Stabilization of the attitude of a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances using finite-time control techniques

In this paper, we consider the attitude stabilization problem for a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances. To obtain a better disturbance rejection property, we employ finite-time control techniques. In the absence of disturbances, by employing continuous finite-time control method, a continuous finite-time controller is designed such that the attitude of the rigid spacecraft will converge to the origin in finite time. In the presence of disturbances, by employing terminal sliding mode method, a discontinuous finite-time control law is proposed such that the states will eventually converge to a small region of the origin, which can be rendered as small as desired. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.     

基于综合识别的高速飞行器在线姿态控制方法

针对高速飞行器控制方法中控制模型难以适应大包络飞行和算法中辨识存在收敛性的问题,设计了一种基于综合识别的在线控制方案.首先,由在线直接可测量构成三通道的特征状态量,以特征状态量建立面向控制的特征模型;然后,通过反馈线性化进行通道间的解耦,采用极点配置来进行在线控制参数的实时调节.仿真结果表明,在气动参数拉偏的情况下,三个通道均取得了较好的控制效果,控制器具有快速性和鲁棒性,且易于工程实现.     

姿控脉冲发动机点火逻辑优化控制算法

针对拦截弹末制导姿控脉冲发动机组合点火问题,利用吱呀轮优化(SWO)的导向式快速搜索特点,提出了一种基于SWO的点火逻辑优化控制算法。在分析脉冲发动机数学模型和点火控制约束条件的基础上,将脉冲发动机的组合点火问题转化为任务调度问题,并与贪心算法和遗传算法进行比较。仿真结果表明,该算法能够满足控制精度和实时性要求。     

基于LQG/LTR的高超声速飞行器全通道姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器具有强烈的非线性、耦合及不确定性等特点,且存在系统噪声和量测噪声,使姿态控制变得困难的问题,提出了采用LQG/LTR控制方法进行全通道姿态控制的思路。首先,在平衡点通过小偏差线性化方法建立多变量耦合的控制模型;然后,运用LQG/LTR控制方法设计姿态控制器。仿真结果表明,在有高斯噪声情况下,所设计的姿态控制系统实现了指令精确跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

倾转旋翼机过渡段纵向姿态控制技术研究

针对倾转旋翼机既存在拉力矢量控制又存在气动舵控制的复杂操纵特性,在纵向模型的基础上,给出了过渡段操纵控制方案和过渡段转换控制方案。对过渡段平衡点进行配平,计算得出配平工作点处各通道的操纵量,并设计了走廊曲线。采用PID控制和模糊整定技术对过渡段飞行控制系统进行设计,实现了倾转旋翼机从直升机模式到固定翼模式的平稳转换,并保持高度不变。仿真结果验证了所设计的过渡段控制方案的正确性和可行性。     

Integrated power and attitude control with two flywheels

Energy storage and attitude control are two distinct subsystems of the typical satellite. Energy storage is provided using batteries and active attitude control is accomplished with control moment gyroscopes or reaction wheels. A system mass savings can be achieved if these two subsystems are combined using multiple flywheels for simultaneous kinetic energy storage and momentum transfer. This paper develops, simulates, and experimentally demonstrates the control algorithms to accomplish integrated power and single-axis attitude control using two flywheels.     

Channelization: the two-fault tolerant attitude control functionfor the Space Station Freedom

