Heat transfer on hemispherical protrusions at their different arrangement density on the channel wall

The results of studying the average and local heat transfer on the surface of hemispherical protrusions arranged on one side of the flat channel are presented. The experiments were carried out at the turbulent flow regime in varying the density of protrusions arrangement and the channel height.     

大载荷缠绕杆件的拉伸和压缩性能

采用缠绕成型的方法制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料杆件,对杆件进行了拉伸、压缩试验,并且对缠绕用原材料的性能进行测试。结果表明:缠绕原材料的拉伸及层剪性能优异,缠绕成型的复合材料杆件力学性能较高,压缩与拉伸强度分别大于400与240 MPa,杆件端头是应力集中区域,端头的设计连接以及复合材料的层间性能是影响复合材料杆件拉伸、压缩性能的重要因素。     

Heat transfer enhancement in combined cooling of the turbine blade leading edge

This paper reports the results of an experimental study of heat transfer using a model of the internal cooled surface of the turbine blade leading edge. We investigated a joint action of air jets and hemispherical protrusions on heat transfer from the concave surface of the leading edge model to air.     

倾斜管内自然对流沸腾临界热流密度的研究

用实验方法对浸没在饱和液体中的倾斜加热细管内的自然对流沸腾临界热流密度进行了研究,考察了管径,管长,倾斜角和工质对临界热流密度的影响。实验条件是:管内径从0.9mm到8mm;管长从100mm到400mm;倾斜角从90°到30°。实验工质使用了水和R-11两种液体。本研究中考虑倾斜角对重力的影响,对作者过去提出的用于预示垂直加热管内自然对流沸腾临界热流密度的半理论半经验式进行了修正,修正后的公式能较好的预示本实验结果。      

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.     

无扩口导管组件连接强度试验及夹具设计

基于无扩口组合导管连接强度试验详细介绍了用于该试验的夹具设计过程。该夹具解决了以往连接强度试验时,万能试验机夹头对试验管壁所产生的径向挤压作用力的问题,避免了对试验管件的径向挤压所造成的变形损坏,并通过开展无扩口导管组件连接强度试验,证明该种夹具具有高效、经济、简单、实用的特点,可以推广应用于各类液压导管的连接强度试验。     

大型卫星中心承力筒的材料工艺

讨论了大型中心承力筒的材料与工艺要求。对研制大型中心承力筒需要解决的材料与工艺问题,提出初步建议。     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

脉冲爆震发动机的蒸发助爆器试验

为使φ180 mm的燃用汽油的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机成功起爆,设计了几种型式的蒸发助爆器以提高燃油的蒸发率,通过蒸发助爆器内产生爆震波来触发大管内的爆震波。进行了不同蒸发助爆器管内径(φ13mm,φ16 mm,φ29 mm)的试验比较,φ29 mm的蒸发助爆器内装螺旋型钝体与不装螺旋型钝体的试验比较,以及φ29 mm和φ37 mm都装螺旋型钝体的蒸发助爆器试验比较,分析了不同管径及不同结构蒸发助爆器对爆震波产生的影响及机理,及对爆震波压力、推力的影响。结果表明,采用多管形蒸发助爆器可以使PDE成功起爆。在同样堵塞比下,在蒸发助爆器的小管内加螺旋型钝体并增加螺旋形钝体钢丝直径,减小小管壁厚,对降低推力损失有利。      

无缝钢管近净下料新工艺及实验研究

针对管材的近净下料问题,给出一种基于疲劳断裂机理的新型近净下料工艺。完成了近净下料机和控制系统的实验平台搭建,利用径向循环偏心加载和管材表面缺口的应力集中效应,通过变频调速改变下料模具加载速度,控制在不同下料阶段对管材的加载频率,实现管材的疲劳断裂,完成近净下料。实验结果表明,该近净下料方法切实可行,能满足工业生产中中小直径厚壁管的下料要求。     

凸起数对各封严结构封严效率影响的实验

实验用二氧化碳体积分数测量法研究了凸起数目的变化对盘腔内各参数（静压、总压、封严效率）的影响,目的是获得不同封严结构的封严效率和最小封严流量随凸起数目的变化规律。实验在主流雷诺数和旋转雷诺数为一定范围内,测量了不同封严流量下的参数。结果表明:在实验工况范围内,凸起的数目变化对腔内的静压影响较小,靠近封严环的静压变化几乎可以忽略;而总压和封严效率都和凸起数目成正比,但不同封严结构的变化程度有所不同。从整体上看,径向封严结构效率的提升最明显,轴向封严和静盘双齿封严改善较小。平均每增加一个凸起,三种结构所需的最小封严流量分别可以减少0.96%、0.30%、0.28%。此外,安装了凸起后,旋转雷诺数对封严效率的影响也会更加明显。      

