电子回旋共振离子推力器放电室低信号调试

微波输入技术是电子回旋共振离子推力器的关键技术之一,输入微波在推力器放电室内产生谐振的时候,微波功率才能高效地被吸收,从而电离气体,提高电子的能量,增加等离子体的电离度。电子回旋共振离子推力器放电室是一个不规则的微波谐振腔,很难从理论上确定其谐振状态下的结构。本文利用网络分析仪,采用微波无源器件回波损耗的测试方法对放电室进行精确调谐,分析微波谐振频率及带宽,目的在于详细研究放电室的结构尺寸、微波耦合探针形状和尺寸在谐振状态下的匹配性。调试结果表明放电室增加14 mm圆柱段,选择圆柱段长度22 mm和球形直径9 mm的组合探针,可以得到较好的谐振状态,此时腔体的回波损耗为-23 dB,谐振频率4.195 GHz,谐振带宽为0.025 0 GHz,品质因素为167.848。     

基于载噪比同步变化的北斗欺骗检测方法

欺骗干扰已经成为北斗卫星导航系统安全性的一个严重威胁。针对北斗系统面临的欺骗干扰问题,建立二元假设检验模型。由于施加单一天线发射的欺骗干扰后,当前观测频点下各高俯仰角可见星的载噪比值会产生相同的变化趋势,所以基于此变化规律提出了一种利用K-means聚类算法进行分析的北斗卫星信号欺骗干扰检测方法,并给出了施加欺骗载噪比变化域的定义。最后通过在外场搭建实验环境,对实采数据进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,本方法对于欺骗功率优势≥6 dBm的大功率优势欺骗信号的检测概率可以达到95%以上,为提高接收机抗干扰能力提供了有益参考。     

频谱分析仪在回波损耗测量中的应用

介绍了频谱分析仪测量各种微波器件回波损耗的原理和方法,并对测量结果的不确定度进行了分析。     

某航空电子系统电源滤波电路性能仿真分析与测试

飞机航空电子系统设备级滤波电路对系统的正常工作有重要作用,从中选取28V直流电源滤波电路作为典型电路,结合印制线路板（PCB：Printed circuit boards）图,基于计算机仿真技术（CST）对其进行场路协同仿真;最后通过矢量网络分析仪对实际滤波电路进行了共模和差模插入损耗测试,验证了场路协同仿真的正确性,并通过实验和仿真得出每种类型的电气元器件对共模和差模插入损耗的贡献。     

微波等离子推力器谐振腔的低信号调试

微波等离子推力器（MPT）谐振腔只有在谐振状态下，微波能量才能被高效地用于加热工质产生推力。利用标量网络分析仪，采用微波无源器件回波损耗的测试方法对MPT谐振腔进行了精确地调谐，分析微波能量的吸收效率及谐振频率带宽，研究腔体的尺寸，微波耦合探针位置以及腔内的隔板材料等在同一谐振频率条件下的匹配性。调试结果可为腔体设计与提高系统效率提供参考。     

卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试方法与误差分析

建立卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试的全程链路模型,分析交叉极化分量产生的机理,给出一种符号表示方法标识由各天线馈源激励产生的各段链路上的信号。分析和实际测试结果表明,主极化和交叉极化接收通道都会在2个相近的频点上产生多个极化分量矢量合成的信号,如果频谱仪分辨率设置不当,则得不到正确的测试结果。由于无法完全分离地面天线和卫星天线产生的交叉极化分量,卫星天线极化隔离度受到地面天线极化隔离度的影响。此外,还描述了高精度测量的卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试流程和误差分析方法。     

Power line transmission and radiation

A power line system consisting of multi-conductors above the ground is decomposed into a metal return (or balanced) and a ground return (unbalanced) circuit in terms of propagation modes. Power line radiation above the ground is sorted into two classes, transition radiation from discontinuities which takes place from a line of finite length and ?erenkov-like radiation from a ground return or unbalanced circuit due to the Earth's finite conductivity and dielectric properties. ?erenkov-like radiation is thought to be predominant and to be a main source origin of power line radiation and, therefore, is specifically discussed in this paper. The problem is reduced simply to wave propagation along an infinite wire above the ground, without taking into account line discontinuities and ionospheric effects. It is shown that a TEM-type wave of a ground return circuit at low frequencies virtually transfers to the principal TM wave of a surface waveguide at high frequencies, via a hybrid EH-type wave in an intermediate range of frequencies, i.e., ‘transition region’ with increasing frequency. Consequently, the attenuation characteristics of wave propagation, which should include radiation losses as well as ohmic losses in the wire and in the ground, possess a maximum and minimum at certain frequencies in the transition region. This is due to two reasons: one is that the Earth transfers to a dielectric from a conductor and the other is that the field concentrates more densely around the wire with increasing frequency. Experimental evidence of this phenomenon is also given.     

