全国大学生电子设计竞赛辅导浅析

本介绍了全国大学生电子设计竞赛的赛前辅导工作，说明了其辅导的过程及其对教学工作的启示。     

Reaching for the red planet

The distant shores of Mars were reached by numerous U.S. and Russian spacecraft throughout the 1960s to mid 1970s. Nearly 20 years have passed since those successful missions which orbited and landed on the Martian surface. Two Soviet probes headed for the planet in July, 1988, but later failed. In August 1993, the U.S. Mars Observer suddenly went silent just three days before it was to enter orbit around the planet and was never heard from again. In late 1996, there will be renewed activity on the launch pads with three probes departing for the red planet: 1) The U.S. Mars Global Surveyor will be launched in November on a Delta II rocket and will orbit the planet for global mapping purposes; 2) Russia's Mars '96 mission, scheduled to fly in November on a Proton launcher, consists of an orbiter, two small stations which will land on the Martian surface, and two penetrators that will plow into the terrain; and finally, 3) a U.S. Discovery-class spacecraft, the Mars Pathfinder, has a December launch date atop a Delta II booster. The mission features a lander and a microrover that will travel short distances over Martian territory. These missions usher in a new phase of Mars exploration, setting the stage for an unprecedented volley of spacecraft that will orbit around, land on, drive across, and perhaps fly at low altitudes over the planet.     

Electronic device for the blind

Electronic devices are a help for the blind. Some electronic devices push video signals directly to the brain but the device presented in this paper uses a sensitive and ready sensorial system: the auditory system. This article presents a low cost electronic device that enables the blind to distinguish the color and distance of objects. The project was first published in the UK and that system with the intensity of musical notes proportional to the brightness has proven to be annoying as the musical notes sound uninterrupted. In order to solve this problem, a new system for brightness perception was designed so a brief musical note is sounded when the sensor detects an increase of brightness and another brief musical note, one octave below, is sounded when the sensor detects a decrease in brightness     

动力三角翼飞行器气动力设计技术

介绍了动力三角翼飞行器的总体布局特征及有关气动力设计技术,着重论述了该类飞行器实现飞行稳定性和操纵性的原理,并以某型动力三角翼飞行器的气动力数据为例进行了说明,最后总结出了该类飞行器可行的气动力设计和试验方法。     

缓蚀剂在工业纯铁/盐酸体系中缓蚀能力的快速评价方法

研究了聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡＣ）、苯扎溴铵（ＤＢＤＡＢ）在工业纯铁／盐酸体系中的缓蚀性能,推导了一种既能快速测出腐蚀缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率又能确定腐蚀缓蚀剂类型的新方法,定义了能够确定腐蚀缓蚀剂类型因子Ｐ。研究结果表明,Ｐ〉１．００的缓蚀剂为阳极型的缓蚀剂,Ｐ〈１．００的缓蚀剂为阴极型缓蚀剂。     

全信息代表飞行起落疲劳载荷谱编制方法研究

针对某重型歼击机的实际使用特点,在只有少量飞行载荷实测数据的基础上,利用外场飞机实际使用情况,提出全信息代表飞行起落法编制该型飞机疲劳载荷谱的方法,为先进飞机的载荷谱的编制提供一种切实可行的科学理论。     

面向未来的微纳卫星测控管理

针对如何根据微纳卫星的技术状态与测控需求特点,以建立对多目标、多体制下卫星的测控管理模式的问题,从系统规划、设备研制、测控网建设等方面进行了有益的研究与分析。主要从卫星使用频率、占用轨道等空间资源的合理分配方面着手,提出了适宜微纳卫星应用与发展的频率和轨道选用建议。再根据微纳卫星的技术特点,提出了采用符合CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)规程的数据格式的建议。同时,针对在轨管理,还提出了利用国内外现有有效测控资源的联网合作与商业运作的管理方式。这些观点,有可能对我国微纳卫星进行高效、可靠的测控管理提供借鉴参考。     

