基于CompactRIO的HL2A环向场电流控制

基于LabVIEW图形化编程语言,以NI公司PAC产品系列中的CompactRIO为硬件平台,研制出一套适用于脉冲工作模式的励磁调节器。该调节器以工业PC作为上位机,由嵌入式系统构成下位机,实时监测和控制每一次等离子体放电期间的工作状态。利用数字式增量PID算法对环向场电流进行反馈控制,控制周期为1 ms。实际运行结果表明:研制的调节器具有控制精度高、稳定可靠等优点。     

伺服回路故障检测方法研究

航空发动机伺服回路复杂,其工作可靠性和故障容错性对于发动机安全至关重要,因此研究伺服回路的故障检测技术十分必要.提出1种基于模型监控的快速伺服回路故障检测方法,根据伺服回路物理机构从电气到机械进行故障的逐级检测,通过比较器的设计实现回路故障的快速判断.与试验结果对比表明:该方法能够准确检测系统故障,并且缩短了系统判故时间,简化了伺服机构建模和软件代码实现.为数控系统快速检测故障提供了高效的技术手段,具有一定的通用性.     

航空发动机压气机导流叶片调节器切换特性

为了提高飞行可靠性,航空发动机导流叶片调节器采用数字电子控制为主控方式,并辅以液压机械备份控制器。为此对数字电子控制器的切换特性进行了研究。对所设计的导叶调节器切换过程进行动静态仿真,结果表明:数字电子控制器出现故障后,采用切断电子控制通道的处置方式可以满足系统对切换过程平稳和安全的要求,且系统切换至液压机械备份控制器后,各项技术指标可以满足航空发动机对该导流叶片调节器的要求。     

一种支持双余度CAN总线接口的A/D采集单元设计

模拟量输入通道是无人机飞行控制系统自动检测计算机的关键部件之一.设计了某自动检测计算机内部一种基于余度CAN总线的A/D采集单元.根据总体技术指标要求,从器件选型到系统软硬件设计采用了先进性与实用性兼顾的设计思想.实际测试结果表明该接口单元工作稳定,性能良好,满足检测无人机飞行控制系统各性能指标的要求.     

开放式FADEC系统的数据总线研究

研究了容错数据总线这个从集中式向开放式架构过渡的关键技术.在深入研究确定性、一致性、开放性、拓扑结构、调度策略、容错机制和传输带宽等开放式FADEC(全权限数字电子控制)数据总线关键特征的基础上,分析了总线数据传输的时间不确定性问题.从性能、可靠性和可用性的角度深入研究了TTP/C(time-triggered protocol/automotive class C),ARINC659,TTCAN(time-triggered controller area network)和FlexRay这4种时间触发架构数据总线的关键特征.研究结果表明:TTP/C总线是开放式FADEC的最佳选择,最后提出了一种基于TTP/C总线的航空发动机模块化DEEC(digital electronic engine controller)硬件架构.      

Terrain intervisibility-believe it or not?

Computer generated digital maps with terrain intervisibility displays are becoming a common addition to aircraft cockpits. Also known as masking plots, these displays show dangerous regions exposed to threats, highlight terrain visible from the current (or future) aircraft location, and keep track of regions hidden from view during searches with various types of sensors. High resolution displays of semi-transparent intervisibility overlaid on sharp clear digital maps are very convincing but can they be believed? Not completely. Intervisibility displays serve a valuable function. But to build and use these systems wisely, it is good to understand the errors and limitations involved. At LMFS, we have integrated digital maps from other companies into avionics systems such as Army Special Operations Aircraft and MH-53J, and have analyzed the errors associated with the use of level 1 and level 2 terrain elevation data from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). We have also developed a number of real-time intervisibility and probabilistic intervisibility functions using a hybrid of multiresolution techniques and algorithms to obtain the best results possible for a given set of computer resources. This paper explores some of the problems, solutions, and human/machine interface considerations associated with the generation and use of intervisibility     

航空发动机主燃油执行机构容错控制

为了在主燃油计量活门位移传感器出现故障时仍能实现航空发动机全包线范围内的转速自适应控制,根据航空发动机转速自适应控制原理提出了一种基于零极点配置原理的容错控制方法,根据高压转子转速控制计划与实测转速之间的误差对主燃油控制电液伺服阀电流进行闭环运算,并运用零极点配置原理将控制参数与转速自适应控制相融合,参数在全包线范围内随发动机状态变化进行自适应调整,通过半物理模拟试验对该容错控制方法进行了验证。结果表明：该容错控制方法能够在全包线范围内保证数字电子控制系统稳定工作,并具有较好的稳态和动态性能,发动机高压转子转速稳态波动量在±0.15%以内,超调量和下降量分别在0.63%和0.61%以下,而且容错控制方法实施方便、自适应性强,对提高航空发动机数字电子控制系统的工作可靠性具有重要作用。     

航空发动机双余度控制规律设计方法

提出了航空发动机双余度控制规律设计概念和一种利用双余度控制规律作为控制传感器信号故障处理策略的方法;建立了备份控制规律设计方法和设计原则,应用于某高性能涡扇发动机双余度控制规律设计研究之中.研究结果表明:双余度控制规律可以实现无扰动转换,重构控制回路,提高发动机的任务可靠性.该方法可以应用于配装数字式电子控制系统的各类发动机.      