叶尖间隙控制系统供气部件特性及模拟方法

针对低压涡轮叶尖间隙控制系统中典型供气管路,即圆形截面90°弯曲冷却管,开展其工作特性和模拟方法研究.通过1∶1单管模型试验结合三维数值模拟方法,研究了冷却管上冲击孔的出流特性,分析了进气参数、冲击孔排布对冷却管内气体流动及流量分配的影响规律.在此基础上,提出了基于冲击孔进口有效总压概念的冷却管一维网络流动计算模型,建立了低压涡轮叶尖间隙系统中典型供气管路的一维网络流动计算方法,并应用于某型发动机组件流量特性试验设计中.研究中发现,随着远离进口位置,冷却管冲击孔出流流量和冲击孔流量系数逐步增加;随着进口雷诺数的增加,冷却管内冲击孔出流流量均有所增加,而冲击孔流量系数基本保持不变.试验数据和计算结果比对表明,所建立的一维网络流动计算模型可以准确模拟出冷却管的出流特性,计算结果同组件流量特性试验数据之间最大相对误差为4.5%,在叶尖间隙控制系统这类系统复杂流路的流动问题分析中具有良好的应用效果.      

毛细管内部核化过程分析

针对微细结构内部的核化沸腾特性进行理论和实验研究,利用统计理论分析并且导出受热工质内部沸腾发生所需的过热度,揭示出毛细管道内部空间尺度对核化的影响。实验中,对四种工质(去离子水、甲醇、乙醇、四氯化碳)在毛细管内部的沸腾现象进行了观察和测量,结果表明理论分析与实验观测结果吻合得较好。      

复合材料圆筒件静态吸能特性研究

本文通过一系列圆筒件的静态吸能试验研究了复合材料圆筒件静态吸能的特性。表明材料的吸能性能不仅同材料性能关系密切,而且也受材料纤维方式和工艺方法的影响。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of rough tubes including those with an inserted twisted band

The results of the experimental study of heat transfer and hydraulic resistance under forced convection and water boiling in tubes with continuous uniform roughness (formed by a metric imperfect profile thread) are presented; also given are the preliminary data for rough tubes with an inserted twisted band.     

气动谐振管加热过程气体参数的测量与分析

实验研究了圆柱形、圆锥形和锥柱形三种结构形式的气动谐振加热管,采用高温高频压力传感器和灵敏度较高的温度传感器直接测量了谐振管加热过程中谐振腔底气体的压力和温度的时间历程。实验结果确认了谐振管加热的主要机理是激波振荡累积加热机制,而且表明谐振温升与管内气体压力振荡幅值有关,而谐振管压力振荡幅值与驱动气体压力有关;结构形式不同的谐振管,加热特性显著不同。实验结果有助于液体火箭发动机谐振管点火器的实际设计,而且可以用来检验数值模拟的正确性。      

Finite element modelling and experimental investigation of the impact of filling different materials in copper tubes during 3D free bending process

3D free bending process, an advanced metal forming technology, has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency. Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in the cross-section area and restrain wrinkling and collapse of tube wall. In the present study, the impacts of filling different materials on the copper tubes during 3D free bending process were investigated. We have found that copper tubes filled with low melting point alloys could induce the most uniform stress distribution, which result in better formability and moderate thickness changing rates when compared to SS304 steel balls and PU rubbers. The lowest ellipticity reached to 1.467%.     

新型蒸发燃油喷射装置的雾化和蒸发性能

为了研究满足燃烧室雾化要求的雾化方式,设计了采用侧喷和逆喷供油方式的两种蒸发管,并对其分别进行了雾化和蒸发率两方面的实验。实验测试了蒸发管在出口不同轴向距离的雾化效果以及不同外界温度下蒸发管的蒸发性能,分析了影响蒸发管雾化和蒸发的影响因素。实验结果表明,新型侧喷、逆喷蒸发管均能较好的完成燃油雾化要求。     

B/Al复合管材的轴压破坏及力学性能分析

对B／Al复合管材进行了整体轴压破坏试验，并对材料基本力学性能进行了测试。结果表明，管材轴压的理论计算值比试验破坏值小得多，平均修正系数达1．57；管材基本力学性能σ拉伸、E拉伸分别达到了1130MPa,228GPa,σ压缩、E压缩达到了2510MPa,243GPa。对管材破坏模式的研究认为，为了提高管子的压缩破坏载荷，必须减小管子与接头处的应力集中，改进管子的成型工艺，尽力消除管子成型模具接缝处的薄弱区。