拟流动中的湍流粘性.计算结果表明,该方法可以用来求解横流流场中的气流掺混问题.     

新生代的气候效应与碳循环

对发生于新生代的６次巨大天体撞击作用（６５Ｍａ，３４Ｍａ，１５Ｍａ，２４Ｍａ，１．１Ｍａ，０．７Ｍａ）的气候效应进行的模拟表明，这６次巨大天体撞击作用产生的尘埃进入平流层后，可使全球平均温度下降至零度以下，降温效应持续时间最长可达３０年之久，首次在模拟中考虑全球性森林大火产生的ＣＯ２和死亡生物分解生成的ＣＯ２的温室效应，研究表明这两种作用使大气中ＣＯ２增量最大仅达６７％，其增温效应远远低于尘埃层产     

轴对称DCR进气分流流场数值模拟

用矢通量分裂法，采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ二步格式，对ＤＣＲ（ＤｕａｌＣｏｍｂｕｓ－ｔｏｒＲａｍｊｅｔ，简称ＤＣＲ）进气分流流场进行了数值模拟，提供了全场清晰的波系结构和物理信息，计算结果表明，通过改变反应，可以有效地控制结尾激波的位置，从而改变亚燃室内回流区的大小，对组织亚燃室燃烧和火焰稳定创造良好的条件。     

浮空气囊定常及非定常气动特性计算

对于0~20 km范围内不同外形的浮空气囊,采用虚拟压缩方法求解不可压缩非定常N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程,数值模拟了5个高度下气囊的定常和非定常流场.定常状态时,随高度及气囊外形的变化,模拟了气囊气动力及背风区复杂流动分离.结果表明,当气囊厚度率逐渐增大时,其背风区存在复杂的空间流动分离.运用双时间步方法及动网格技术,成功实现了气囊平移或俯仰运动状态下非定常流场的数值模拟.考察了不同的平移方向及速度对气囊非定常气动特性的影响,得到了气囊平移过程中气动力及流场的变化情况.对于气囊的俯仰运动,获得了不同俯仰速度及不同最大俯仰角时气囊的气动力及流场.计算结果表明气囊的非定常运动对其流场和气动力影响显著.     

离子发动机羽流二维轴对称数值模型与验证

为了解离子发动机羽流特别是交换电荷离子(CEX,Charge-Exchange)的分布和流动特性,建立了离子发动机羽流的物理模型,采用粒子网格(PCI,Particle in Cell)方法对2种型号的离子发动机羽流场进行数值模拟计算,与其地面实验数据进行对比分析.结果表明:在CEX离子密度大小及分布、电势的大小及最大电势梯度的位置、CEX离子流动角方面,模拟结果同实验结果符合得相当好.在电势结构方面,由于舱壁电势的影响,模拟结果同实验结果相比有一些差别.羽流模型和计算结果为相关羽流实验和数值模拟研究提供参考.      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.