RST-6数字式发动机电子调节系统

RST-6数字式发动机电子调节系统是以WZ-6G发动机为调节对象,以天然气为燃料,带动负载为100y190-7离心水泵,RST-6系统由传感器,电子控制箱（包括CMC-80为控制中心的单板机）及供气装置等三大部件组成。      

面向对象的航空发动机电子控制器建模与仿真

为了模拟航空发动机电子控制器的结构和功能,根据1种典型的民用涡扇发动机数字电子控制器的硬件结构和工作原理,采用基于面向对象的建模方法,为航空发动机数控系统仿真平台FADEC Works搭建了数字电子控制器部件仿真类库,利用数字电子控制器部件仿真类库建立了双通道数字电子控制器模型,在FADEC Works仿真平台上与发动机模型进行了集成,构成了航空发动机闭环数控系统,并对搭建的双通道数字电子控制器模型进行了仿真和验证。结果表明:利用数字电子控制器部件仿真类库搭建的数字电子控制器模型能够模拟数字电子控制器的运行过程。该模型可应用于控制运行逻辑、故障诊断逻辑、通道切换逻辑的开发、集成、测试和验证。     

Digital Computation Makes AFCS More Reliable

In airline service the reliability of a system is more than the confirmed failures for the system; it is the total removal experience of the system. Thus, the reliability of a system lies not only in the piece part failure rates, but also in the capability to verify and isolate failures. The application of digital technology brings several significant reliability improvements to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) when compared to contemporary analog systems. These advantages are demonstrated by the experience of the digital air data computer (DADC) of the DC-10 and the digital AFCS of the JA-37 Viggen. Experience with this equipment is reviewed, and the results are interpreted in terms of projections for airline DAFCS reliability. The digital system built-in test implemented by a stored program and the central processor gives a system integrity and dispatch reliability unequaled by analog systems. This high-integrity self-test reduces removal rates by giving line personnel a trustworthy tool and more complete automatic test processes for verifying maintenance actions. Digital circuit technology is directly suitable to largescale integrated circuits (LSIC) which reduce piece part counts and improve LRU reliability. Digital circuits are less subject to drift and the attendant difficulty to detect failures. These factors, coupled with the inherent high-integrity self-test, provide the basis for a significant improvement in reliability by the use of a digital automatic flight control system.     

基于自适应模拟退火算法的航空电磁阀优化研究

电磁阀是组成航空发动机数字电子控制系统的重要部件,其响应的快速性是制约航空发动机数字电子控制系统性能的重要因素。根据某型航空电磁阀的设计原理构建了一种电磁阀数学模型,并使用设计参数及实际的试验、试车数据对所建成的航空电磁阀数学模型进行了验证。验证结果显示,所设计的电磁阀数学模型具有较高的动静态的精度,在此基础上,设计了一种基于自适应模拟退火算法的航空电磁阀优化方法,并对电磁阀的线圈匝数、阀芯质量、工作气隙的宽度和模型管直径等4个重要参数进行了优化。研究结果证实,相比于原设计方案,参数优化后的电磁阀开启响应时间缩短了50%,关闭响应时间缩短了45.4%。     

From Autopilot to Strapdown: Electrotechnology in Inertial Guidance and Control

Electrotechnology has been a significant factor in the evolution of guidance and control (G & C) over the last half century. Ship stabilizers that used rotating wheels for brute force control were electrically driven. However, the first pilotless aircraft, developed in World War I, was controlled primarily with pneumatic servos. Inertial guidance and electronic control systems surfaced at Peenemunde around World War II. Advances in fire control servos led to development of the floated gyro and ushered in precision inertial navigators. Digital electronics replaced analog designs, so that the level of G & C sophistication increased dramatically. As digital computers became smaller and more powerful their use proliferated. The manned space program in the 60's saw substantial improvements in electronics reliability and performance. The successful first launch of the Space Shuttle, with all its complexity, is a tribute to electronics progress. It is difficult to predict what G & C advances electrotechnology will bring in the next 50 years.     

