Airport information systems security

Airports are unique as no two airports are designed the same and, while each is a single facility, each is occupied by many different tenants who provide many different services. Each service may include one or more information systems, both automated and manual, running independently from all others. Because of high visibility events such as the bombing of Pan American Flight 103 in 1988, the explosion of TWA Flight 800 in 1996, and the most recent catastrophic events of September 11, 2001, increased security measures have been put in place to protect the flying public from terrorists. The need to share and exchange information effectively and in a timely manner between airport services and systems, with other airport facilities, outside organizations and government agencies, becomes greater each day. The increased requirements defined by previous policy, threat, vulnerability, and risk assessments can be used to derive security services for NAS Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations, as well as Airport Facility (AF) operations. However, conventional solutions may not be suited to the unique needs of an airport environment and may be operationally unacceptable in some cases. This discusses some of the ways that information systems security can help ensure that key security services, including access control and authentication, are available and implementable in all systems as needed in these unique airport environments.     

Security technology

Security requirements and capabilities have changed dramatically over the past fifty years. Personal identification and detection of illegal substances including explosives have come to the forefront. With the proliferation of computers the security of information has also become a major concern. Substantial advances have been made over the last three decades in entry control, counter-terrorism, cryptology and airport protection. The utilization of technology has become an irreversible trend. Electronic devices and systems are capable of automatically and tirelessly monitoring and reporting breaches of security. For example, airport security began with physical protection of the facility with fences and area surveillance. The most recent concern is detecting explosives in both checked and early-on baggage, Other techniques relate to monitoring passengers for weapons as they transit the terminal building, especially crowds gathered at the metal detectors and X-ray machines. The application of electronics has produced reliability improvements and cost savings in systems that protect against unauthorized entry and numerous other threats. PCs have become the heart of security command and control systems. Most PC platforms rely on the proven software stability of Windows NT and present data in human-friendly, graphic format. It is expected that in the near future security monitoring will be consolidated in a central location, possibly to be integrated with other command and control functions     

On-the-job training mastery test development

The effectiveness of the national aviation security system is highly dependent upon people, especially those employed as checkpoint screeners. The training of these individuals is critical to their performance on the job. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is very interested in enhancing screener training and further improving their readiness for the job. The FAA's aviation security human factors program has developed and assisted in the development of a number of tests and training tools to aid in the selection and training of screeners. Now the program is concentrating on the development of an on-the-job training mastery test to ensure that screener candidates have acquired all of the checkpoint operations skills and abilities needed to be a successful checkpoint screener     

基于BP神经网络的机场安检旅客流量预测模型

机场安检服务资源智能分配及调度是提高机场旅客服务水平及运营效率的有效途径之一,而准确的机场安检旅客流量预测则是实现机场安检服务资源动态分配及调度的前提。以天津机场安检旅客流量的历史数据为研究对象,利用BP神经网络算法建立机场安检旅客流量预测模型,并将该预测模型通过天津机场实际旅客流量进行验证。结果表明:该基于BP神经网络的机场安检旅客流量预测模型的预测精度可达90%以上,证明其具有较高的预测精度,能很好地应用到机场安检流量预测中,为机场运营者动态调度安检服务资源提供高效的解决方案。     

Secure Flow: a totally integrated transportation security system

Secure Flow is a holistic, integrated methodology that addresses all security vectors (paths that a terrorist may take to enter a threat object into the transportation system), allowing people, baggage, and cargo to move via various transportation systems in a secure fashion, while maintaining an "ease of access" to these diverse systems through innovative technology, procedures, and training. Secure Flow is a totally integrated transportation security system. It is a strategic program with multiple integration projects each being a vector such as: checked baggage, checkpoint, cargo/mail, airport, aircraft, port terminal, and cruise ships. Secure Flow identifies requirements for the establishment of protocols, standards, communications, and development of technologies to link deployable security equipment into a totally integrated transportation security system. The objective of Secure Flow is to secure the flow of passengers, baggage, and cargo from origin to destination to meet the operationally viable needs of the future seamless US Transportation System for the traveling public.     

