纳米吸波材料研究与发展趋势

综述了纳米材料在雷达波吸收领域的应用，对纳米金属与合金吸收剂、纳米陶瓷吸收剂、纳米氧化物吸收剂、纳米导电聚合物、纳米金属与绝缘介质复合吸收剂等几种纳米吸收剂的研究及应用进行了较为详细的描述，比较了各种吸收剂的特点和应用背景，提出了纳米雷达波吸收剂的发展趋势。     

纳米磁性金属电磁波吸收剂

分析了纳米磁性金属电磁波吸收剂的吸波原理,综述了纳米磁性金属电磁波吸收材料如零维磁性纳米颗粒、一维磁性金属纳米线、二维磁性薄膜、二维片状磁性金属颗粒的国内外研究进展情况,并对未来的研究方向提出见解。     

氧化铝基吸波材料研究进展

雷达波吸收材料在国防领域发挥着重要的作用。厚度薄、密度低、吸收频带宽、吸收强是当前吸波材料的研究重点。高马赫飞行的武器装备会因空气阻力而使机体局部温度很高,常温吸波材料不适用,亟待研究耐高温并高效吸收电磁波的吸波材料。以氧化铝为基体,复合不同类型吸收剂制备的高温吸波材料已被广泛关注与研究。本文系统总结近年来金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料、非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料、其他含氧化铝复合吸波材料的研究现状,对不同结构(纳米线、微球及纳米颗粒等)吸收剂与多种形态(多孔膜、纤维或纳米颗粒)氧化铝基体制备的复合吸波材料的结构、性能和吸波机理进行了分析,并对金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料及非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料的发展方向做出展望。在金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料方面应加强:(1)开发纳米级的球形超细金属吸收剂,利用纳米粒子的特殊效应来提高吸波性能;(2)进一步探索合理的制备工艺,达到吸收剂与基体良好匹配。在非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料方面:(1)进一步加强氧化铝纤维布和氧化铝网状基体与纳米吸波剂复合的研究;(2)加强高分子特殊核壳结构、阻抗匹配层等方面的研究;(3)加强宽频吸波材料及吸波剂改性增强吸波材料的研究;(4)开展金属氧化物粉体与无机黏结剂组成的无机基体方面研究。     

热处理前后包覆Co及Co/Fe碳纳米管电磁性能的研究

表面包覆金属Co及Co-Fe多壁碳纳米管是一种比重较轻的电磁吸收剂,通过对包覆金属Co及Co/Fe的多壁碳纳米管进行700℃下的热处理,研究了对其电磁性能的影响。分别采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对包覆Co和Co/Fe碳纳米管表面组成和结构进行了表征;用网络矢量分析仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Co和Co/Fe包覆的碳纳米管的电磁性能进行了测试,并通过计算分析了其微波吸收性能。结果表明热处理能改善包覆Co和Co/Fe的碳管在高频范围的微波吸收性能,并提高其饱和磁化强度,降低矫顽力。     

高温吸波材料研究现状

论述了常见的石墨、乙炔炭黑吸收剂、碳纤维和碳化硅高温吸收剂的性能和应用概况，重点论述了碳化硅纤维、纳米碳化硅吸收剂处理方法和性能。综述了高温吸波材料的研究及应用概况。     

纳米多孔金属的制备方法及其力学性能的研究进展

纳米多孔金属是一种孔径在0.1~100 nm之间,且韧壁尺寸也在纳米量级的多孔金属材料。因其独特的孔隙结构、高比表面积和高导电性等特征,纳米多孔金属在许多领域都有着丰富的潜在应用。这篇综述比较了制备纳米多孔金属的几种常用方法:模板法、脱合金法与电化学法,其中,主要介绍了脱合金法,包括液态金属脱合金法及气相脱合金法的最新进展;重点阐述了纳米多孔金属在表面增强拉曼散射、催化以及超级电容器方面的应用现状及相关研究工作;最后,对纳米多孔金属的力学性能模拟及实验进行讨论,重点分析了纳米多孔金属力学性能的研究趋势以及存在的主要问题。     

纳米Fe3 Si/ SiC 吸收剂的制备及电磁参数的调节

采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)和二茂铁合成了聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS),PFCS高温烧成可制成磁性纳米Fe3Si/SiC复合陶瓷吸收剂。研究了铁含量、烧成温度和保温时间等因素对吸收剂电磁参数的影响。结果表明:随着铁含量增加、烧成温度提高和保温时间延长,吸收剂的复介电常数的ε'、ε″和εr明显增大。     

聚碳硅烷/纳米钛粉的热裂解

运用ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＧ等分析手段研究了掺混纳米钛粉的聚碳硅烷的热裂解过程。发现热解过程可分为有机硅聚合物转化为无机无定形态和无定形态生长为微晶成。裂解产物中钛的存在形态随保护气氛不同而不同,保护气氛为氮气或氨气时钛的裂解产物为ＴｉＮ,氩气时为ＴｉＣ。     

纳米流体燃料稳定性及金属颗粒改性方法研究进展

为提高纳米流体燃料的稳定性,探求更有效的金属颗粒改性方法,文中简要回顾了纳米流体燃料的发展历程和关于稳定性的理论研究,重点介绍了提高纳米流体燃料稳定性的技术途径和金属颗粒的改性方法,从影响因素和DLVO理论两方面介绍了纳米流体燃料的稳定性机理,简述了应用于纳米流体燃料的稳定性评价方法,报告了纳米流体燃料的制备方法。文中还指出,研究中采用添加表面活性剂和金属颗粒表面改性是提高纳米流体燃料稳定性的主要方法,其中金属颗粒表面改性是能同时解决纳米燃料稳定性和燃烧两方面问题的有效方法,通过分析硼、铝颗粒表面改性的相关研究,总结了金属颗粒改性方法及效果,对未来研究的趋势进行了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成ZrO_2-8%Y_2O_3纳米粉体相转变及晶粒生长行为研究

以醋酸为水解催化剂和螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成ZrO2-8%Y2O3(8YSZ)粉末,利用XRD、SEM方法研究纳米8YSZ粉末热处理后的相成分、晶粒尺寸和形貌的变化,并分析纳米8YSZ粉末中的晶粒生长行为。结果表明:溶剂中添加乙醇不利于纳米8YSZ粉末四方相(t)的稳定;在400～1200℃范围内,随着热处理温度的升高晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;然而纳米8YSZ粉末的晶粒生长活化能在低温区和高温区有所不同,热处理温度低于800℃时的晶粒生长活化能(9.71kJ/mol)明显小于热处理温度高于800℃时的晶粒生长活化能(43.06kJ/mol),这有利于t-8YSZ在低温下结晶,在高温下保持四方相的稳定性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.