直升机驾驶人员的可靠性分析与研究

根据直升机的使用及型号研制中的经验教训,提出了在直升机的可靠性分析中必须考虑人的失误对直升机使用的安全性和可靠性的影响,并根据THERP(Technique for the Human Error Rate Prediction)方法,建立了人的失误的分析和计算程序,最后以直11型机为例详细地说明了THERP方法的应用。     

System Security Research for the 1970's

Five basic needs for the improvement of system security are identified. Brief discussions are presented in the areas of system design, coordinated operation, more effective operation, and political- public relations problems. Recent results in the fifth basic need for system security, the development of more sophisticated approaches to the problems of system control, are presented. The results are in research areas sponsored by Electric Research Council Research Project RP90. Finally, several suggestions are offered for further research in this vital area of system control.     

压电式加速度传感器灵敏度校准虚拟仪器设计

虚拟仪器是计算机技术与仪器技术深层次结合产生的全新概念的仪器，它实现了测量仪器的智能化、多样化、模块化特点。在虚拟仪器的硬件平台确定后，选用LabVIEW软件作为虚拟仪器软件平台，并利用其图形化编程特点，在虚拟信号发生器程序设计基础上设计了传感器灵敏度校准程序，并应用该程序实现了压电式加速度传感器灵敏度校准。与使用传统仪器进行压电式加速度传感器校准相比，具有校准过程速度快、操作简单、且校准结果准确的特点。     

浅析航空座椅弹射火箭的发展

当飞机失去控制时,火箭弹射座椅具有重要的意义。为此,首先简要介绍了国内外航空座椅弹射火箭的发展史,然后通过对国内外弹射火箭研究方向和发展思路的详细对比,指出了国内外座椅弹射火箭发展的异同点,明确了我国弹射火箭发展方向的正确性。在肯定了我国各型号座椅弹射火箭的同时,也指出了国内的差距,对我国座椅弹射火箭在今后发展过程中可能面临和需要解决的有关问题进行了详细分析,为新型弹射火箭的设计提供参考。     

Nonredundant error correction DQPSK for the aeronautical-satellitechannel

The performance of differentially encoded quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) system employing nonredundant error correction (NEC) receivers with single- and double-error correction capability is analyzed and evaluated for the aeronautical satellite channel. The NEC is an attractive coding technique which employs differential detectors with more than one symbol delay elements and which does not introduce any redundancy as other coding schemes do. As typical for aeronautical satellite communications, a Rician fading channel with Gaussian power spectrum has been considered. Unlike the additive, uncorrelated from symbol to symbol interference such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or static cochannel interference (CCI) which has been investigated in the past, analysis of the performance in a fading channel is much more difficult. The difficulty arises from the multiplicative and correlative nature of the fading interference. Bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation results have been obtained by means of computer simulation for various channel conditions, including different values of the K-factor and the fading B_DT. These results have indicated that considerable performance gains as compared with conventional differentially detected systems are achieved for high values of K and for very fast fading. Both of these conditions are encountered in typical aeronautical communication systems. Wherever possible, heuristic explanations of the trend of the obtained BER performance evaluation results are also given     

Inertial Technology for the Future

There are many different approaches to inertial instruments-to be useful a concept has to be sound, but success is the fruition of solving myriads of design details. The concept of the electrostatically suspended gyro has been proven to be sound, but the Rockwell and Honeywell designs are quite different. The floated instrument concept is sound, but design details of the North American (now Rockwell) inertial navigator on the Nautilus arctic patrol were quite different from those of the M. I. T. Instrumentation Laboratory (now Draper Laboratory). These are but examples illustrating the many useful inertial instrument technologies in being and point up that not only do different concepts have a place in time and application, but different designs of the same concept often fulfill a need. The future will be no different. A number of leading experts provide short surveys of the principal inertial technologies of today and what is to be expected in the next 25 years. Not all predictions are congruent-like stock market predictions, you are left to decide for yourself.     

