分布式航天器相对轨道确定方法

根据航天器相对运动的C-W-Hill方程建立的动态模型,以及基于无线电测量方案建立的相对距离观测模型,提出了一种用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)确定分布式航天器相对轨道的方法。用STK、Matlab软件进行的仿真验证结果表明,该方法可确定分布式航天器相对位置和相对速度,所获解的精度较高。     

空间非合作目标超近距离位姿测量技术研究

对一种基于显著特征点的空间非合作目标超近距离位姿测量技术方案进行了研究。给出了方法的流程。介绍了非合作目标捕获与跟踪、特征提取、特征匹配、三维结构重建、相对位置与相对姿态测量等关键技术。仿真结果验证了其可行性。     

模块化核动力航天器设计及其关键技术

为提高核动力航天器关键技术的可继承性与可扩展性,缩短核动力航天器研发周期,降低研发成本,本文通过总结国外核动力航天器发展现状,梳理核动力航天器研制特点,结合模块化航天器概念及设计原则,首次提出模块化核动力航天器概念。将核动力航天器分为核电源模块、平台中心模块、载荷模块3大独立模块,并针对体系架构设计提出3层建设方案,针对模块化核动力航天器梳理关键技术难点,为后续项目研究提供应用参考。     

基于无奇点根数的空间相对导航插值滤波算法

为了提高椭圆轨道航天器的相对导航精度,将基于Stirling公式的多项式插值滤波方法（DDF2）引入导航算法,降低了传统的卡尔曼滤波方法中泰勒级数展开线性化     

GPS在航天器编队飞行任务中的基础性作用

GPS正在改变航天器的测控格局 ,拓宽卫星和星座控制技术 ,从而构成空间编队飞行定时、测量和控制的技术基础。国内外已开发出对航天器编队飞行任务进行精确定位和导航的GPS方案。GPS将充当一大类多航天器编队飞行任务的导航系统。在当前开发的空间编队飞行技术中 ,编队航天器的测量和控制、星间链路通信、任务综合与验证、编队飞行试验台、分散式控制、高轨道航天器的相对导航等 ,无一不与GPS息息相关     

Study of multilayer thermal insulation by inverse problems method

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method in the research of radiative and thermal properties of materials with further applications in the design of thermal control systems (TCS) of spacecrafts. In this paper the radiative and thermal properties (emissivity and thermal conductance) of a multilayered thermal-insulating blanket (MLI), which is a screen-vacuum thermal insulation as a part of the TCS for perspective spacecrafts, are estimated. Properties of the materials under study are determined in the result of temperature and heat flux measurement data processing based on the solution of the inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP) technique. Given are physical and mathematical models of heat transfer processes in a specimen of the multilayered thermal-insulating blanket located in the experimental facility. A mathematical formulation of the inverse heat conduction problem is presented as well. The practical approves were made for specimen of the real MLI.     

基于对偶四元数的航天器交会对接位姿视觉测量算法

根据光学测量基本原理建立双目视觉测量模型,提出基于双目视觉的航天器间相对位姿 的测量方法。利用对偶四元数,建立目标航天器的坐标系和追踪航天器上的摄像机坐标 系之间的关系,构造出航天器交会对接位姿误差模型,通过使用拉格朗日求极值的方法,解 算出航天器间的相对位置和姿态。仿真结果表明该算法有效,能够满足航天器交会对接的测 控要求。     

航天器在轨释放安全性分析与仿真研究

针对航天器舱内在轨释放任务,文章建立了大型航天器与伴随卫星的动力学模型和运动学模型,并分析了影响释放安全性的主要因素;从保证航天器在轨安全的角度,得到描述释放安全性的最小相对距离计算方法,并利用ADAMS软件对航天器在轨释放过程进行了仿真研究。     

