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航天员长期驻留载人航天器组合体期间,当发生影响驻留安全的故障且决策应急撤离时,需进行应急撤离任务规划,合理安排撤离期间各飞行事件执行时机,以保障航天员安全及时撤离。为此,首先在对应急撤离各影响因素深入分析的基础上,重点研究撤离期间分离点选取需满足的约束条件,并构造拉格朗日函数求解满足条件的分离点;其次以求解的分离点为基准,对分离前后飞行事件进行人工规划;最后,以测控区内发生载人环境异常故障,地面决策应急撤离为例进行规划,实现了撤离项目和撤离时间的量化。结果表明:本文采用的方法能够在应急撤离允许处置时间内完成撤离,且分离前后各事件满足约束条件,测控等待时长较短,能实现航天员在应急情况下安全撤离。 相似文献
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针对未来深空探测活动中航天员在多种复杂任务环境下的运动助力需求,提出一种面向航天员穿戴式助力系统的运动意图检测算法。以航天员的关节力矩作为运动意图的表征,利用希尔伯特-黄变换对特定肌肉发出的肌声信号进行滤波处理,以消除由肢体运动导致的伪迹噪声和由传感器引入的高频噪声,并参照肌肉的发力原理对滤波后的肌声信号进行特征值提取,通过机器学习的方法建立肌声信号与关节力矩间的映射关系,使助力系统能够及时准确地识别出航天员的运动意图并实施助力。最后募集了3名志愿者进行了150 000组样本数据关节力矩辨识实验,实验结果表明:所提出算法的决定系数可达0.953 2,能够有效辨识航天员的运动意图。 相似文献
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针对载人深空探索中的空间辐射,特别是大规模太阳粒子事件对航天员的威胁,需要在载人航天器内建立空间辐射应急防护区,为航天员在遭遇太阳粒子事件的时候提供必要的保护。考虑热融化压实技术在降低废弃物的空间占用率、高温杀菌和回收水分的同时能在不增加额外载荷的情况下为航天员空间辐射应急防护区的建设提供材料,在载人航天废弃物模型的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法对其热融化压实产物的质子防护能力进行了计算,结合太阳粒子事件能谱和组织器官剂量计算转换因子,对不同屏蔽条件下太阳粒子事件造成航天员组织器官剂量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在10 g/cm~2屏蔽厚度下,皮肤、脑、心脏以及红骨髓的辐射剂量都大大降低,均在剂量限值之下;除了需要对眼采取额外的局部防护措施以外,5 g/cm~2铝屏蔽+5 g/cm~2载人航天废弃物热融化压实产物基本上可以满足对太阳粒子事件的防护需求。 相似文献
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采用高电压太阳电池阵供电系统的低轨道(LEO)大型航天器会收集周围空间环境电子电流,使其被充电到较高的负电位,从而对航天器交会对接和航天员出舱产生严重的危害,因此对这种航天器表面电位进行主动控制可有效降低航天器运行风险和保障航天员安全。采用地面模拟试验的方法,利用空心阴极等离子体接触器发射电子的手段,模拟太空环境下对带负电航天器表面电位进行有效控制。研究结果表明,最小工质流率大于4.0 sccm时空心阴极发射的电子电流可以抵消航天器吸收的电子电流,实现航天器电位的自适应控制,将航天器表面电位钳制在20 V之内;且随着氙气流率的增加,钳位电压会更小。这一方法将有效避免航天员出舱活动和航天器交会对接时的放电危险,对中国航天器带电效应防护具有很重要的意义。 相似文献
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Thagard N 《Aerospace America》1996,34(1):12-14
This article is an interview with U.S. astronaut Norman Thagard. He was on the Russian Mir 18 mission. Launched to the space station from Baikonur on March 14, 1995, he returned to Earth on the Shuttle 115 days later. With the completion of that mission, Thagard holds the U.S. record for the most time spent in space. Topics of discussion during the interview include: the cultural isolation faced by an American astronaut on a Russian space facility; the physiological and psychological effects of long-duration space flight; the problems of loss of bone and the radiation environment; readaptation to gravity on Earth; and, recommendations to the designers of the Alpha station. 相似文献
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Jones T 《Aerospace America》2003,41(9):32-34
An astronaut reviews crew escape systems used in the NASA Shuttle Program and explores options for upgrading crew safety on future Shuttle missions. 相似文献
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Ride S 《Aerospace America》2003,41(8):12-15
Sally Ride discusses her career after leaving the astronaut corps, particularly her company, Imaginary Lines, which encourages middle school-aged girls to pursue careers in science and mathematics. 相似文献
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[目的]阐明突破空间大气环境障碍的人机工程内容之一航空航天大气环境医学工程的作用,地位与相互关系及主要进展。 [方法]在运用苏俄和美国等有关资料以及我国预研资料的基础上,对航空航天大气环境医学工程进行较系统的阐述。 [内容]航空航天大气环境因素的危害、航空大气环境医学工程的作用、航天大气环境医学工程的作用、航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系。[结论]航空航天大气环境医学工程的基本作用是防护低压、缺氧、高低温和舱内污染等4大有害因素,它保证了飞行员和航天员的安全性并兼顾了航天员的适居性和工效学要求。航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系是 3个结合:航空医学与航天医学 (医医结合),航空工程与航天工程 (工工结合),航空航天医学与航空航天工程 (医工结合),而且尚待进一步加强。资料表明,航空航天大气环境医学工程展示了高新的发展前景。 相似文献
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Jones TD 《Aerospace America》2005,43(8):14-16
A former astronaut justifies human space exploration and provides a rebuttal to criticism of continued exploration. The discussion includes examples of skeptics' arguments and examples of NASA achievements that have had direct economic and social impacts on the United States. 相似文献
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Manned space flight offers the opportunity to couple the astronaut /scientist's ability to select and process data and to calibrate, modify, and repair instruments with the vantage point for astronomical observations provided by a platformlocated above the Earth's atmosphere. The role which manned space flight may play in the 1970-1990 time period in meeting astronomy research needs is examined. The instruments and facilities that appear feasible for that period are described. 相似文献
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In preparation for the International Space Station, the Enhanced Dynamic Load Sensors Space Flight Experiment measured the forces and moments astronauts exerted on the Mir Space Station during their daily on-orbit activities to quantify the astronaut-induced disturbances to the microgravity environment during a long-duration space mission. An examination of video recordings of the astronauts moving in the modules and using the instrumented crew restraint and mobility load sensors led to the identification of several typical astronaut motions and the quantification of the associated forces and moments exerted on the spacecraft. For 2806 disturbances recorded by the foot restraints and hand-hold sensor, the highest force magnitude was 137 N. For about 96% of the time, the maximum force magnitude was below 60 N, and for about 99% of the time the maximum force magnitude was below 90 N. For 95% of the astronaut motions, the rms force level was below 9.0 N. It can be concluded that expected astronaut-induced loads from usual intravehicular activity are considerably less than previously thought and will not significantly disturb the microgravity environment. 相似文献