基于OEM的差分GPS基准站的设计

介绍了差分GPS(DGPS)的定位模型以及RTCM SC-104数据格式及其电文编码,提出了利用廉价的GPS-OEM(原始设备制造商)建立基准站的设计方案,方法是利用GPS-OEM和微处理器构成硬件系统,利用GPS-OEM输出的二进制差分修正数据,将其编码为RTCM SC-104电文来进行设计.实验结果表明这种DGPS基准站同样可以达到1~5?m的水平平面定位精度,因此具有性能价格比高,实用灵活的优点.     

月球着陆器悬停阶段相对自主导航方法

月球着陆器着陆阶段导航信息分析是实现安全软着陆月面的一个关键.针对悬停阶段导航信息的要求,根据月球着陆器携带的仪器设备及其获取月面信息的特点,利用激光测距仪和光学导航相机进行光学相对导航.首先建立相对导航坐标系;其次根据各个坐标系之间的关系确定各转换矩阵和导航信息,估算着陆器相对月面着陆点的位置和姿态;最后通过仿真实验对该方法进行验证.结果表明,将激光测距仪和光学导航相机在着陆悬停阶段获取的月面信息进行融合,能快速、精确进行相对位置、姿态计算;对我国下一步的探月有重要应用价值,并可应用于火星探测和其他小行星探测的软着陆的近距相对导航.      

一种基于卷积神经网络的地磁基准图构建方法

地磁匹配导航技术是一种重要的辅助导航制导方法，地磁基准图的构建精度对地磁匹配制导的精准度起着决定性作用。针对现有地磁基准图构建精度难以满足实际地磁匹配导航需求的问题，提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的地磁基准图构建方法。首先，利用卷积层提取低分辨率基准图中的特征图像块；然后，利用基于学习的阈值收缩算法（LISTA）实现图像块的稀疏表示；最后，利用三通道的地磁信息得到重建后的高分辨率基准图。实验结果表明:所提方法对地磁基准图具有更高的构建精度，同时对噪声有更好的鲁棒性，各种客观评价指标均高于现有的超分辨率重建方法。      

基于视惯融合的无人飞行器导航数据仿真方法

无人飞行器在卫星信号拒止情况下难以获得较高的导航精度。为此,需要研究基于载体自身传感设备的自主导航定位方法。立足于飞行器平台的视觉惯性紧耦合算法架构VINS-Mono,提出并设计了一种视觉惯性数据仿真方法,针对匀速直线运动过程无法恢复视觉尺度的问题,进行了初始化运动轨迹补充。仿真研究结果表明,该方法补充的轨迹能够很好地对齐视觉与惯性信息并恢复尺度,实现导航参数的正确求解。在理想条件下,500m平飞范围内定位误差占比不超过真值的3.5%,可作为评估卫星拒止环境下无人飞行器视觉惯性组合导航性能的参考方案。     

指标测试在导航雷达检修维护中的应用

通过研究船用导航雷达系统结构及各功能模块作用,对影响导航雷达正常运行的关键技术指标进行了详细的分析。提出在船用导航雷达的检修维护工作中,利用无线电计量设备测试关键技术指标,从而对设备状态进行准确评估的方法。通过实践证明,该方法准确可靠,对设备的检修维护工作提供了良好的参考。     

高中低轨导航星座混合体制星间链路规划

针对北斗系统加入低轨增强星座后的高中低混合星座特点,为了满足下一代导航星座主要的星间链路业务需求,提出了一种分级规划的混合星座星间链路规划方案。优先为激光星间链路的MEO、LEO、MEO-LEO建立拓扑,基于此拓扑提出了时分体制的分组拓扑规划算法。针对导航星座高中低速混合星间网络不同体制的路由提出了2种不同的改进路由算法,并对混合体制星间链路进行了仿真和规划。对规划结果进行了统计分析,验证了混合网络规划方法的正确性和混合网络在低轨监测数据回传、层间数据传输、导航信息上注3个典型导航业务场景的数据传输效能。低轨监测数据回传和连续体制节点导航信息上注时延均在1s之内,在94%的时间里有5~8条层间星间链路,时分体制节点在92%的时间里可以在12s内完成上行注入,为下一代导航系统规划设计提供参考建议。     