一种适用于FADEC系统的宽输入范围AC/DC变换器

针对航空发动机全权限数字电子控制(FADEC)系统专用发电机的输出特性,提出一种电流回馈型恒流变频AC/DC(交流/直流)变换技术,以适应专用发电机的宽输出范围,满足FADEC系统的供电需求.给出了该技术的控制策略、拓扑结构、工作原理、过压故障检测及保护设计方法.试验结果表明:该变换器工作稳定,在-55~125℃全温范围内,满足国家军用标准飞机供电特性(GJB181A)对电源的相关规定.研究成果已成功应用于某型航空发动机数字控制系统中,并通过了台架试车和飞行平台试验.      

数字式飞机起落架转弯控制器设计

针对某型飞机起落架转弯控制系统,本文设计了一种以DSP和双口RAM为核心的双余度数字式控制器.控制器采用硬件冗余的方法搭建双通道热备份系统,制定了余度管理策略.借助自检测和比较监控技术实现一次故障工作、两次故障安全的目标.运用马尔可夫过程建立了系统的可靠度模型,利用MATLAB求解可靠度模型的微分方程组,并对系统的可靠度进行了仿真分析.     

综合化飞行器管理计算机技术研究

目前国外新一代飞机的设计中,为进一步提高飞机的性能,同时降低系统费用,采用飞行器管理系统综合管理包括飞行控制、发动机控制、机电公共设备管理等飞机平台的功能.飞行器管理系统核心是飞行器管理计算机,细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机不同于以往基于通道容错的计算机系统,它是基于模块级容错的计算机系统,细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机设计利用综合化技术,通过采用通用的、标准的模块,提高系统的可靠性和可用性.它既要具有飞行控制系统的多余度安全,同时又需要满足发动机控制、机电管理等不同系统、不同余度配置的安全要求.另一方面飞行器管理计算机从系统结构、容错技术等方面要适应不断变化的微电子技术和计算机技术的发展,保持飞机平台具有相对的稳定性,更要具有灵活的系统配置能力.主要介绍了细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机体系结构、软件要求、容错结构的实现.     

TWT Reliability in Space

The question of Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) reliability in space poses some unique problems. First, since tube reliability has a tremendous impact on system design and overall cost, if problems do occur, they are highly visible. Second, attaining high reliability is made difficult by small production runs and short delivery schedules. Finally, the now-common 10 year life specification is combined with state-of-the-art performance requirements, forcing design changes and adding risk. To meet these requirements, we emphasize certain design and manufacturing ground rules. When orbital TWT problems do occur, our experience is that they are usually caused by infant mortality, not wearout. Data based on operation in space show that with close attention to the details of design and manufacturing, reliability exceeding the 500,000 hours MTBF normally specified is achieved. Traveling Wave Tube reliability and overall performance have a tremendous impact on system design and the overall cost of a satellite. TWT reliability determines the amount of redundancy needed to meet a given satellite mission objective. Increased redundancy means increased complexity and weight of the spacecraft. The TWTs, with their Electronic Power Conditioners, also dissipate over 80% of all spacecraft power. Increased tube efficiency will therefore simplify matters all around. Because of the critical impact of tubes, if technical problems do occur, they are highly visible at the system level, where rumors of failure spread like wildfire in the fairly small space community. Attaining high reliability is difficult because of the many conflicting requirements.     

现场数字化仪表系统的总线控制

现场总线控制系统是工业设备自动化控制的一种计算机局域网络。它依靠具有检测、控制、通信能力的微处理芯片,将数字化仪表(设备)在现场实现彻底分散控制,并以这些测量控制设备单个点作为网络节点,用总线形式连接,形成一个开放、标准的现场总线控制系统。与DCS系统相比,现场总线控制系统结构大大简化、成本降低,能满足实际运行中的实时性要求,提高了系统运行的可靠性。给出了基于CAN总线技术的现场数字化仪器设备控制系统的通信接口设计方案。     

新型喷管电控系统可靠性设计

为提高新型喷管控制系统可靠性及故障安全性,对该系统的故障进行检测,并对故障采取相应的对策以保证系统在故障状态下能够安全工作。对该系统的可靠性设计技术进行了初步探讨,对其硬件及软件进行介绍,并对该系统可能发生的故障及其失效原因、拟采取的措施及对安全的影响进行了初步分析,对故障事件的发生概率、故障对飞行安全的严酷度等也进行了安全评估。分析结果表明:新型喷管控制系统可靠性满足要求。     

航空发动机数字控制系统的可靠性

本文从航空发动机数字控制系统可靠性设计的实际出发,针对一类不可维修的、非组合、非余度系统的马尔可夫模型,提出了一种新解法,即马尔可夫状态的概率分解法。与已有的马尔可夫信号流图法和马尔可夫模型的数值解法比较,它具有简单、物理概念清楚的特点,同时可获得所需的可靠度解析表达式,对系统可靠性设计能提供有用的信息。