Acousto-optic spectrum analyzer techniques for monitoring CW

The issues associated with processing the outputs of an integrating acoustooptical spectrum analyzer (AOSA) to detect and identify the frequency and power of continuous wave (CW) signals are considered. The performance of the optimum detection strategy is presented, along with the Cramer-Rao bound on the performance of estimators of the frequency, and the performance of a simple peak-based frequency estimator. The performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the power level is also presented. The results provide the behavior of the system as a function of the product of the aperture time and photodetector spacing amongst other parameters     

Second time around radar return suppression using PRI modulation

A technique for suppressing second-time-around radar returns using pulse-repetition interval (PRI) modulation is presented and analyzed. It is shown that a staggered PRI radar system can offer considerable improvement over a nonstaggered radar system in rejecting second-time-around returns which cause false alarms. This improvement is a function of detector implementation (noncoherent integrator or binary integrator), the number of staggered PRIs, the quiescent false alarm number, the Swerling number of the false return, the transmitted signal power, the second-time-around noise power, and the quiescent noise power of the radar. Small changes in transmitted signal power can be traded off with the quiescent false alarm number to suppress the bogus return significantly. In addition, for a noncoherent integrator, all other parameters being equal, if the second-time-around return is a Swerling case II or IV target, then there is an optimum number of staggered PRIs that can be chosen to minimize the likelihood of its detection. It is also shown that the binary integrator significantly reduces the number of second-time-around return detections when compared with the noncoherent integrator. However, there is an accompanying loss of detection     

Effects of CW Interference on Narrow-Band Second-Order Phase-Lock Loops

This paper describes an experimental study of the effect of continuous wave (CW) interference and white noise on a second-order phase-lock loop. The reciprocal of the loop mean-square phase error is used as an index of performance, and the effect of interference levels that do not cause cycle skipping or loss of lock is described in terms of this index. Loop thresholds are determined by measurement of cycle-skipping rates. Stationary or slowly-sweeping CW interference caused a degradation in loop threshold of roughly 3 dB for every 6 dB of interference power above the noise power level. The effective loop signal-to-noise ratio was decreased approximately 1 dB at interference-to-noise power ratios of -3 dB. Interference levels equal to the signal level consistently caused loss of lock, regardless of the loop signal-to-noise ratio.     

脉冲干扰对软件接收机的影响分析

卫星信号经过长距离传播,信号能量损耗严重,到达地面的功率很弱,容易受到各种干扰的影响。脉冲干扰为常见的干扰类型,所以针对不同功率、不同周期,以及不同占空比的脉冲干扰信号,通过接收前端采集受脉冲干扰的GPS L1信号,利用软件接收机及多相关器生成技术,详细分析了脉冲干扰对接收机信号捕获与跟踪性能的影响。分析结果表明,周期为1ms的脉冲干扰信号,能对接收机产生强烈的干扰效果,捕获图中的噪声明显增大;跟踪过程中,载噪比和相关值突发性减小,造成跟踪数据异常。而长周期的脉冲信号仅在脉冲到达时影响接收机的捕获和跟踪,但由于信号跟踪不能连续进行,导致伪距观测量的不连续与导航数据不能正常解码,从而干扰接收机。     

质子辐照Kapton/Al的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗方法(MC方法),模拟了质子辐照时质子的能量损失、射程、射程偏离及其产生的空位缺陷和电离能损分布。模拟结果表明:入射能量在10~300keV区间,Kapton/Al对入射质子的阻止本领主要取决于电子阻止本领,在80keV出现峰值,可作为地面模拟试验能量选取的参考;质子在Kapton/Al中的射程分布可近似看作高斯分布,质子射程及其偏离随能量增加而增加;位移缺陷和电离作用是两个相对的过程,低能时主要表现为位移缺陷,高能时表现为电离作用。     

Analog clutter cancellation algorithms for dynamic range reduction

A technique that effectively reduces the dynamic range of the input signal in a radar receiver prior to digitization is presented. The dynamic range reduction is accomplished through a process that predicts the next radar return signal from the previous return signals, generates a replica waveform, and subtracts this replica waveform from the radar return signal prior to digitization. This process allows the radar return signal to be digitized without distortion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a limited dynamic range. The full dynamic range of the radar return signal is then restored by adding the replica waveform to the ADC output. Test and evaluation results using both synthetic and recorded radar data demonstrate in excess of a 30-dB reduction in the dynamic range of the signal at the ADC input when strong clutter is present     