基于激光实时跟踪测量的航天器编队相对位置测量方法

为了解决编队航天器间相对位置的高精度测量，实现航天器编队自主飞行，提出基于激光实时跟踪测量航天器间相对位置的测量定位方法，建立了航天器间相对位置测量的数学模型。该测量方法在直角坐标系下用Hill方程建立编队航天器相对运动模型，得出航天器相对运动轨迹的解析解，在极坐标系下建立航天器间相对位置的激光跟踪测量模型，将激光跟踪测量系统的测量值转换到直角坐标系，对转换误差进行去偏差补偿，利用卡尔曼滤波方法进行数据处理，以提高航天器间的相对位置测量精度。仿真结果表明，若对于测距精度为5厘米，测角精度为0．1度的激光跟踪测量系统，采用去偏差转换测量卡尔曼滤波方法，航天器空间相对位置精度可达到厘米量级。     

航天器智能控制的研究和设计

本文介绍智能控制的产生和发展,探讨智能控制的基本概念,详细说明智能控制三个层次的具体含义及其与传统控制理论的主要区别。针对未来航天器控制中的特点,展望智能控制在航天器控制中的应用前景,深入分析了在未来航天器控制中应用智能控制的必要性和可行性。文章最后介绍了航天器变结构变系数智能控制的特点及总体结构,给出了一个主从型智能控制系统的实例。     

海事卫星系统在载人航天数据中继的应用

对海事卫星系统用于载人航天器数据中继的基本方法及可能性进行了讨论。从海事卫星系统的构成、链路能量和天线跟踪等方面论证了使用海事卫星系统中继载人航天数据的可能性。论述了工程实施中的关键技术和解决措施。提出了采用导频接收机来实施多普勒频移补偿的解决方案。最后认为使用海事卫星中继载人航天数据是可行的，可有效提高载人航天器的测控通信覆盖率。     

航天器自主运行技术的进展

阐述了航天器自主运行的概念、目标和任务。对自主运行和传统测控方式进行了比较。最后重点介绍了航天器自主运行技术的进展情况。文章分4个部分介绍自主运行技术。首先介绍了2种自主运行体系结构，它们是自主运行各种功能集成的基础。第2部分介绍了2种智能规划与调度技术。第3部分介绍了基于模型的故障诊断与系统重构技术。第4部分介绍了有效载荷数据自主处理的进展情况。最后进行了总结并介绍了与自主运行相关的其他技术。     

An Artificial Neural Network That Uses Coarse Allocentric Coding of Direction to Represent Distances Between Locations in a Metric Space

An artificial neural network was trained to rate the distances between all possible pairs taken from a set of thirteen different cities on the map of Alberta. After learning to solve this problem, the internal structure of the network was analyzed. It was found that in spite of the fact that the network was trained to rate distances, the hidden units in the network were not sensitive to distance at all. Instead, it was found that each hidden unit could be located at a particular latitude and longitude on the map of Alberta, and that at this location each hidden unit was associated with a specific heading. Each hidden unit measured the bearing of each city relative to the hidden unit's heading, and when a stimulus was presented to the network, the hidden units combined the two city bearings and generated an activity level based on this combination. The output units of the network generated an accurate distance rating by combining the directional signals that were being computed by the hidden units. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories about cognitive maps, in particular the modularization of distance measurements from directional measurements.     

基于单应视差的月面着陆区离面测量及平坦性分析

文章针对月球探测器的软着陆,提出了基于由平面诱导的单应视差的月面着陆区离面距离测量及平坦性分析方法.对于特征点分布不均匀情况,采用邻近特征点内插方法在全图强制性近似均匀选择点云作为兴趣点,用基于极线约束和单应约束融合的方法匹配纹理不丰富的兴趣点.使用由平面诱导的单应视差计算兴趣点的离面距离,以离面距离的最大值、绝对值的...     

