充气展开反射面天线动态特性试验研究

充气展开反射面天线的结构动力学参数,可用于预测天线在外界激励下的动态响应、调整空中姿态和振动主动控制等。采用试验模态方法对反射面天线进行试验研究,分析了充气展开后反射面天线在地面环境下的动态特性参数。通过增大力锤锤头面积和提高激励点局部刚度来激发柔性天线结构全局振动,分组移动和对称分布加速度传感器来减小测试系统的附加质量影响。结果表明:天线在充气环内压力15 kPa时的整体弯曲振动基频为2.86 Hz,同时获得天线整体振动的前三阶固有频率、模态阻尼比和模态振型等参数,测试结果可为有限元模型验证和在轨动态响应预报提供基础。     

大型空间可展开天线结构的主动振动控制

利用内置压电元件的主动构件作为作动器,对大型空间可展开天线结构进行了振动主动控制的研究。分析了含压电单元的空间天线结构的振动主动控制的原理和方法,采用独立模态控制法对可展开天线结构实施主动控制。并且基于作动器的模态影响矩阵对作动器进行了优化布置,使其效能达到最大。最后采用LQR方法对结构进行控制,应用Matlab软件对该压电结构进行仿真实验控制。仿真的结果表明,通过振动主动控制明显增加了可展开天线结构的结构阻尼,取得了十分有效的振动抑制效果。     

大型网状可展开天线模态分析

利用ANSYS软件,建立了某大型网状可展开天线展开和收拢状态模态分析的有限元计算模型．给出了展开和收拢状态下天线结构所对应的固有频率和振型。     

面向空间应用的薄膜可展开结构研究进展及技术挑战

空间可展开结构正向着大型化、轻量化和高精度的方向发展,薄膜可展开结构以其高收纳比、高比刚度等优势而成为大型空间可展开结构的重要实现手段之一。结合未来构建大型空间结构系统的需求,梳理了薄膜可展开结构在大面积电池阵、大口径星载天线、太阳帆、遮光板、再入减速装置及太空舱等多个方面的典型空间应用,介绍了各类空间薄膜可展开结构的研究进展,探讨了薄膜可展开结构在系统设计、柔性材料、收拢展开、结构控制和加工测试等方面存在的技术挑战。     

周边桁架可展天线展开过程动力学分析及控制

 基于多刚体系统动力学的Lagrange方法,采用独立的Lagrange广义坐标,考虑耗散力、铰链处扭簧的驱动力及索网预张力对展开过程的影响,建立了周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学模型,给出了基于力控制的展开过程控制策略,得出了展开过程驱动力的变化与天线位形变化之间的关系,根据所规划好的天线展开运动得出相应的驱动力。编制了仿真程序进行算例分析,研究了初速度、阻尼及重力对天线展开过程的影响,实现了考虑驱动扭簧的刚度、关节中的阻尼、重力及索网预张力影响的周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学分析与控制。实验仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

充气式月球基地防护结构技术综述

综述了充气式月球基地防护结构技术,包括总体设计要求和关键设计要点、柔性热防护结构的服役环境、功能需求、设计方法、材料选用等。并从结构冲击定位和强度分析、破坏响应分析、系统组成分析和自修复材料等方面,指出了对结构进行健康监测的必要性。介绍了现有的地面测试技术,包括热防护材料性能测试、展开动力学性能测试和太空环境模拟技术等,最后对防护结构技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

宽波束赋形天线星地测试技术分析与改进

为满足风云三号 G星长寿命、高可靠、业务化的工作要求,星上数传天线采用通信性能好、覆盖率高的宽波束赋形设计。但宽波束赋形天线测试技术相对复杂,对测试质量有潜在影响。文章重点阐述了风云三号 G星数传天线设计方案的必要性,建立星地链路余量分析,对星载数传天线的仿真和试验结果比对进行分析,验证了天线方向图测试结果的有效性,并对星载天线和地面系统的测试技术提出改进,提高了测试结果的准确性和完整性。相应技术的改进可以为平台方案相近的空间辐射测量基准卫星平台系统综合试验验证技术提供支撑。     

燃油洗涤引射器充氮性能实验

通过建立地面燃油洗涤模拟实验台,采用正交实验等手段来有效地减少实际实验次数,在此基础上,对燃油洗涤引射器展开了较为系统的理论分析与实验研究.结果表明,燃油洗涤引射器的面积比m、长径比L/D、喷嘴工作压力p是影响充氮性能的重要因素,但重要性主次有其相对性;得到一系列经验公式和优化值,且对按这些经验公式和优化值设计加工的燃油洗涤引射器进行了实验验证,结果证实其既能喷出足够小的微细气泡,以提高燃油洗涤效率,又满足油箱上部气层空间氧体积分数要求.      

