DD5与GH3039高温合金钎焊接头的微观组织与力学性能研究

采用Co50NiCrWB钎料在1160℃/15 min条件下进行了熔化润湿试验,并钎焊得到DD5与GH3039异质高温合金接头,分析了接头的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明,Co50NiCrWB钎料在DD5和GH3039高温合金表面的润湿性能良好,接头包括钎料反应区与扩散影响区,反应区主要物相为溶有Cr的Ni–Co基固溶体、富Cr硼化物相和富Co、Cr、W、Re的硼化物相。钎焊接头在900℃的拉伸性能平均值达到193 MPa,900℃/40 MPa下的接头持久寿命最高达到221 h。拉伸试样断口观察表明断裂发生在钎料反应区,呈脆性断裂特征。     

保温时间对K452高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用钴基钎料及镍基合金粉料,分别在1170℃保温10min、60min和120min的钎焊工艺下,对K452镍基铸造高温合金进行真空钎焊实验,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析仪进行了接头显微组织观察与物相分析,并测试钎焊接头的高温力学性能。结果表明:在保温60min的工艺规范下,界面实现较好的结合,钎缝内部孔洞缺陷较少,钎缝组织均匀,有利于钎焊接头性能的提高;在更长的保温时间120min下,钎缝内部又有蚀孔缺陷形成,且较多的白色块状化合物在合金粉颗粒间聚集长大,但界面结合良好,钎焊接头性能较高,900℃抗拉强度达到400MPa,900℃/100MPa持久寿命为141h55min。     

K403与DZ4高温合金的大间隙钎焊

采用两种含钨钎料N171,N300和Rene'95高温合金粉末对K403与DZ4高温合金的大间隙钎焊工艺进行了研究。试验结果表明,在钎焊接头间隙中预填合适粒度的Rene'95高温合金粉末,可实现K403+DZ4的大间隙钎焊。焊后在较高温度进行较长时间的扩散处理,可明显改善大间隙钎焊接头组织,并防止其焊后固溶处理时发生严重重熔,但为避免高温合金粉被钎料过分溶解,在高温扩散处理前,应先在较低温度进行一定时间的热处理。采用N300钎料、预填Rene'95粉钎焊的K403+DZ4大间隙接头经焊后扩散处理,具有良好的高温力学性能,接头900℃的拉伸强度达铸态K403母材的92%,980℃/126MPa条件下持久寿命为135h;再经固溶处理后,接头900℃的拉伸强度超过铸态K403母材水平(677MPa),持久寿命也略有提高。     

钴基钎料钎焊K465合金大间隙接头组织与性能

采用Co45Ni Cr WB钴基钎料,预填FGH95镍基合金粉,在1220℃不同保温时间下对K465高温合金进行0.5 mm大间隙真空钎焊实验,研究钎缝组织构成及不同保温时间对钎缝组织与接头性能的影响。结果表明:钎缝组织由合金粉颗粒及颗粒间硼化物相构成,颗粒内为γ和γ'双相组织和少量小块状硼化相,颗粒间是高Cr,W和Nb的硼化物相;钎焊时随保温时间延长合金粉长大,化合物相合并长大;合金粉比例高、保温时间适当获得钎缝中化合物相细小弥散分布,对接头性能有利;钎焊保温30~60 min时接头持久性能较高。     

采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co钎料钎焊SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料的接头组织与性能

针对SiCf/β21S钛基复合材料,采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系新钎料,进行了钎焊实验和接头力学性能测试.实验结果表明:960℃/10min规范下的钎缝组织形貌单一,钎焊接头剪切强度平均值为157.8MPa;960℃/10min/5MPa规范下的钎缝主要由层片状组织组成,接头剪切强度平均值达到291.2MPa,较前者提高了85%左右,该接头经过900℃/2h热处理后组织变化不大.钎缝中的缺陷以及Ti和Zr与Cu,Ni和Co三种合金元素形成的脆性化合物相在接头中所占比例对接头性能影响很大.     

TC4钛合金真空钎焊的研究

用钛基钎料钎焊的钛合金焊接接头强度较高,因而具有一定的应用前景。本课题采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料并加入适当的合金元素,成功地应用于TC4合金的钎焊,钎缝成形良好,提高了焊接接头的性能。     

K403合金高性能钎焊技术研究

用新型镍基钎料3P1对K403合金进行真空钎焊试验,分析钎焊接头的微观组织和连接机制,测试接头高温力学性能.结果表明:采用3P1钎料,在1230℃/10min 1160℃/4h条件下进行K403合金钎焊,可以获得无缺陷的,与基体组织相似的钎焊接头,其1000℃下高温拉伸强度可以达到基体强度的90%,高温持久强度可以达到基体强度的70%以上.     

添加硼元素对Ni-25at%Si/Ti600接头组织性能的影响规律

以高温钛合金和自共晶镍硅合金为母材,使用额外添加硼元素的Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料进行钎焊连接,针对硼元素含量和钎焊对接头界面结构和力学性能的影响进行探究。通过对Ni-25at%Si/Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu+B非晶钎料/Ti600接头的界面组织结构进行优化实现钎焊结构性能的提升,获得质量良好的钎焊接头。研究结果表明,通过引入硼元素可调控钎焊过程,继而获得TiB晶须,这种晶须能对Ti₂Ni层产生复合强化的作用,进而使接头高温钛合金侧界面的残余应力明显下降,减缓接头开裂的速度,同时结合拔出强化方式对裂纹的扩展起到阻碍作用,从而提高接头的强度。1 213 K/10 min工艺条件下的镍硅合金/高温钛合金钎焊接头的平均强度高于不含硼元素增强的接头,达到84 MPa,同时确保在接头内部不会出现裂纹和孔洞,进而达到提升镍硅合金/高温钛合金钎焊接头质量的效果。     

LD2合金中温钎焊接头组织与拉伸性能

采用制备的一种新型中温铝基钎料箔(熔点513~529℃),在530~550℃对LD2铝合金进行真空钎焊试验。测试钎焊接头的室温抗拉性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(DES)对钎焊接头组织和断口形貌进行观察分析。试验结果表明,制备的钎料可用于LD2铝合金的真空钎焊,在优化工艺规范下可获得致密的接头,焊后经热处理,钎焊接头平均室温抗拉强度可达300MPa,断口是以典型韧窝为特征的塑性断口。     

扩散处理对K403铸造高温合金大间隙钎焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

研究采用自制钎料加入FGH95高温合金粉末的K403铸造高温合金大间隙钎焊后扩散处理参数对接头组织和持久性能的影响.结果表明,钎焊后进行温度1180℃,32h的扩散处理,钎缝化学成分及组织均匀,钎缝基体组织为γ固溶体,占体积50%～53%的γ′相均匀分布.骨架状硼化物化合物消除,少量小块和粒状碳化物和硼化物分布在晶界上.钎焊接头975℃的持久强度较高.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。