2．4m跨声速风洞连续变迎角试验关键技术研究

在2．4m跨声速风洞开展连续变迎角试验技术研究中,遇到了3个难题：跨声速流场被持续扰动,快速精确补偿困难;试验有用信号频率与干扰信号频率产生重叠,降噪处理困难;信号间不同步对试验数据的影响增大,信号精确同步困难。采用总静压滤波优化和PID（Proportional Integral Differential）调节优化等方法提高流场快速跟随性,硬件＋软件＋小波等复合滤波方式进行降噪处理,并利用互相关函数实现各信号的精确同步,建立了2．4m跨声速风洞连续变迎角试验技术。使用J7等标模对该项技术进行了验证,结果表明,上述问题均得到有效解决,连续变迎角试验流场犕犪数稳定在±0．002范围内,数据的精准度达到阶梯测力试验水平。     

频谱分析仪使用中有关回波损耗的问题

介绍测试射频信号频谱时，减小测试误差的方法，分析了回波损耗的各种情况。     

A Semi-Empirical Approach to the PLL Threshold

This correspondence considers the response of the PLL near threshold to an input consisting of a modulated carrier and white, Gaussian noise. For high input signal-to-noise power ratios ?, the output noise power is Gaussian with a parabolic spectrum. As ? is decreased, the PLL tends to lose lock which gives rise to impulses or ?spikes? in the output with a resulting white power spectrum. The additional output noise due to these ?spikes? causes a threshold in the output signal-to-noise ratio. Unfortunately the loss of lock rate in the PLL depends on the modulation as well as the noise power. A semiempirical approximate expression for the loss of lock rate as a function of the noise and sinusoidal frequency modulation is presented and is used to determine the optimum design procedure for PLL's to demodulate FM signals of varying modulation indexes, ?.     

一种实现陀螺马达准确制动方案的研究

在分析了几种传统的电机制动方案基础上,提出了一种适合陀螺马达的能耗制动方案,该方案依据马达逐渐停转时自身产生的微弱电信号,再经放大处理后作为能耗制动的控制信号,实现陀螺马达准确、可靠、平稳的停止,避免了不及时切断电源而烧坏定子绕组的情况.     

MIMO随机振动试验控制的逆多步预测模型法

多输入多输出（MIMO）随机振动试验在产品可靠性验证中扮演重要角色。逆系统方法作为一种时域方法，直接由参考信号（即期望得到的响应信号）生成驱动信号，但容易产生不稳定的结果。本文以系统的有限差分模型为基础，推导了逆多步预测模型，并建立了该逆模型与矩阵幂次算法结合的MIMO随机振动试验方法。通过悬臂梁模型进行双输入双输出仿真试验，验证了逆多步预测模型进行MIMO随机振动试验驱动生成的可行性。在三轴振动台上进一步验证该方法进行MIMO随机振动试验控制的能力。     

COTS星载双模测控应答机基带设计与实现

提出了一种星载双模测控应答机基带设计方案,采用COTS（商用现货）器件实现,能较好解决星载功率受限和空间辐射效应引起的相关问题。测控应答机主处理器由反熔丝FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）实现,可在低功耗条件下保证最基本测控需求,解调上行DPSK（差分相移键控）信号,调制下行扩频信号;协处理器受主处理器控制,由SRAM（静态存储器）FPGA来实现,对上行扩频信号进行解扩解调。测控应答机可根据星载电源功率情况和不同测控任务切换模式,具有成本低、可靠性高、使用灵活等优势。     

Low-voltage CMOS Folded-cascode Mixer

The folded-cascode structure is used to realize the low-voltage low-power consumption mixer, whose performance parameters have big influence on the navigation radio receiver's performance. Adopting the folded-cascode structure, the folded-cascode mixer (FCM) has a lower power supply voltage of 1.2 V and realizes the design trade-offs among the high transconductance, high linearity and low noise. The difficulties of realizing the trade-offs between the linearity and noise performance, the linearity and conversion gain, the conversion gain and noise performance are reduced. Fabricated in an radio frequency (RF) 0.18 μm CMOS process, the FCM has an active area of about 200 μm ×150 μm and consumes approximate 3.9 mW. The test results show that the FCM features a conversion gain (Gc) of some 14.5 dB, an input 1 dB compression point (Pin-1dB) of almost -13 dBm and a dual sideband (DSB) noise figure of around 12 dB. The FCM can be applied to the navigation radio receivers and electronic systems for aviation and aerospace or other related fields.