一种星载伞天线展开机构研究

天线展开机构使用动力绳实现天线展开和收拢过程中易出现动力绳松弛、脱槽现象。以星载高精度伞状天线展开机构为研究对象，分析天线展开机构的工作原理；利用解析法获得展开机构的运动方程，结合天线展开机构运动部件结构参数，得到天线展开过程中展开机构动力绳的松弛规律；建立以展开机构结构参数为设计变量，以动力绳松弛量最小为目标的展开机构结构优化模型，通过模拟退火法进行求解，得到优化的展开机构结构参数，通过优化前后的展开机构展开、收扰功能试验，测试了机构工作时动力绳的松弛量，验证了展开机构优化的正确性。结果表明：优化后的展开机构动力绳松弛量较优化前降低了90%，优化效果显著。     

飞机无线电系统中天线至天线的耦合

飞机机身上的天线之间的相互作用,可能会严重地限制控制系统、导航系统和通信系统的性能。本文收集大量地面上的和飞行中的数据,进行了实验室研究,指出可作改进的地方。文中提出了几个经验公式,这些公式既适用于带内频率,又适用于带外频率。     

Structural design and model fabrication of cable-rib tensioned deployable parabolic cylindrical antenna

Deployable mechanisms with light weight and high storage ratio have received considerable attention for space applications. To meet the requirements of space missions, a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna based on cable-rib tension structures is proposed and verified by a physical prototype. The parabolic cylindrical antenna adopts simple parallel four-bar mechanisms to construct the basic deployable unit, and the cylindrical direction dimension can be easily extended by modularization, which has obvious advantages in storage ratio and area density. Considering the complexity of the entire antenna structure design, including cable networks and flexible trusses, the form-finding design optimization model of a parabolic cylindrical antenna is established using the force density sensitivity method, and then the kinematics analysis of the deployable mechanism is carried out. Finally, a single-module prototype with a deployable diameter of 4 m × 2 m was designed and fabricated. The results of the ground deployment process test and surface accuracy measurements show that the antenna has good feasibility and practicability.     

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3RR-3RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3UU-3URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3UU-3URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3UU-3URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3UU-3URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3UU-3URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.     

四棱锥单元平板式可展开收拢机构的

 基于7杆闭环机构提出一种新型四棱锥单元,其可作为一种基本可展机构单元,组合成大型可展机构。利用机构学方法研究,分析了单元机构的自由度、运动学和奇异性,给出了单元组合方法并基于四棱锥单元机构设计了一平板式可展开收拢机构,最后计算了机构的伸缩比。分析结果表明,这种单元机构组合方便简单,组合后的机构自由度为1,便于机构的展开收拢控制。当机构完全展开时,由于其奇异特性,机构有较好的力学性能。利用这种单元可以设计出新型大型可展开收拢机构,在航空航天领域有很好的应用前景。     

星载平面可展天线支撑桁架的结构效率优化

针对折展结构性能存在多指标且这些指标之间又相互制约的特点,把结构效率引入到可展结构的优化设计中,应用多因素正交试验法对一种空间可展开平板天线支撑桁架的优化问题进行了研究。对其关键几何设计参数进行了分析,建立了桁架结构的优化数学模型,以结构效率最大化作为优化目标,对可展桁架进行了结构优化,得到了支撑桁架各杆件的设计参数。结果表明:结构效率综合考虑了质量和刚度的影响,使结构质量和刚度同时得到优化;长宽比(l/w)是影响可展桁架结构性能的主要因素,对不同优化目标产生影响的次要因素有所不同;截面积对结构效率影响不显著(置信度p=90%),在相同杆长参数配置下,等截面可展桁架的结构效率仅次于变截面方案,但工程经济性最佳。该研究方法有助于在概念设计阶段从系统设计的角度进行空间桁架结构的快速设计与优化。     

空间对称型7R机构运动特性分析及组合应用

提出了一种空间对称型7R机构,可利用此机构组合构造空间可展开机构。通过旋量拓扑图分析了其整体自由度,得到了其运动副轴线方位变化时整体机构自由度数目的变化情况;基于反螺旋理论分析了运动副轴线方位不同的情况下运动输出构件的自由度数目和性质,并针对其瞬时性做了判别,发现其在不同运动副轴线方位布置情况下会出现局部自由度与瞬时自由度;分析了机构在不同驱动情况下的奇异特性,得到了机构在不同的驱动下处于奇异位形时的几何条件;最后选定自由度为1时的空间对称型7R机构组合构造了一类单自由度多棱锥型空间可展开机构,通过设置其运动副轴线方位,可以使其具有较大收拢率,同时当机构完全展开时,奇异特性使得其具有较好的力学性能。通过多个棱锥型空间可展开机构的组合,可以构造出新型大尺度空间可展开机构,在航空航天领域具有较好的应用前景。     

Type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna based on constraint-synthesis method