The Space Station Freedom was, from the mid-1980's through 1993, the design for an international orbiting laboratory facility. The Space Station Freedom was comprised of “utility” systems, such as power generation and distribution, thermal management, and data processing, and “user” systems such as communication and tracking, propulsion, payload support, and guidance, navigation, and control. These systems are required to work together to provide various station functions. To protect the lives onboard and the investment in the station, the systems and their connectivity had to be designed to continue to support critical functions after any single fault for early assembly stages, and after any two faults for later stages. Of these critical functions, attitude control was the most global, incorporating equipment from nearly all major systems. The challenge was to develop an architecture, or integration, of these systems that would achieve the specified level of fault tolerant attitude control and operate, autonomously, for the three-month unmanned periods during the assembly process. Additionally, this architecture had to maintain the desired utility of the station for each stage of the assembly process. This paper discusses the approach developed for integrating the systems such that the fault tolerance requirements were met for all stages of assembly. Some of the key integration issues are examined and the role of analysis tools are described. The resultant design was a highly channelized one, and the reasons and the benefits of this design will be explored. The final design was accepted by the Space Station Control Board as the design baseline in July 1992     

微喷姿态控制系统的设计与研究

应用在工程中的微喷姿态控制系统是一个高阶非线性系统,它可作为控制理论研究的一个对象,为控制理论的研究提供一个实验平台.通过建立微喷姿态控制系统数学模型,并在此基础上设计了一个自适应变结构控制器,保证了系统的鲁棒性.仿真验证了本方法的有效性.     

Acousto-optic spectrum analyzer techniques for monitoring CW

The issues associated with processing the outputs of an integrating acoustooptical spectrum analyzer (AOSA) to detect and identify the frequency and power of continuous wave (CW) signals are considered. The performance of the optimum detection strategy is presented, along with the Cramer-Rao bound on the performance of estimators of the frequency, and the performance of a simple peak-based frequency estimator. The performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the power level is also presented. The results provide the behavior of the system as a function of the product of the aperture time and photodetector spacing amongst other parameters     

基于混合观测器的导弹有限时间收敛滑模姿态控制

为了提高非匹配非线性干扰影响下导弹姿态控制系统的性能,提出了一种基于干扰-状态混合观测器的新型有限时间收敛滑模控制器。首先,基于观测器输出构建非奇异终端滑模面,保证非匹配干扰影响下的系统误差有限时间快速收敛;其次,采用时变观测增益设计,避免了传统固定观测增益可能带来的估计尖峰问题;再次,基于超扭曲算法,在避免传统滑模控制抖振问题的同时确保滑模面有限时间可达。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具备强鲁棒、快速收敛以及无尖峰的控制性能。     

欠驱动直连式三体绳系卫星非线性姿态跟踪控制

针对存在外部有界干扰和控制饱和的欠驱动直连式三体旋转绳系卫星系统姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式非线性控制方法。首先考虑单体欠驱动绳系卫星姿态模型,由于其复杂的非完整动力学特性,应用微分同胚映射的方法先将模型进行转换,进一步基于反步法设计了欠驱动姿态跟踪滑模控制器,并结合抗饱和方法解决了控制受限的问题。然后应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的一致最终有界性。进一步考虑绳系卫星系统的运动同步性,将欠驱动单体绳系卫星姿态控制器设计扩展至直连式三体绳系卫星姿态系统,设计了分布式欠驱动非线性控制器。最后进行了数学仿真,验证了本文所设计控制方法的有效性。     

弹性飞翼无人机鲁棒姿态控制设计

针对大展弦比飞翼布局无人机的刚体运动与弹性运动耦合动力学模型,提出了一种基于反步法的鲁棒非线性控制方法。该方法考虑了飞翼无人机的非线性因素,将动态面反步控制作为内环控制抵消系统的非线性因素;同时考虑系统实际存在的弹性耦合项、参数不确定项以及外部扰动,将内环反步控制与飞翼无人机模型整体作为新的被控对象,引入最优化理论对新的被控对象设计了外环鲁棒控制器。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制器不仅满足飞翼无人机姿态跟踪性能的要求,且对模型不确定性和气动弹性影响具有鲁棒性。     

Thruster design for position/attitude control of spacecraft

The objective of this work is to design the configuration of thrusters and valves of a propulsion system which should reject external and internal perturbations to control position and attitude of a spacecraft. As has been proved in a previous paper by Pena et al. (see ibid., vol. 36, no. 3, 2000), there exist configurations of 6 thrusters which can achieve this task, even under the failure of any one of them. Nevertheless, that previous result only presents analysis conditions and furthermore its implementation would demand also 6 valves, one for each thruster. Here we propose a design method that can solve the aforementioned problem with 6 thrusters/3 valves.     

Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.     

Nonlinear control and stability analysis of spacecraft attitude recovery

The problem of automated attitude recovery of rigid and flexible spacecraft is investigated using feedback linearization control and a novel approach for generating the control error signal based on quaternion addition. The attitude and flexible dynamics equations for a class of spacecraft is presented. The resulting nonlinear and coupled equations of the system are implemented into a high-fidelity user-friendly simulation environment. The simulator is used for the investigation of attitude recovery of flexible spacecraft using the feedback linearization approach. Since the flexible spacecraft is underactuated, the input-output linearization technique was specifically used to break up the system into two distinct parts, namely 1) an external linearizable system for which a linear controller can be easily implemented, and 2) an internal nonlinear unobservable system for which the associated zero dynamics is shown to be asymptotically stable for two representative cases. The overall closed-loop stability of the flexible spacecraft is analyzed rigorously and shown to be asymptotically stable using Lyapunov's method     

Structural health monitoring techniques for aircraft composite structures

In order for composite materials to be used more extensively in load carrying aircraft structures, they have to be maintained in a safe and economical manner. Critical flaws may be induced in the structure requiring repair before the next scheduled inspection. Continuous monitoring will significantly increase operational safety. The information acquired in real-time would also benefit the understanding on fracture mechanics of composites, improving the confidence in their use and broadening their applications. The cost of inspection is approximately one-third of acquiring and operating composite structures. In order to compete in the increasingly demanding area of aircraft structures cost effective techniques need to be developed. Large areas need to be scanned rapidly without removal of individual components, minimising the disruption of the structure’s operation. In this paper a review of currently used inspection methods is presented and some examples are described where Lamb wave based scanning techniques have been used to identify internal damage in multi-layered composite structures.     

Twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude and position

A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances.     

充液航天器姿态控制研究进展

首先介绍了充液航天器刚-液耦合动力学建模的研究现状,以及目前被广泛使用的等效晃动力学模型的建模方法;其次针对不同执行器的选取,总结分析了基于李亚普诺夫稳定性原理、滑模控制、自适应反馈控制等充液航天器抑制液体燃料晃动、控制姿态的方案;最后,对目前国内充液航天器姿态控制问题进行了总结,并展望了充液航天器未来的研究方向.     

基于飞行品质监控模型 构建管制工作品质监控机制

2007年底民航局颁发了《中国民用航空安全管理体系建设总体实施方案》,该方案要求包括空管在内的有关民航企事业单位建立内部安全管理体系。但是,在空管系统如何开展运行风险管理,如何实现由被动管理向主动管理,进而向趋势预测管理过渡,从而实现持续、稳步提高空管安全管理水平的目的,笔者认为,建立科学的空管工作品质监控机制是一种有效的管理途径和方法。     

航天器姿控系统的PD型学习观测器故障重构

针对满足Lipschitz条件的航天器姿态控制系统这一非线性系统中存在的执行器加性故障、空间干扰与测量噪声问题,提出了基于PD型迭代学习观测器的故障重构方法。该方法具有期望的鲁棒性能指标,能够在系统存在空间干扰与测量噪声情况下实现对突变故障与时变故障等故障类型的精确重构。基于线性矩阵不等式技术给出系统化PD型迭代学习观测器的设计方法,并根据Lyapunov稳定性理论对上述设计方法的稳定性条件进行了理论证明,同时利用鲁棒技术抑制空间干扰与测量噪声对执行器故障重构的影响,通过线性矩阵不等式工具箱求解观测器参数矩阵。最后,将该方法应用到航天器姿态控制系统中,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。