无人机地面站静态操作界面人机工效评价

无人机地面站是飞行员操纵飞机、执行任务的重要场所,地面站操作界面设计的优劣直接影响无人机的飞行安全与使用效率,因此对操作界面的静态评估就显得尤为重要。评估方案的实施以问卷调查形式展开,评估过程以召开专家评审会为起点,以界面评估问卷数据处理完成,形成界面人机工效评估数据分析报告为终点。在这个过程中,运用了德尔菲专家咨询法、G1法、模糊数学综合评价等方法开展对评估问卷设计、确认与数据处理工作,最终得出地面站静态操作界面人机工效评价结果。根据评价结果识别出无人机地面站操作界面设计存在的工效问题,为界面迭代优化设计提供依据与支撑。     

民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效综合评价

未来民机驾驶舱将广泛采用触控技术,但目前尚未形成针对民机驾驶舱显示触控系统的人机工效评价体系与评价方法。针对上述问题,首先梳理民机驾驶舱显示触控系统相关的现行标准与规范,结合适航规章中人为因素考察项,提出民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效评价指标体系。其次,考虑到评价指标的模糊性与灰色性,基于灰色关联分析,对传统模糊层次综合评价算法从数据集结处理和指标权重确定两个方向进行改进,通过构造专家信度系数修正秩次矩阵,实现专家认知特性的定量描述,建立民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效综合评价模型。最后,结合ACROSS项目下的民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效评价试验案例,分析驾驶舱显示触控系统配置策略对系统人机工效的影响,验证了评价体系与评价方法的适用性和合理性。     

基于模糊理论的直升机驾驶舱人机工效综合评价研究

影响驾驶舱人机工效的因素非常多，交联关系复杂，在对其进行综合评价时，必须考虑系统因素内在的模糊性、评价指标与原则定义上的模糊性以及评价专家认识上的模糊性。探讨应用模糊综合评价的方法进行驾驶舱人机工效评价，给出了应用模糊综合评价法进行人机工效评价的一般过程和处理方式，并用典型事例进行验证。     

无人机飞行品质评定准则探讨

基于无人机的任务特性,建议按照任务快速性与精确性的要求将无人机飞行阶段重新划分为4个阶段;在此基础上借鉴有人机飞行品质主观评定方法,修改给出了适用于无人机飞行品质主观评定的Cooper-Harper评价尺度;然后以纵向飞行品质客观评定准则为例,分析了有人机飞行品质评定准则对于无人机飞行品质评定的适用性,认为部分有人机飞行品质准则可借鉴应用于无人机飞行品质评定,但其准则边界必须针对无人机的飞行特性进行修改.通过研究,初步形成了无人机飞行品质评定准则研究框架,对无人机飞行品质评定具有一定的参考价值.     

基于人机工程学的无人机地面站人机接口设计

本文分析了无人机系统自身特点对无人机操作员的影响,提出基于人机工程学的设计原则以优化无人机地面站人机接口设计。     

基于眼动识别技术的军机资料人机工效验证

分析军机技术资料人机工效性验证需求上,提出基于眼动识别技术的军机技术资料人机工效验证工作应用方式及实现方法。在开展军用飞机技术资料人机工效性分析的基础上,给定人机工效性指标,设计了针对用户技术资料易定位性及易理解性的验证评估试验,结合可穿戴式眼动仪及ErgoLAB人机环境同步平台,对试验中的指标进行采集和分析。通过试验能够明显地反映出,在各个人机工效指标的量值下,军机技术资料的人工效能性可以通过人的人机工效指标进行量化衡量。通过军用飞机技术资料人机工效试验的开展与数据的分析,推断出基于眼动与面部识别技术的人机工效性分析方法,可应用于军用飞机技术资料综合验证工作。     

小型无人机纵向飞行品质研究

目前针对无人机的飞行品质评估标准缺失,都是参照有人机飞行品质准则对无人机进行评价,而且评价的标准也不统一。通过对某小型无人机增稳前后的性能进行分析对比,验证了有人机飞行品质标准中的CAP准则和带宽准则对小型无人机的适用性,进而提出了小型无人机纵向飞行品质评定方法,对无人机飞行品质的研究具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于人机工效的民机驾驶舱设计原理

民机驾驶舱的人机工效设计是以"飞行员—驾驶舱—环境"整体作为研究的基本对象,以提高民机飞行安全的设计。从民机驾驶舱的显示界面、控制器件布置和光环境等角度,详细阐述民机驾驶舱人机工效设计的概念,研究相关设计方法,并进行实际应用。所论述的相关设计方法对未来先进民机驾驶舱的设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

