机动目标的多项式预测模型及其跟踪算法

根据匀变速运动的多项式描述形式,利用多项式预测滤波器对目标状态建模,提出了一种全新机动目标运动的动态模型——多项式预测模型,并针对这个全新的模型给出了相应的最优滤波算法。分析表明：该模型可以精确描述任意可以由多项式描述的目标运动,而不需要已知运动的具体参数,因此相应的最优滤波算法适用于任何可以用多项式描述的机动目标状态估计问题。一个机动目标跟踪问题的计算机仿真证明了本文方法的有效性和实用性。     

Missile Guidance Based on Kalman Filter Estimation of Target Maneuver

A fourth-order extended Kalman filter is developed to estimate target maneuvers, and a guidance law using these estimates is implemented.     

用卡尔曼滤波器估计目标机动加速度

为了使基于线性二次型高斯理论的LQG最优制导规律得到工程应用，设计了一种寻的回路中的卡尔曼滤波器，利用仿真技术，用这种滤波器对目标机动加速度进行了估计，仿真结果表明，这种滤波器可以准确估计目标机动加速度。     

目标机动对反舰导弹目标捕捉概率的影响

根据反舰导弹末制导雷达捕捉目标和舰艇机动的原理,建立了目标机动条件下末制导雷达捕捉目标的计算模型,仿真结果显示,对中远程反舰导弹而言,目标机动对目标捕捉概率有显著影响。     

天基对地打击武器空间机动过程分析

天基对地打击武器是一种新的战略威慑力量,与地基发射的武器相比具有自己独特的优势。首先通过对天基武器作战过程的分析,得出在轨机动是实现天基快速对地打击的关键的结论;而后建立了天基平台的轨道面机动与相位机动的数学模型。在上述研究的基础上,通过数学仿真分析了轨道机动对打击时间的影响,得到了一些有用的基本结论。     

Detection of a Distributed Target

The influence of increasing range resolution on the detectability of targets with dimensions greater than the resolution cell is studied. An N-cell target model is assumed, which contains k reflecting cells, each reflecting independently according to the same Rayleigh amplitude distribution. It will be referred to as the (N,k) target. Detection based on one transmitted pulse is performed against a background of white normal noise. Detection in stationary clutter is also considered. The optimum detector is obtained but, in view of its complexity, the performance of a simpler detector, the square-law envelope detector with linear integrator (SLEDLI), is analyzed, and a formula for the probability of detection is obtained. Graphs are presented which show the probability of detection as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for various values of N k, and false alarm probability. For N/k not too large it is shown that the SLEDLI is near optimum.     

多传感器目标检测的性能评估（一）

通过对传感器性能分析,将ROC曲线予以量化,根据其几何意义导出传感器探测性能的评估模型,该模型是一个单一的量化指标,用观测量的概率均值和方差来评估传感器性能的优劣。     

飞机机动指令生成器设计及蛇形机动仿真

分析了飞行仿真中飞机三自由度质点仿真模型机动指令生成器设计原理，并以蛇形机动飞行为例．建立了蛇形机动指令生成器数学模型。最后通过蛇形机动飞行仿真算例，验证了指令生成模型的合理性。结果表明，机动指令生成器能够完成仿真任务，从而将在飞机飞行仿真中得到广泛应用。     

基于波形熵的雷达目标一维距离像检测技术

高分辨雷达一维距离像目标检测实质上是扩展目标检测,具有与低分辨雷达回波目标检测不同的特点.通过分析目标一维距离像和噪声的波形特点,提出了一种基于波形熵的一维距离像检测方法.该方法对目标一维距离像信号形式和噪声的先验知识要求少,运算复杂性小,易于工程实现.仿真实验说明算法能有效地提高检测性能.     

无需辅助数据的分布式目标自适应检测器

在非高斯背景和没有辅助数据的条件下,研究了高分辨率雷达分布式目标的自适应检测问题.首先采用有序检测理论和协方差矩阵的迭代估计方法粗略估计散射点集合,进一步利用迭代估计方法获得协方差矩阵的近似最大似然估计,提出了无需辅助数据的自适应检测器(ADWSD).ADWSD在非高斯背景下具有近似恒虚警率特性,且检测性能远好于修正的...     

Effect of a Few Dominant Specular Reflectors Target Model Upon Target Detection

Some data indicate that aircraft targets viewed from certain aspects are well modeled as consisting of a few specular reflectors. The effect of a simplified form of this target model upon radar detection performance for two different waveforms has been analyzed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for detection as a function of waveform bandwidth for a conventional-single-channel waveform and for a four-channel frequency diversity waveform is evaluated. It is shown that for either waveform there is an optimum bandwidth to minimize the SNR required for detection. In addition, the single-channel minimum is less than the four-channel minimum. The best performance occurs for the single-channel waveform when the waveform bandwidth just resolves the individual reflectors. For typical targets, this bandwidth is of the order of 35 to 75 MHz. It is also shown that only a 0.8-dB loss relative to this minimum is incurred when using a four-channel narrow bandwidth waveform.     