关于S-弧连通性

针对拓扑中S-弧连通性问题，给出了一些新的结论。在文中，首先给出了半连续等函数一些概念和性质，对弧连通性作了几种推广，给出了几类新的弧连通性，即S-弧连通性；然后，讨论了S-弧连通性的性质及它们与弧连通性的关系。最后，研究了弧连通性中的开SH-弧连通性与SH-连通性的关系，给出了一系列新的结果。     

支承座三工序复合冲压模具

介绍一种新型支承座三工步复合冲压模具的结构、工作原理、主要工作部件的设计技术和参数计算。使用此种模具，可以在一个工步中完成支承座毛坯的落料、冲孔和弯曲成形，生产效率高，工艺质量好。     

关于农村老年人经济保障问题的思考

老人缺乏经济保障是造成农村养老纠纷事件多发的根本原因，作者在分析农村老人缺乏经济保障原因的基础上，对解决农村老人经济保障问题的途径进行了探讨。     

Activity Planning for the Space Station

This paper presents an overview of the identification and selection process of experiments and payloads for manned space flight missions, emphasizing the scope and magnitude of the problem of doing activity planning and the need for a methodology to assure timely flight and appropriate spacecraft design. Conclusions and results derived from the past several years are presented together with an analysis of the current procedure for defining activity for the space station.     

运输类飞机结构设计安全系数的探讨

中国民用航空规章运输类飞机适航标准25.303要求采用1.5的安全系数,该要求同其他相关适航条款,例如25.307"结构符合性的证明"、25.603"材料"、25.605"制造方法"、25.613"材料的强度性能和材料的设计值"等,共同保证了飞机结构的高可靠性。理论上,当材料、载荷、分析等方面的不确定性降低,采用低于1.5的安全系数可以保证结构具有同等的高可靠性;另一方面,当材料、载荷、分析等方面的不确定性大于目前适航规章所允许的水平,通过采用大于1.5的安全系数也可以保证结构具有等同的高可靠性。为了在民用运输类飞机的适航取证/审定过程中,在保证结构可靠性的前提下,能够根据具体情况适当调整结构安全系数,在综合研究中国民用航空规章第25部《运输类飞机适航标准》相关条款内在联系的基础上,探讨了载荷、材料性能、分析方法等不确定性对飞机结构安全系数的贡献。研究结果表明,目前1.5的飞机结构安全系数,用于考虑载荷、材料性能、分析方法等不确定性的系数分量分别为1.2、1.12、1.116.     

Integrated track maintenance for the PMHT via the hysteresis model

Unlike other tracking algorithms the probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (PMHT) assumes that the true source of each measurement is an independent realisation of a random process. Given knowledge of the prior probability of this assignment variable, data association is performed independently for each measurement. When the assignment prior is unknown, it can be estimated provided that it is either time independent, or fixed over the batch. This paper presents a new extension of the PMHT, which incorporates a randomly evolving Bayesian hyperparameter for the assignment process. This extension is referred to as the PMHT with hysteresis. The state of the hyperparameter reflects each model's contribution to the mixture, and thus can be used to quantify the significance of mixture components. The paper demonstrates how this can be used as a method for automated track maintenance in clutter. The performance benefit gained over the standard PMHT is demonstrated using simulations and real sensor data     

Electromechanical Actuation Technology for the All-Electric Aircraft

Electromechanical actuation is a critical element that must be developed and verified to make the all-electric aircraft a viable concept. For several years the Flight Control Division of the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories has sponsored activities to demonstrate the credibility of electromechanical actuation systems (EMAS) for primary flight control actuation functions. The foundation for these EMAS activities and several electromechanical actuation development programs are described here. One involves the design, fabrication, and laboratory test of a rotary, hingeline electromechanical actuator. Another involves the development and flight test demonstration of a linear electromechanical actuator for controlling an aileron of a C-141 aircraft. A third involves the design and development of a linear electromechanical actuator for missiles having severe performance, temperature, and volumetric requirements. In addition, a brief summary of the results from two aircraft actuation trade studies compare the baseline (conventional) hydraulic flight control system with an all-electric airplane concept including quantitative comparisons of weight, reliability and maintainability, and life cycle costs.