中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案优化设计

针对中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案的优化问题,首先提出了在轨备份星轨位优化设计方法,考虑星座运行期间在轨备份星与工作卫星存在共同提供服务的情况,选取PDOP值和可见卫星数作为轨位优化指标,建立了轨位优化模型,并基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法对不同轨位下在轨备份星对导航星座服务性能的提升效果进行仿真分析;然后,基于在轨备份星轨位的优化结果,建立在轨备份星替换的轨道机动模型,并综合考虑速度增量和替换时间,确定了以替换时间最少为优化目标的在轨备份星替换方案。结果表明,提出的在轨备份方案能有效满足备份星的设计需求,增强导航星座的服务性能,实现故障卫星的快速替换,可为导航星座备份星的建设提供借鉴。     

组合服务控制流测试

结合Web服务本体语言(OWL-S,Web Ontology Language for Services)和线性时态逻辑理论(LTL, Linear Temporal Logic),研究用于测试的组合服务流程形式化描述方法和动态测试信息分析方法.将OWL-S作为组合服务的需求参考模型,采用组合服务标准和形式化描述方法相结合的方式,用线性时态逻辑刻画OWL-S控制结构的动态语义,明确地表示出控制结构中各成分的执行顺序.进一步用线性时态逻辑公式集合描述组合服务的控制流需求,从而使原子服务的交互模式有了明确的表示.基于这种交互模式表示,采用LTL在有限状态序列上的语义,对组合服务实现执行过程中获取的动态信息进行分析,测试组合服务实现的执行过程与组合服务控制流需求的一致性.     

Design of BDS-3 integrity monitoring and preliminary analysis of its performance

With the improvement in the service accuracy and expansion of the application scope of satellite navigation systems, users now have high demands for system integrity that are directly related to navigation safety. As a crucial index to measure the reliability of satellite navigation systems, integrity is the ability of the system to send an alarm when an abnormity occurs. The new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) prioritized the upgrading of system integrity as an important objective in system construction. Because the system provides both basic navigation and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) services by the operational control system, BDS-3 adopts an integrated integrity monitoring and processing strategy that applies satellite autonomous integrity monitoring and ground-based integrity monitoring for both the basic navigation service and SBAS navigation service. BDS-3 also uses an improved and refined integrity parameter system to provide slow, fast and real-time integrity parameters for basic navigation, and provide SBAS-provided integrity information messages in accordance with Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) specification and dual frequency, multi-constellation (DFMC) specification to support the SBAS signal frequency, single constellation operation and DFMC operation respectively. The performance of BDS-3 system integrity monitoring is preliminarily verified during on-orbit testing in different states, including normal operation, satellite clock failure and satellite ephemeris failure. The results show that satellite autonomous integrity monitoring, ground-based integrity monitoring and satellite-based augmentation all correctly work within the system. Satellite autonomous integrity monitoring can detect satellite clock failure but not satellite orbit failure. However, ground-based integrity monitoring can detect both. Moreover, the satellite-based augmentation integrity system monitors the differential range error after satellite ephemeris and clock error corrections based on user requirements. Compared to the near minute-level time-to-alert capability of ground-based integrity monitoring, satellite autonomous integrity monitoring reduces the system alert time to less than 4 s. With a combined satellite-ground monitoring strategy and the implementation of different monitoring technologies, the BDS-3 integrity of service has been considerably improved.     

星间链路联合磁测约束的低轨星座自主导航

为解决星座仅依靠星间链路测量进行自主导航时的整体旋转和漂移问题,提出一种星间链路联合磁测约束的低轨星座自主导航方法.通过星间观测相机和磁强计,获得同轨道相邻卫星视线矢量与地磁场方向之间的角距和地磁场模值,为低轨星座引入空间基准信息.在非秩亏性分析的基础上,分别建立状态方程和量测方程,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法进行整星座的最优状态估计.仿真结果表明,星座卫星自主导航位置精度优于20m,速度精度优于0.05m·s-1,自主导航运行时间维持180天,能够满足低轨卫星星座自主导航的应用需求.      

Optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation for Mars orbiter

In this paper, we address the issue of the integrated navigation algorithm with different combination of measurements for Mars orbiter. First, system dynamic model and navigation measurement models using optical measurement information, radio measurement information and X-ray pulsars measurement information are respectively established. Second, optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation algorithm is proposed, and observability analysis of the integrated navigation system is also conducted. Third, adaptive extended Kalman filter is adopted to fuse measurement information and suppress measurement and process noise to optimally estimate the state of Mars orbiter. Monte Carlo simulation results show that optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation can effectively improve the navigation accuracy and satisfy the navigation requirements of Mars orbiter.     

超低轨道地球卫星脉冲星/星光折射/光谱组合导航

针对超低轨道地球卫星导航自主需求,提出了一种脉冲星/星光折射/光谱测速组合天文导航方法。首先根据地球超低轨道卫星运行轨道动力学方程建立导航系统状态模型;分别根据脉冲到达时间差和星光折射角与天体光谱频率建立导航系统量测模型;使用Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法,降低随机误差对导航精度的影响,使用基于UKF的信息融合方法,有效融合了三种天文导航方法结果数据。经计算机仿真分析,该组合导航方法位置导航误差均值为85.62m,速度误差均值0.190m/s,能够满足超低轨道地球卫星在轨运行导航需求。     

基于星光角距/激光测距的卫星组合导航方法

为了进一步提高卫星天文自主导航精度,提出了一种利用激光测距辅助的天文组合导航方法。激光测距能够直接获取卫星到地面参考信标的高精度距离信息,在以星光角距为观测量的天文导航系统中引入激光测距辅助数据,可以拓展滤波器观测量的维度,从而改善滤波效果。由于组合导航系统为非线性系统,为避免泰勒展开线性化引起的二阶截断误差,采用UKF滤波方法进行组合导航系统信息融合。仿真结果表明,所提出的组合导航方法能够明显提升导航精度,改善滤波性能。     

基于射频的导航卫星星间链路信息传输与仿真研究

星间链路是导航卫星实现精密定轨和自主导航的关键技术之一。导航卫星通过星间链路完成伪距测量和数据交换,维持系统稳定运行的时空基准,保证系统持续提供精准导航服务。根据全球导航卫星系统的建设情况和发展趋势,首先介绍星间观测和信息传输频段,并从天线特征、多址控制方式和网络拓扑结构等角度分析了射频链路的工作体制。最后,针对实际导航卫星星座,应用OPNET平台建立导航信息传输仿真模型,通过分析信息传输效率,验证了基于射频链路导航信息传输的可行性和有效性,对全球导航卫星系统的星间链路研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于稀疏表示和字典学习的地磁基准图构建方法

地磁匹配导航在导航制导领域具有重要作用，地磁基准图的构建精度决定了地磁匹配导航的有效性。针对现有地磁基准图构建精度难以满足实际应用需求的问题，提出了基于稀疏表示和字典学习的高精度地磁基准图构建方法。首先，利用矩谐分析(RHA)进行稀疏字典的初始化；其次，利用K-SVD算法对稀疏字典进行训练；最后，利用低分辨率和高分辨率基准图具有相同稀疏系数的特点重建高分辨率地磁基准图。实验结果表明:所提方法对地磁基准图具有更高的构建精度，对训练所需的数据集有更低的需求，同时对噪声有更好的鲁棒性。与PSO-Kriging插值法相比，在4倍放大倍数下峰值信噪比(PSNR)由26.31 dB提高至26.73 dB，结构相似度(SSIM)由0.498提高至0.524，均方根误差(RMSE)由14.96 nT减小至13.78 nT。      