Calculation of Probability of Detection with Target Scintillation

This paper presents a computational method for the calculation of probability of detection using measured radar target cross-section data. The described method can also be used for probability of detection calculations when the radar target cross section follows a specified probability density function. Using the computational procedure of the paper, a number of curves are generated which can be used for probability of detection calculations with exponential and Gaussian radar target cross-section distributions. The results obtained using theoretical distributions are compared with the corresponding results using actual target cross-section measurements. The results of computer runs are compared to the corresponding values in the literature where available.     

Adaptive Optical Target Detection Using Correlated Images

A method for target detection that achieves clutter rejection by the use of multiple observations of the same target scene is developed. Multiple scene observations can be obtained by processing separate frequency bands of the same target scene or by recursively processing sequential observations in time. Optimal detection algorithms are developed, based on the assumption that the image intensity can be modeled as a variable mean spatial Gaussian process. Several fast detection algorithms are derived which make use of the fact that the covariance matrices of many optical and infrared (IR) images can be accurately approximated by diagonal matrices. These algorithms provide efficient solutions to the problem of processing multiple correlated scenes or multiple sequential imaging. Computer simulations based on actual optical and IR image data were used for checking the theoretical results. The new detection algorithms achieved performance improvement in detection signal-to-noise ratio of up to 10 dB over conventional target correlation methods.     

激光探测“猫眼”效应目标识别算法

提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的＂猫眼＂效应目标识别算法,应用随机采样矩阵将原始二维图像线性投影为一维测量向量,通过对一维测量向量的处理提取出＂猫眼＂效应目标信息,进而通过压缩感知理论的恢复算法重建仅包含＂猫眼＂目标的图像。对应于此算法亦提出了一种相应的激光主动成像探测系统,以获取主被动图像序列。应用此算法,将传统的基于原...     

Application of Three-Dimensional Filtering to Moving Target Detection

The standard approach to the detection of a stationary target immersed within an optically observed scene is to use integration to separate the target energy from the background clutter. When the target is nonstationary and moves with fixed velocity relative to the clutter, the procedure for integrating the target signal is no longer obvious. In this paper it is shown that the problem of tracking a target having a fixed velocity can be cast into a general framework of three-dimensional filter theory. From this point of view, the target detection problem reduces to the problem of finding optimal three-dimensional filters in the three-dimensional transform domain and processing the observed scene via this filtering. The design of these filters is presented, taking into account the target, clutter, and optical detection models. Performance is computed for a basic clutter model, showing the effective increase in detectability as a function of the target velocity. The three-dimensional transform approach is readily compatible with VLSI array processing technology.     

Radar Target Detection and Map-Matching Algorithm Studies

Results of a study of adaptive threshold target detection and map-matching algorithms are presented. Log threshold processing is shown to be preferred over linear threshold processing when the clutter data surrounding the target cell is contaminated by other targets, decoy corner reflectors, or bright clutter cells. Whereas previous studies have resorted to extensive Monte-Carlo simulations of log threshold algorithms, the results were obtained using a novel analytical approach based upon Parseval's theorem.     

Detection of Target Multiplicity Using Monopulse Quadrature Angle

The feasibility of using the indicated quadrature angle of arrival of a monopulse radar to discriminate a single target from multiple targets, separated in angle within a radar resolution cell, is investigated. The analysis is performed for steady (fixed) and Rayleigh fluctuating targets which cover a broad range of target characteristics. In both cases, the interfering signals due to noise and clutter in the sum and difference monopulse channels are assumed to be independent, zero-mean Gaussian processes. Detection and false alarm probabilities are evaluated analytically and the receiver operating characteristics are obtained for both fixed and fluctuating target cases. It is shown that multiple targets can be discriminated from a single target condition by integrating the indicated monopulse quadrature angle of arrival from several independent pulses. It is also shown that the probability of detecting multiple targets increases as the fluctuation in the target radar cross section decreases, approaching the fixed amplitude case in the limit.     

SAR图像舰船目标边缘检测

提出了一种在正则化基础上,利用小波变化实现合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标边缘检测的新方法。传统的利用小波变换实现图像边缘检测时,阈值需要人为设定。针对这一问题,文章引入正则化超分辨技术,从贝叶斯框架下的估计问题出发,采用非二次正则化,平滑图像,保护强散射点目标,实现对 SAR图像进行去噪。利用小波变换的局部化特性和多尺度分析能力,检测突变信号,实现对舰船目标的边缘检测。该方法去噪效果好,边缘 定位准确,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。