应力对7050铝合金时效成形组织和性能的影响

采用显微硬度、透射电子显微镜等手段,研究了应力时效对预时效态7050铝合金时效析出行为与硬度的影响,并通过与无应力时效进行对比揭示了外加应力对预时效态7050铝合金时效硬化的作用机制。研究结果表明:与无应力时效相比,外加应力可加速7050铝合金时效硬化速率,减小峰值硬度和缩短欠时效时间,同时外加应力能促进7050铝合金析出相的析出和长大。此外,TEM观察表明:应力时效过程中合金性能的变化与其微观组织的演变密切相关;应力时效初期,η’相的析出使硬度上升并达到峰值;随后,η’相转变成η相以及η相粗化引起硬度单调下降。     

高强Al-Cu-Li-X铝锂合金2A97三级时效工艺及性能研究

以新型高强Al-Gu-Li-X铝锂合金2A97为研究对象,通过拉伸试验研究两种三级时效工艺及其改型工艺对合金性能的影响.结果表明,含有δ′相二次析出过程的三级时效和含有δ′相回溶过程的三级时效处理合金的强度和塑性达到T6峰值时效水平,三级时效改型工艺由于增加变形使前者合金的强度升高,塑性降低,使后者的强度显著提高.三级时效和单级时效合金的主要显微组织有δ′相、θ″/θ′相和T1相.三级时效改型工艺由于增加变形促进δ′相析出和δ′相回溶,同时变形促进T1相析出,从而改变了主要强化相δ′相和T1相的数量.     

应力时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度测试、光学显微镜、透射电镜等研究了时效过程中外加应力对A l-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,在应力时效和无应力时效的条件下,合金组织中均发生了完全再结晶,时效过程中施加外应力没有改变合金再结晶晶粒的形貌,但对析出相有较大影响。在应力时效条件下,合金中θ′相和Ω相均沿某一方向呈择优取向析出,即有应力位向效应产生。应力时效能够促进θ′相的析出,而抑制Ω相的析出,合金的峰值硬度也有所降低。这可能是由于在应力时效初期引入了大量的位错,为θ′相的异相形核提供了有利的位置,从而使与θ′相具有相同化学成分的Ω相的析出受到抑制。这一点从时效前预拉伸(变形量为6%)能够使θ′相数量增多而Ω相数量减少,且硬度略有降低得到验证。在应力时效过程中,位错的存在不利于溶质原子的扩散,阻碍了原子团簇的形成,从而延缓了合金中强化相的析出。     

Al-4Cu-1.3Mg-0.9Si合金的析出强化行为

通过硬度测试、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析、拉伸性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)微观组织观察,研究了Al-4Cu-1.3Mg-0.9Si合金的析出强化行为。结果表明:合金具有较强的析出强化能力;合金在160～220℃下时效,随时效温度的升高,合金的时效响应速率加快,时效峰值硬度有所下降;合金在190℃时效态时,其主要析出相为S相,在190℃/24h时效态合金中还发现少量的方块状相;合金经190℃/24h时效后其常温和高温抗拉强度较同等条件下制备、同等热处理状态下的Al-4Cu-1.3Mg合金有明显的提高。     

1.0wt％Li对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效硬化的影响

对含1.0wt%Li和不含Li的5.6wt%Zn,1.9wt%Mg,1.6wt%Cu,0.3wt%Er合金在110℃,120℃和160℃进行单级时效,并对含Li的铝合金进行110℃ 5h+160℃ 40h两级时效。由于合金中Li对GP区的抑制作用,与不含Li合金相比,含Li合金的单级时效硬化效果差。双级时效时,含Li铝合金具有较好的强化硬化效果,这与形成了η′相和T′相有关。     

大规格B93铝合金棒材的淬透性研究

通过硬度测试、X射线衍射分析、有限元模拟以及TEM微观组织观察等手段研究了大规格B93铝合金棒材的淬透性.研究结果表明,淬火后,越靠近棒材中心,晶内和晶界析出的平衡相(MgZn2)数量越多,尺寸越大,120℃/24h时效后的强化效果就越低;而棒材表面则处于完全固溶状态,组织均匀,时效后析出大量细小弥散的η'沉淀相,合金...     

铝锂合金热机械处理研究进展

综述了热机械处理对新型铝锂合金强韧化机制影响的研究,深入分析讨论了热机械处理对铝锂合金晶粒结构和沉淀相等显微组织演变规律的影响。通过热机械处理改变主要沉淀相的析出顺序和析出行为,促进基体形成细小、弥散和均匀分布的以δ′,θ″/θ′,T1,S″S′相为主的联合强化组织,抑制晶界沉淀相的析出和长大以及晶界无析出带的宽化,能够显著改善铝锂合金的强度和塑韧性匹配。经过固溶处理基体溶质原子和空位密度显著上升,淬火后形成这些缺陷过饱和固溶体为随后时效析出提供了动力。预变形和预时效促进了基体细小弥散的沉淀相δ′相或G. P.区均匀形核析出,在高温时效调节和稳定沉淀相尺寸和体积分数,获得T1、θ″/θ′和δ′相混合组织。新型和特殊热机械处理调控主要强化相δ′,θ″/θ′,T1相析出比例、尺寸和取向,细化晶粒和优化晶粒结构。最后指出应开发大规格轧制板材和热锻件的应力时效等新型热机械处理工艺,以满足大型航空飞机和重型运载火箭对轻质高性能铝锂合金需求。     

低膨胀高温合金Incoloy903的热处理和组织

Incoloy 903合金系沉淀强化型Ni-Fe-Co基合金,它具有低的热膨胀系数,几乎恒定的弹性模量和较高的强度。本文采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和光学显微镜,研究了该合金在不同温度固溶处理和时效后的显微组织及η相的析出规律。结果表明,在880℃以上固溶为再结晶组织,在850℃以下固溶为温加工组织,在690～720℃时效8～16h,γ′相细小弥散,具有最佳的强化效果。     

高温瞬时和热暴露对2024铝合金组织与性能的影响

本文利用透射电镜研究了高温瞬时和热暴露对2024 T3511状态铝合金拉伸性能的影响及对应的组织变化。实验结果说明,经高温瞬时和热暴露后,强度曲线经过一段平缓阶段迅速下降;而塑性曲线一反常态,塑性与温度不呈单调函数关系,曲线中间有一最低值。微观分析表明,合金存在两种类型时效沉淀相S系列相和X相。S系列相(G.P.区形核)遵循以下时效序列: G.P.区—→S″—→S″+S′—→S′+S—→SX相在S″+S′阶段内析出。与强度曲线平缓阶段对应的组织是G.P.区和S″相,与强度开始下降阶段和塑性最低区域对应的组织为S′+S″+X,这与半共格S′和X的形成有关。与强度下降和塑性回升阶段对应的时效组织是非共格S+X相。     

时效对0Crl5Ni5Cu2Ti钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

研究了960℃和1000℃固溶处理后,时效对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti微观组织与力学性能的影响。钢采用960℃和1000℃固溶处理,在455～460℃时效冲击值出现最低值,断口表现为准解理。强度和硬度在460℃时效出现峰值。主要与组织中细小富铜相共格析出有关。时效温度增加,富铜相长大,强度和硬度降低。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.