运输机方向舵脚蹬人机工效设计研究

方向舵脚蹬用于飞机的航向操纵,其人机工效设计的优劣,不仅影响驾驶员操纵的可达性与舒适度,也对飞机飞行安全至关重要。通过对人体生理特征和人体生物力学的研究,结合人体舒适坐姿二维简化模型和人体尺寸,对人体下肢操纵可达范围、脚蹬运动行程、踵点设计等进行理论分析和计算,得到运输机方向舵脚蹬的人机工效设计指标参数,并通过人机工效仿真软件进行虚拟仿真,最终得到一些合理、可用的设计参数,为运输机方向舵脚蹬人机工效设计提供理论支持和方法指导。     

民机驾驶舱触控显示系统人机工效评估指标体系搭建研究

从人机工效基本原理出发,在对国内外适航规章和行业标准解读的基础上,结合触控技术自身特征,对触控显示系统人机工效设计的影响因素进行分析,并综合运用了改进德尔菲法和改进层次法,初步构建了民机触控显示系统人机工效评估指标体系,可为系统的设计与评估提供借鉴.     

空中机器人飞行平台设计与分析

空中机器人指能够实现自主或者半自主飞行的无人飞行器,一般还具有一定的自主执行任务能力.自主特性减少了其对地面站的依赖,但同时要求飞行平台有良好的操纵性和稳定性,飞行高效、安全、可靠.本文介绍了空中机器人的种类、实用价值和使用要求,并为此设计了一款飞行平台,论述了该飞行平台总体设计与分析的方法.以此为基础搭建的"哨兵"无人机系统,在2005"枭龙杯"中国空中机器人中大赛表现不凡,获得固定翼5公斤级亚军、飞行器系统设计一等奖的优异成绩.本文的计算结果在无人机系统试飞和比赛中都得到了验证.     

PDE solution to UAV/UGV trajectory planning problem by spatio-temporal estimation during wildfires

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) have been used in research and development community due to their strong potential in high-risk missions. One of the most important civilian implementations of UAV/UGV cooperative path planning is delivering medical or emergency supplies during disasters such as wildfires, the focus of this paper. However, wildfires themselves pose risk to the UAVs/UGVs and their paths should be planned to avert the risk as well as complete the mission. In this paper, wildfire growth is simulated using a coupled Partial Differential Equation (PDE) model, widely used in literature for modeling wildfires, in a grid environment with added process and measurement noise. Using principles of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and with an appropriate choice of decomposition modes, a low-dimensional equivalent fire growth model is obtained for the deployment of the space–time Kalman Filtering (KF) paradigm for estimation of wildfires using simulated data. The KF paradigm is then used to estimate and predict the propagation of wildfire based on local data obtained from a camera mounted on the UAV. This information is then used to obtain a safe path for the UGV that needs to travel from an initial location to the final position while the UAV’s path is planned to gather information on wildfire. Path planning of both UAV and UGV is carried out using a PDE based method that allows incorporation of threats due to wildfire and other obstacles in the form of risk function. The results from numerical simulation are presented to validate the proposed estimation and path planning methods.     

Energy-efficiency maximization for fixed-wing UAV-enabled relay network with circular trajectory

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the applications of UAVs have been extensively explored. In the field of wireless communications, the relay nodes are often used to extend network coverage. However, traditional fixed ground relays cannot be flexibly deployed due to their low heights and fixed locations. Hence, deploying UAV as relay node is a promising solution and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we consider an UAV-enabled relaying network in which a fixed-wing UAV is deployed between the Base Station (BS) and Ground Users (GUs). We study the energy-efficiency gap between the link “BS-UAV-GUs” and the link “BS-GUs”, and jointly optimize UAV relay transmission power and flight radius to achieve the highest energy-efficiency. Firstly, the UAV/BS-GUs channels models and the UAV energy consumption model are built. Secondly, the optimization objective function is formulated to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Then, the solution of the optimization problem is divided into a two-step iteration process, in which the UAV relay transmission power and flight radius are adjusted to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Finally, the experimental results under different simulation scenarios (such as cities, forests, deserts, oceans, etc.) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can always find the optimal UAV relay transmission power and flight radius settings, and achieve the largest energy-efficiency gap. The convergency speed of the proposed algorithm is fast, and can obtain the optimal solution within only a few iterations.     