基于射频的导航卫星星间链路信息传输与仿真研究

星间链路是导航卫星实现精密定轨和自主导航的关键技术之一。导航卫星通过星间链路完成伪距测量和数据交换,维持系统稳定运行的时空基准,保证系统持续提供精准导航服务。根据全球导航卫星系统的建设情况和发展趋势,首先介绍星间观测和信息传输频段,并从天线特征、多址控制方式和网络拓扑结构等角度分析了射频链路的工作体制。最后,针对实际导航卫星星座,应用OPNET平台建立导航信息传输仿真模型,通过分析信息传输效率,验证了基于射频链路导航信息传输的可行性和有效性,对全球导航卫星系统的星间链路研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Analysis of BDS-3 distributed autonomous navigation based on BeiDou system simulation platform

Satellite autonomous navigation is an important function of the BeiDou-3 navigation System (BDS-3). Satellite autonomous navigation means that the navigation satellite uses long-term forecast ephemeris and Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements to determinate its own spatial position and time reference without the support of the ground Operation and Control System (OCS) for a long time to ensure that the navigation system can normally maintain the time and space reference. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of distributed autonomous navigation algorithms. For the first time, a ground parallel autonomous navigation test system (GPANTS) is built. The performance of distributed autonomous navigation is then analyzed using the two-way ISL ranging of BDS-3 satellites. First, the BDS simulation platform and the GPANTS are introduced. Then, the basic principles of distributed satellite autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization based on ISL measurements are summarized. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of the BDS-3 constellation autonomous navigation service under ideal conditions through simulation data. Then the performance of autonomous navigation for 22 BeiDou-3 satellites using ISL measurements is evaluated. The results show that when satellites operate autonomously for 50 days without the support of any ground station, the User Range Error (URE) of autonomous orbit determination is better than 3 m, and the time synchronization accuracy is better than 4 ns.     

Kalman filter based estimation of differential hardware biases with triangular interpolation technique for IRNSS

Ionosphere delay correction is the main error correction to the computation of single frequency user position using satellite navigation. However ionosphere delay consists of not only delay but also frequency dependent differential hardware biases from satellite and receiver ends. For ionosphere point of view, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) service area comes in equatorial anomaly region. It is a unique satellite navigation system which operates at L5 and S frequencies and consists of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Geo Synchronous Orbit (GSO) satellite constellation. With IRNSS measurements availability, there is a good opportunity to estimate and analyse differential hardware biases with GEO/GSO combination and with equatorial ionosphere variation. In this paper, Kalman filter based estimation with triangular interpolation technique is used to estimate differential hardware biases for all IRNSS satellites and reference receivers at L5 frequency. The standard deviation of the 15?days of daily estimation of satellite differential hardware biases is in the range of 0.32 to 1.17 TECU for all IRNSS satellites. Similarly, the standard deviation of the 15?days of daily estimation varies up to 2.85 and 6.0 TECU for receiver differential hardware biases during calm and stormy period respectively. The ionosphere delay computed using estimated differential hardware biases is compared with Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) data. A rigorous analysis is carried out to study the error in the estimation in terms of input data noise level, satellite constellation and effect of latitude. Our result reveals that over IRNSS service area, there is an exponential increase in the error in the estimation of receiver differential hardware biases with respect to latitude.     

深空天文自主导航技术发展综述

航天器地面无线电导航在深空中面临着信息传输时延长、数据传输率低、天体遮挡等问题,难以满足未来深空探测的导航需求。天文自主导航技术利用天文信息为航天器提供导航支持,可有效提高其在深空中的生存能力及任务执行能力,已成为深空导航领域的研究热点。结合国内外深空探测任务及其实际工程需求,首先概述了深空天文自主导航技术发展的现状和特点,进而总结了深空天文自主导航的发展趋势和重点研究内容,最后对深空天文自主导航技术的发展提出了若干建议。     

中国全球卫星导航信号基本框架设计

中国的全球卫星导航信号设计必须遵循许多约束条件,具备国际可协调性,导航信号的服务类型、载波中心频率、调制方式和伪随机码序列均需参加与GPS、Galileo进行的频率协调。依据参加与GPS频率协调的参考假设文件,描述了中国的全球卫星导航信号结构、基本参数、公开导航信号的伪随机扩频码序列和二次编码序列,计算表明伪随机扩频序列的性能与GPS信号伪随机扩频序列性能相当。