基于Lasso算法的临空高科技产业选择与入区评价研究

围绕航空枢纽发展的临空经济区,正逐步成为高新技术产业和高端装备制造产业选址的首选地之一.文章通过对临空高科技产业的系统分析,得出了临空高科技产业入区的影响因素,包括航空依赖属性、高科技产业特点、效率与影响三个方面.通过建立由5个一级指标、10个二级指标和16个三级指标构成的临空高科技产业入区评价指标体系,采用Lasso...     

飞机性能降级对民机在高原机场起飞的风险研究

我国西部地区修建了很多高原机场,飞机在高原机场会出现性能衰减,对飞行安全有影响。为提高高原机场起飞的安全性,首先,在分析影响高原机场飞机起飞性能因素的基础上,从外界环境的变化和飞机故障两个方面研究飞机性能降级对飞机在高原机场起飞的影响。其次,梳理性能降级后飞机在高原机场起飞的风险,总结高原机场起飞风险管控流程。最后,结合高原机场运行实际,制定风险管控措施,研究可知：1)飞机性能降级在高原机场安全起飞的影响更明显;2)当叠加恶劣天气后,会加深飞机性能降级的影响;3)起飞性能计算是解决飞机性能降级的重要措施;4)航空公司应制定完善的风险管控流程和措施,应对飞机性能降级后能在高原机场安全飞起,并根据实际情况持续优化流程和措施;5)做好相关运行控制团队的管理是提高工作效率的重要举措。     

Positive identification of aircraft on airport movementarea-results of FAA trials

Current operational airport surface surveillance systems do not positively identify aircraft as unique targets. Air traffic controllers are instead presented with a primary radar picture showing all traffic on the airport movement area. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is evaluating different types of systems that will add the aircraft's call-sign or flight number to the radar image thereby allowing controllers to positively identify individual aircraft at all times. This paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of the airport surface target identification system (ATIDS), and presents results of initial trials conducted at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport     

电子飞行包中飞行程序的矢量化绘制技术研究与实现

飞行程序轨迹的矢量化绘制技术是电子飞行包（EFB）研制中的关键技术之一。针对飞行程序的矢量化绘制需,研究了飞行程序编码、导航数据存储、航段解析转换等技术问题,并采用DELPHl7．0开发工具予以编程实现。最后以西安咸阳机场为例,通过对纸质进离场程序图的编码解析,得到飞行程序航段数据;然后用本文开发的计算软件,实现了对飞行程序的矢量化绘制,可为民航飞机电子飞行包、飞行仿真训练设备等系统中矢量化航图显示的研究提供必的理论和实践应用参考。     

机场行李5级安检系统的仿真建模与分析

5级安检系统是机场安检、行李(自动)分拣系统中的重要组成部分,其应用大大提高了机场安全保障系数和行李分拣系统的处理效率。本研究简要介绍了5级安检系统,应用Flexsim软件对该系统进行仿真建模和结果分析。该系统可形象地展示系统各个环节之间的关系,并能直观而迅速地找到系统中的影响因素和瓶颈位置。     

民用飞机高原机场运行研究

通过介绍高原运行要求相关咨询通告,对比新旧版本咨询通告具体内容变化,从飞机主制造商的角度研究分析高原机场运行的基本要求和维护要求,在区分一般高原机场与高高原机场的基础上,给出民用飞机高原机场运行的需求,为飞机主制造商高原及高高原设计方案的制定提供一定的参考。     

机场场面运行控制仿真软件开发及关键技术

针对飞行区场面运行控制仿真的需求,在Anylogic仿真平台上设计和开发了基于Petri网的飞行区场面运行控制仿真软件,并用于实现A-SMGCS冲突监控算法。通过分析基于Petri网的场面运行建模与控制仿真需求,确定了软件的功能目标和体系结构。研究了软件实现和开发中的几个关键技术问题,如Petri网模型基本类的设计、面向闭环控制的Petri网模型扩展定义、开环和闭环场面运行Petri网模型的仿真算法设计。某机场飞行区的场面运行控制仿真表明,软件可以完成场面运行的闭环控制仿真,支持实现冲突监控算法。     

Simulation to support the airport stakeholder decision-making process

To operate an airport at its highest capacity the airport operator, the local air traffic control agency and the most important airlines have to work closely together to maximise the number of flight movements with a minimum of delay. A simulation tool can provide the means to incorporate different stakeholder issues and provide effective ‘what-if’ analysis based on different scenarios. To maximise the capacity of Amsterdam Airport, NLR was contracted to develop the Dynamic Capacity Model Schiphol (DCMS) based on the TAAM (Total Airspace and Airport Modeller) platform.     