Virtual target guidance-based distributed model predictive control for formation control of multiple UAVs

The paper proposes a Virtual Target Guidance (VTG)-based distributed Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for formation control of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). First, a framework of distributed MPC scheme is designed in which each UAV only shares the information with its neighbors, and the obtained local Finite-Horizon Optimal Control Problem (FHOCP) can be solved by swarm intelligent optimization algorithm. Then, a VTG approach is developed and integrated into the distributed MPC scheme to achieve trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. Further, an event-triggered mechanism is proposed to reduce the computational burden for UAV formation control, which takes into consideration the predictive state errors as well as the convergence of cost function. Numerical simulations show that the proposed VTG-based distributed MPC scheme is more computationally efficient to achieve formation control of multiple UAVs in comparison with the traditional distributed MPC method.     

基于Leader-Follower编队的无人机协同跟踪地面目标制导律设计

对地面目标的自动跟踪是无人机在任务应用阶段需要解决的重要问题之一,多无人机协同跟踪能够提高对目标运动状态的估计精度并降低目标丢失的概率,因而具有重要研究意义。本文提出了一种基于Leader-Follower编队的无人机协同跟踪制导方法,解决了传统Standoff跟踪模式对地面目标的速度范围限制问题。首先,通过控制无人机的航向不断趋近于地面目标牵连跟踪圆切线方向的方法设计了Leader无人机自动跟踪地面目标的制导律并完成了稳定性证明;其次,通过控制Follower无人机的速度和航向角逐渐趋近于Leader无人机速度和航向的协同跟踪策略,分别设计了Follower无人机自动跟踪Leader无人机的制导律和编队相位协同制导律并完成了稳定性证明;最后,分别针对静止目标、匀速直线运动目标和变速运动目标的跟踪问题进行了仿真验证,结果表明所提出的制导方法能够实现对不同运动状态地面目标的自动协同跟踪,并且跟踪性能优于基于李雅普诺夫向量法的制导方法。     

基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统研究

提出了基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统的设计方法;归纳出通用型飞行控制系统在角速度、线加速度、大气压强、GPS信息等飞行数据采集方面的特点;在无人机的高度控制、速度控制和航向控制方面设计了舵机的控制方案,详细论述了控制信号输出;研究了计算机的控制程序,为下一步的基于单片机的半实物系统仿真奠定了基础.     

Multiple model predictive control of perching maneuver based on guardian maps

Considering the strong nonlinearity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) resulting from high Angle of Attack(AOA) and fast maneuvering, we present a multi-model predictive control strategy for UAV maneuvering, which has a small amount of online calculation. Firstly, we divide the maneuver envelope of UAV into several sub-regions on the basis of the gap metric theory. A novel algorithm is then developed to determine the ploytopic model for each sub-region.According to this, a Robust Model Predictive...     

无人机地面站图像压缩传输系统设计与应用

针对无人机地面指挥控制系统要实现互连、互通、互操作的网络化要求,设计了视频信号实时网络传输和显示系统。系统由基于DSP的服务器端和通用客户端播放器组成,服务器端通过设置并行任务完成视频信号的实时采集、编码和发送,客户端完成视频信号的实时接收、解码和播放,从而使系统实现了图像信息在地面站所有显示终端上的实时显示。实验结果表明,系统完全满足无人机地面站系统功能及指标要求,并且通过网络化技术节省了地面站宝贵空间资源,系统设计方法对同类型系统具有一定借鉴意义。     

Optimal video communication strategy for intelligent video analysis in unmanned aerial vehicle applications

For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), the intelligent video analysis is a key technology in intelligent autonomous control, real-time navigation and surveillance. However, poor UAV wireless links would degrade the quality of video communication, leading to difficulties in video analysis. To meet the challenges of packet-loss and limited bandwidth in adverse UAV channel environments, this paper proposes a parameter optimization mechanism for UAV intelligent video analysis. In the proposed method, an Optimal Strategy Library (OSL) is designed to optimize the parameters for video encoding and forward error correction. Adapted to the packet-loss rate and bandwidth in practical UAV wireless network, the proposed OSL can facilitate the encoding of video sequences and the recovery of degraded videos with optimal performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution can keep intelligent video analysis working efficiently with adverse UAV wireless links, and is capable of maximizing the inference accuracy of Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) algorithms in various scenarios.     

Robust trajectory planning for UAV communication systems in the presence of jammers

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) has emerged as a promising novel application for the Sixth-Generation(6G) wireless communication by leveraging more favorable Line-of-Sight(Lo S)propagation. However, the jamming resistance by exploiting UAV’s mobility is a new challenge in the UAV-ground communication. This paper investigates the trajectory planning problem in an UAV communication system, where the UAV is operated by a Ground Control Unit(GCU)to perform certain tasks in the presence of multiple jamm...