Space deployable antenna is the key equipment in realizing the communication and data transmission between the spacecraft and the earth. In order to enrich the configurations of deployable antennas, the type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna is conducted in this study. First, the principle of the constraint-synthesis method based on screw theory is briefly described, the structure of the ring truss deployable antenna and its folding principle are analyzed, and the ring truss mechanism is divided into upper edges, lower edges and linkages. Then, based on the constraint-synthesis method, the type synthesis of the basic unit edges is carried out, a series of basic unit mechanisms are obtained from combining the basic unit edge mechanisms, and five mechanism units with fewer joints and simple structures are selected. Furthermore, simulation models of the five ring truss deployable mechanisms are built in Solidworks and Matlab software, and the deploying process is verified by the movement simulation. Finally, mechanism characteristics of the five mechanisms are analyzed and discussed, and a prototype is manufactured, verifying the analysis in this paper. This research provides a new way for the type synthesis of spatial deployable mechanisms, and the ring truss deployable mechanisms obtained in this study can be well applied in the field of aerospace.     

Configuration synthesis of planar folded and common overconstrained spatial rectangular pyramid deployable truss units

Compared with non-overconstrained deployable units, overconstrained deployable units are widely used in space missions for their higher stiffness characteristics. Besides the performance of a three-step topological structural analysis and design of the rectangular pyramid deployable truss unit(PDTU), conducting a structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit requires the determination of the relative position and direction of each kinematic axis. The structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit is investigated based on screw theory and its topological structure. The possible overconstrained cases of the rectangular PDTUs are analyzed, and corresponding screw expressions are obtained. Thus, the rectangular PDTUs, which can be folded into a plane, are synthesized systemically, and a series of overconstrained rectangular PDTUs is obtained. Furthermore, the feasibility of the folded and deployed motions under one degree of freedom for those deployable units is verified in dynamical simulation by using ADAMS 2010.     

返回舱/空间探测器热防护结构发展现状与趋势

针对中国天地往返和深空探测领域对热防护结构的需求,综述了国内外返回舱和空间探测器热防护材料/结构的发展现状,着重介绍了包括蜂窝增强热防护材料、纤维增强热防护材料、组合式热防护结构以及展开式热防护结构等在内的代表性热防护材料/结构的设计理念和性能特征。在系统总结热防护结构发展趋势的基础上,分析了返回舱和空间探测器热防护结构发展中存在的关键问题,可以看出：纤维增强热防护材料在热防护结构重量方面表现出了突出优势,材料拼接设计成为结构发展的重要阻碍;组合式热防护结构设计在现有材料发展水平的基础上,将成为提高热防护结构效率的有力途径;展开式热防护结构有望使航天器有效载荷重量显著提升,但受限于柔性热防护材料性能和结构工艺,仍有待发展。更加频繁的天地往返运输和深空探测项目的开展必将对热防护结构发展产生巨大的推动作用。     

Deployment dynamic analysis of deployable antennas considering thermal effect

Dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems is complex. Several successful methods have been demonstrated. However, few works discussed the dynamic performance of the flexible multibody under different temperatures. This paper uses the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to analyze the flexible body dynamics of deployment structures under different temperatures to simulate space environments. The dynamic equations of finite element in temperature field are developed. Then a computer-aided simulation of flexible multibody systems in temperature field is implemented. A general four-bar mechanism under different temperatures as a simulation example is demonstrated, and the deployment characteristics of a special four-bar mechanism as a basic module of the hoop truss deployable antenna is analyzed under different temperatures in order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the deployable antenna in space environments. The simulation results indicate the influence factors of deployment dynamic characteristics include the structural form, material properties, geometric parameters and deployment planning in ambient and thermal/vacuum environments.     

主被动复合驱动空间探测柔性伸杆机构的参数匹配

基于主被动复合驱动的思想提出一种大伸展/收拢比、高载荷/自重比的新型伸缩式伸杆机构,以满足微纳探测器的实际应用需求,用于支撑各类探测载荷远离航天器本体,避免本体剩磁对空间待测信号的干扰,保证探测数据的准确性。首先,探索描述被动驱动源（弹簧铰链）的力矩驱动特性;然后,分析柔性伸杆的弯曲、扭转、压平和卷曲等力学性能。在此基础上,结合建立的柔性伸杆伸展速度、负载动能、弹簧铰链势能及主动驱动（电动机）力矩等参数的能量流约束方程,进行主、被动驱动和柔性伸杆的参数匹配研究;最后,利用有限元软件仿真和样机平台实验验证了参数匹配的合理性。仿真与实验结果表明,针对主被动复合驱动的空间探测柔性伸杆机构,通过合理的参数匹配,可实现柔性伸杆无褶皱地平稳伸展和收拢,为后续的机构设计和控制方案奠定了基础。