某民用机场航空噪声影响计算分析

根据《机场周围飞机噪声环境标准（GB9660—88）》，以计权等效连续感觉噪声级￡删为评价量，同时参照ICAO（国际民航组织）和SAE（汽车工程师协会）的计算方法，借助FAA（美国联邦航空局）的INM（综合噪声模型）对某机场的航空噪声影响进行了详细分析，比较详细地考虑了机型组合、飞行架次、起降方向、时间分布和飞行程序等因素对机场噪声的强度、分布区域形状和分布区域面积的影响。提出一套先进的机场航空噪声影响计算与分析方法，可为今后机场作航空噪声环境影响评价提供借鉴。     

机载移动端场面引导软件设计与仿真研究

为了减轻飞行员在繁忙机场场面运行的工作负荷,提升场面运行安全与效率,设计了一种基于移 动电子设备运行的场面引导软件。其采用可扩展架构和模块化功能设计,通过无线通信网络与综合场面监视系 统交联,实现场面引导功能。仿真测试表明,机载移动端场面引导软件能够为飞机在场面滑行操作提供路径引 导信息和冲突告警提示,可提升运行效率和安全性,具有一定的使用价值。     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

基于互联网的民航城市值机系统信息安全性研究

随着自助值机系统的不断发展,大大简化了旅客出行时所需办理的繁琐手续,方便了旅客的出行。为了进一步扩大自助值机系统的应用场景．可把自助值机系统的应用范围扩大至旅客所居住的酒店、饭店甚至于大型写字楼等地。这样使旅客能更加快捷、方便地完成原本只能在机场才能完成的值机操作。由于机场自助值机设备所连接的网络均为民航专用网络,而将民航的专用网络部署于安全性相对较差的酒店等非传统民航业务区域．系统成本开销和安全性都得不到有效的保证,正是基于上述的考虑,提出了基于互联网安全的民航城市值机系统解决方案。     

基于人工神经网络的停机坪安全预警研究

停机坪是机场的重要组成部分,停机坪安全是机场安全关注的重点。影响停机坪安全作业的要素有很多,通过对这些要素进行监控和预警,可以减少停机坪的安全隐患,保证机场正常运行。根据济南遥墙机场的主要数据,运用因子分析法对影响停机坪安全的主要因素进行分类,提取公共因子。并运用人工神经网络（ANN）方法,对这些公共因子进行神经网络训练和预测分析,最终得到遥墙机场停机坪的安全情况。     

基于RFID技术的机载设备维护管理系统

无线射频（RFID）技术近年来在民航机场运输领域得到了较为广泛的应用,但在国内民航制造领域和飞机运营维护领域还未得到推广应用,其中大量的工作仍通过原始人工处理等方式进行。提出一种利用RFID 技术应用于民用飞机机载设备全生命周期维护和管理的系统架构,对其关键组成部分的功能及配置进行说明,并通过一项客舱应急设备的例行维护...     

民用飞机机载跑道入侵预警系统仿真验证

民用飞机在低能见度的机场跑道滑行时,存在发生跑道入侵的风险。国内外民航史记载了数次因跑道入侵事件导致的飞机在机场地面相撞而机毁人亡的严重事故。近年来,越来越多的人选择飞机作为长途出行的交通工具,使得全球大型国际机场的年吞吐量剧增,导致跑道入侵事件时有发生。各国民用航空管理组织对跑道入侵事件的关注度持续上升,航空公司需要在机上安装一套地面避撞系统,来避免跑道入侵事件的发生。本验证项目基于某大型机场的动态地图建立了一个机载跑道入侵预警系统原型,建立了飞机在机场滑行的平面四向运动模型,设定了不同安全等级的跑道入侵预警算法,定义了多种飞机跑道入侵场景,最终在MATLAB/Simulink和FlightGear中进行二维平面仿真和三维立体仿真,验证了系统解决方案的有效性和算法的正确性。