Ka波段开腔电介质自动测量系统

介绍了以自行研制的开放式谐振腔为中心的Ｋ＿ａ波段电介质自动测量系统。该系统在计算机控制下，改变频率；采集并读取谐振长度和功率数据；计算Ｑ值，即时算出被测材料的介电常数ε＿ｒ和损耗角正切ｔｇδ。除腔谐振尚需人工调节外，全部实现自动测量。通过测量聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、高压聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、微晶玻璃、陶瓷基片、复合微波介质基片等材料的电介质参数证实，ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ在３２～３９ＧＨｚ频率范围内，量程分别达１．２０～２５．０和２．０×１０￣（－５）～２．０×１０￣（－３）。ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ的测量不确定度分别达±０．５％和±（８％＋３×１０￣（－６））。     

直射式喷嘴垂直跨流喷射的雾化特性试验研究

应用Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ激光粒子分析仪在气流速度５０－１５０ｍ／ｓ，供油压力１．０７８６－４．１１８８ＭＰａ，喷嘴孔径０．５－０．９ｍｍ，喷嘴下流距离６０－２５０ｍｍ参范围内试验研究了直射式喷嘴垂直跨流喷射的雾化特性沿径向位置、射流穿透深度与最大浓度线的变化，双喷嘴的雾化特性以及稳定器对雾化特性的影响。     

微晶玻璃与光学天文望远镜

微晶玻璃，全称超低膨胀微晶玻璃，也有人简称零膨胀玻璃。这种玻璃有膨胀系数极低等重要特性，因此它是制造大型反射式光学天文望远镜镜片的优质材料。 　　谈到光学天文望远镜，人们会联想到 1609年意大利物理学家兼天文学家伽利略发明的折射式光学天文望远镜， 1671年英国物理学家牛顿又发明了反射式光学天文望远镜并用于天文观测的历史。光学天文望远镜的发明，是天文观测工具一个划时代的进步，它结束了人类只能依靠肉眼观测天体的历史，反射式光学天文望远镜的发明还奠定了现代大型光学天文望远镜的基础。 　　自发明光学天文望远镜以…     

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统和实验研究

气体微流量标准装置的测控系统在计算机控制下,采用电容薄膜规、光栅尺、铂电阻温度计等高精度传感器测出变容室内气体的压力、体积变化、温度等参量;并在流量测量的动态过程中将变客室内气体的压力波动控制在±０．０１％之内;工作软件实现了对气体微流量标准装置的计算机自动化控制和管理。气体激流量标准装置可以标准１７．１～１．２２×１０－５ＰａＬ／ｓ范围内的气体流量,校准不确定度小于１．９３％;目前它已用于标准漏孔的标定和实用型气体流量计的校准工作中。     

对10V直流电压参考标准校准方法的探讨

介绍３种校准１０Ｖ直流电压参考标准的方法，并对３种校准方法进行了详细的误差分析。第１种方法是由美国ＦＬＵＫＥ公司生产的３３５Ａ型直流标准电压源，７２０Ａ型Ｋ－Ｖ分压器，８４５ＡＲ型零值检测器和０．０００２级控温标准电池构成校准系统，其传递误差小于１×１０￣（－６）。在该方法中用英国ＤＡＴＲＯＮ公司的４０００Ａ型直流标准电压源取代３３５Ａ，其传递误差可降低到０．４×１０￣（－６）。第２种方法是由７２０Ａ型Ｋ－Ｖ分压器，８４５ＡＲ型零值检测器和０．０００２级控温电池构成校准系统，其传递误差小于０．３×１０￣（－６）。第３种方法是由３３５Ａ型直流标准电压源，７２０Ａ型Ｋ－Ｖ分压器、８４５ＡＲ型零值检测器，１５５型零值检测器和０．０００２级控温电池构成校准系统，其传递误差小于０．２×１０￣（－６）。在同样的条件下，对上述３种方法进行了比对（３种方法所用的标准电池为同一１０只组电池），比对结果表明，３种方法之间的误差小于０．３×１０￣（－６）。     

日本将发射数颗科学卫星

日本空间活动委员会日前披露，Ｍ—５运载火箭将从１９９６年起用于发射科学卫星。Ｍ－５火箭是由日本东京大学航天与航空研究所负责研制的，火箭高３１米，有３级，用于下世纪发射日本的大型科学研究卫星。Ｍ－５火箭可以将重４０００磅的有效载荷送人１５０英里高的轨道，也可以使重８８０磅的有效载荷摆脱地球的重力场。它的运载能力是目前用于发射科学研究卫星的Ｍ—３Ｓ－２运载火箭的３倍。目前，正在研究怎样解决其第２级和第３级的可伸缩喷管研制的难题。Ｍ－５火箭重１２８．４吨，第一级长１４．５米，第２级长６．４米，它们的直…     

YBCO系超导块材平均粒径对双孔RF－SQUID噪声影响

对不同粒径超导块材的双孔ＲＦ－ＳＱＵＩＤ的噪声水平研究表明，ＹＢＣＯ超导块材的晶粒粒径与双孔ＲＦ－ＳＱＵＩＤ的噪声大小呈Ｕ形关系．在１５～２５μｍ时，噪声水平很低，小于２．０×１０－３φ０／Ｈｚ；反之，噪声水平偏高．     

超音速轴对称有旋流特征线法的计算程序

编写了一个ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ７７程序，计算了Ｍａ０为２．０￣５．０的超速轴对称有旋流Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的一些特征线网，但推进方向是从初值线在物面，这样，可以对物形进行反设计，在设计科波机时，可以选用这种流场中的流面作为其升力面的组成部分。     

精密直流电桥的整体检定方法

介绍了０．００２－０．０１级的中阻值直流电桥的整体检定方法，描述了工作过程，对检定的合成不确定度进行了分析。     

磁场计量与测试系统

提出了一整套中强磁场和弱磁场的计量与测试系统，利用原了核磁在外磁场中的塞曼效应制成的核磁共振磁强计，可以测量１×１０＾－３Ｔ到十几特斯拉的中强磁场，不确定度高达１０＾－９－１０＾－１０，利用霍尔效应制成的高斯计，不确定定度为１０＾－２－－＾１０－３，其价格低廉，使用方便，可适用于计量准确度要求不太高的小范围内的磁场，利用超声技术发展起来的超量子干涉器件（ＳＱＵＩＤ）能分辩０＾－１５Ｔ的超弱磁场和单     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。