航天光学遥感探测器滤光片环境考核方法

滤光片是航天光学遥感探测器的关键部件,其环境稳定性直接影响到探测器的光谱响应特性。文章以现有的航天器、电子元器件、光学膜层等环境考核标准为基础,参考欧空局、DALSA(加拿大数字影像器件公司)等的考核条件,并结合在遥感相机研发生产过程中与滤光片相关的环境考核项目,首次提出了一套针对航天光学遥感探测器滤光片的环境考核方法,给出了考核项目、考核流程、参考试验条件、测试项目、测试方法。考核项目包括高低温循环、热真空、热存储、湿度、辐照考核;测试项目包括光谱特性测试、膜层牢固度测试。该方法已在遥感型号产品上实施并得到在轨和地面试验验证,可作为滤光片环境考核的参考。     

服务型航天器共轨式轨道机动方式研究

随着航天器应用领域的不断扩大,在轨服务将有广阔的发展空间。当高价值的有人或无人航天器出现故障时,需要在最短的时间内获得在轨应急服务。本文首先根据未来服务型航天器提供应急服务面临的实际问题,分析研究了服务类型及其对响应时间的要求,其次建立了漂移式、组合式、直接弹道式3种共轨式机动模型,并给出了机动时间、能量、相位的关系式与仿真曲线。最后在此基础上,划分响应时间区间,根据该区间提出了选择机动方式的建议。     

载人航天器舱内辐射剂量监测技术综述

文章介绍了美国、苏联/俄罗斯载人航天器舱内辐射剂量监测技术及部分监测结果,分析了我国“神舟3号”和“神舟4号”飞船返回舱内的辐射剂量探测技术及结果,并在此基础上就我国载人航天器的辐射剂量探测方法提出若干建议。     

航天器交会对接中摄像机内参数在轨标定算法

针对航天器交会对接过程中位姿参数的测量问题,本文考虑到飞行器在轨运行期间,CCD 相机受空间环境的影响,其内参数会发生变化的实际情况,提出航天器交会对接中摄像机内参数标定的线性方法。其主要特点是摄像机只需拍摄三幅光标点图像,无须知道该组光标点的任何几何信息。通过计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程即可线性求解摄像机内参数。仿真实验表明,该方法在航天器交会对接中,使得摄像机内参数的标定具有简便、实时和鲁棒性强的特点。     

Space missions for SETI.

Radio Telescopes for SETI searches are less demanding than general purpose astronomical radio telescopes. This provides an opportunity to exploit economical approaches in designing SETI systems. Radio Telescopes in low Earth orbit offer no discernible advantages to SETI; indeed, they probably would perform more poorly than a telescope in any other location. Telescopes in geosynchronous orbits would be sufficiently far from Earth to mitigate greatly the deleterious effect of human radio transmissions. Telescopes on the far side of the moon would be superb both from a radio interference standpoint, and from a civil engineering standpoint. Single-reflector telescopes as large as 50 kilometers in diameter could be constructed with conventional materials. However, their costs appear prohibitive. The asteroid belt and the outer solar system are unpromising places to place a large radio telescope. Perhaps the ultimate radio telescope would utilize the sun as a gravitational lens, focusing radiation on free-flying 10-meter class or possibly larger radio telescopes located at distances of the order of 1000 A.U. from the sun. Such a combination has an energy collecting area at 10 centimeters wavelength equivalent to that of a radio telescope about 11 kilometers in diameter, or of the order of 3000 Arecibo radio telescopes. Such a system could detect transmitters with EIRP of the order of a gigawatt at a distance of the order of the distance to the galactic center.     

Concept of a space telescope able to see the planets and even the satellites around the nearest stars

The Space Telescope will be launched in 1986 and will improve considerably our observational possibilities, but not the visibility of outer planetary systems.The solar system as seen from Alpha Centauri is presented, as well as the nearest stars and the main cameras of the Space Telescope.As a possible improvement the action of a distant and star-shaped screen is described; that screen is 100 to 800 meters and placed 10⁵ to 10⁶ km in front of the telescope; it allows one to avoid the dazzling effect of the stars and to look for planets such as Jupiter and Saturn up to 20 to 40 light-years. Such planets as Earth and Venus are a little less visible.The visibility of satellites such as the Moon is discussed; it remains at the limit of our technical possibilities.This conceptual paper does not consider in detail the technical difficulties involved.