Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

基于代理模型的结构外形优化

提出了一种将代理模型用于机翼结构外形优化的方法。重点介绍了建立结构分析代理模型的过程,包括确定设计变量及取值范围、生成试验设计点、建立参数化结构模型、有限元结构优化设计、提取结构特性并构造代理模型。最后通过一个简单的机翼结构优化算例验证了这种方法的可行性和有效性。     

飞机结构完整性研究现状及发展方向

飞机结构完整性是确保飞机安全寿命的重要条件之一。简要介绍了结构完整性在飞机设计中的发展进程及其作用；以F-4C／D和F-16飞机为例．叙述了结构完整性在飞机结构设计和验证中的应用情况；最后指出当前我国结构完整性技术的研究现状．以及下一步的研究重点。     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.     

二维燃油泵的设计与研究

提出一种新型的二维燃油泵，说明了其诸多优点。为研究其结构性流量脉动，利用仿真软件AMESIM建立了二维燃油泵的仿真模型进行理论研究，并进行了实验验证。通过齿轮泵与轴向柱塞泵的对比，说明了轴向柱塞泵在燃油系统应用中的优势。针对轴向柱塞泵中存在的一些不可避免的缺陷，提出了能避免这些缺陷的二维燃油泵。通过解释二维燃油泵的结构组成与工作原理，说明了二维燃油泵的优势，包括结构力平衡、工作效率高、无直接的滑动摩擦副和无结构性流量脉动等。为了解释无结构性流量脉动这一优点，进行了仿真分析与实验验证，验证了二维燃油泵具有无结构性流量脉动这一潜力。     

Integration of Manufacturing Cost into Structural Optimization of Composite Wings

 The manufacturing cost is a significant factor that must be considered in the structural design of a composite wing. A multi-objective optimization method for the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of composite wing structure is developed by integrating the manufacturing cost model into the traditional wing structural optimization. A two-level optimiza-tion method is proposed to carry out the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight, in which the design variables include both structural layout and dimensions and a cost model is incorporated into structural optimization. The manufacturing cost model for a composite wing and the detail procedure for solving this tradeoff problem are presented. The application of the method to the composite wing structural design of an unmanned aerial vehicle is illustrated to verify the method. The applica-tion indicates that the method is able to find the Pareto optimal set of minimum structural weight and manufacturing cost. Based on the Pareto optimal set, one can conduct the tradeoff between manufacturing cost and weight of wing structures.     

重力梯度传感器结构误差建模

机械精度设计在重力梯度传感器的结构设计过程中占有举足轻重的地位,因为结构误差对重力梯度仪输出结果的精度有很大影响。为此,采用建立数学模型的方法,根据测量原理分析加速度计输入输出关系,对理论输出结果和含有结构误差时的实际输出结果求差,得到结构误差方程。为保证重力梯度仪的测量精度,对主要结构误差方程中信号与结构误差的耦合项进行逐项分析,则可给出在不影响精度条件下,推导安装极限误差,为提出重力梯度传感器的结构所必须达到的机械精度以及载体平台稳定性的设计要求打下基础。     

航空结构件铣削变形及其控制研究进展

随着机床加工性能和刀具切削性能的提升,航空结构件的高效高精加工成为可能.航空结构件薄壁加工特征多,在铣削过程中易发生变形,因此预测与控制航空结构件的加工变形是切削加工领域内亟待解决的难题.通过总结了航空结构件的特点及加工难点,对加工变形形成机理进行深入分析;对加工变形影响最为关键的铣削力模型进行归纳;阐述了航空结构件残...     

倾转旋翼桨叶空气动力学/结构动力学多学科优化设计研究

采用了多学科设计优化方法, 根据涡流理论建立了倾转旋翼桨叶空气动力学分析模型, 利用CATIA, ANSYS和ADAMS等软件分析倾转旋翼桨叶结构动力学特性, 采用iSIGHT多学科设计优化软件集成空气动力学和结构动力学分析模型, 建立起倾转旋翼桨叶空气动力学/结构动力学多学科设计优化系统, 进行多学科设计优化研究.并以倾转旋翼机XV-15的桨叶为算例, 进行设计优化, 结果表明提出的倾转旋翼桨叶空气动力学/结构动力学多学科设计优化方法是可行和有效的.      

基于健康监测的飞机结构寿命预测技术

飞机结构健康监测技术在飞机的结构设计、飞行及维护过程中发挥着重要作用,该技术可用于结构健康状况预判、辅助维修与维护决策。本文首先介绍了当前结构健康监测的概念及其适用范围,讨论了结构健康监测相关规范要求,以F-35 和A400M 为例分析了国外飞机结构健康监测技术的典型工程案例,并给出了典型飞机单机跟踪和寿命控制、某老龄飞机载荷谱实测及寿命预测,讨论了基于裂纹的监测方法研究及限制其应用的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了飞机结构健康监测系统设计的主要思路,给出了寿命预计的基本流程,阐述了其中控制点选择、飞参筛选、载荷/应变方程构建、损伤计算及寿命评估、结果输出及方程验证等主要环节。最后,对航空领域未来开展结构健康监测智能化研究进行了展望。     

Structural shape parametric optimization for an internal structural-acoustic problem

A structural shape optimization problem, with respect to the structural aspect ratio is developed in the context of an axisymmetric structural-acoustic system, consisting of an elastic dome coupled with an internal acoustic cavity, is analyzed in the low- and medium-frequency ranges. The dome is a thin shell considered as a three-dimensional continuum with a dissipative constitutive equation. The internal fluid is a dissipative acoustic fluid. The dome is submitted to an external wall pressure field modeled by a stochastic field. The cost function is related to the pressure field over an internal axisymmetric observation surface inside the acoustic cavity. We are interested in minimizing the internal noise over the observation surface with respect to the structural aspect ratio defining the geometric shape of the dome. This paper develops an analysis of the structural-acoustic shape optimization problem to determine wheter or not there exist values of the dome aspect ratio for which the internal noise is a minimum. The frequency response functions of the structural-acoustic system are calculated to construct the cost function. In this context, the Fourier series expansions of the structural displacement field and the internal fluid velocity potential are carried out with respect to the polar angle variable. For each fixed circumferential wave number, a reduced matrix model is constructed using the structural modes of the structure in vacuo and the acoustic modes of the internal acoustic cavity with rigid wall. The structural modes and the acoustic modes are computed by the finite element method. The optimization parameter is the aspect ratio of the structure. The analysis presented shows that the structural shape optimization problem of the dome with respect to its aspect ratio parameter has a clear solution which minimizes internal noise in the low- and medium-frequency ranges.     

Characteristic analysis of lock-in for an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow

Numerical simulations are performed to study the aeroelastic responses of an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow, by coupling the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and structural motion equation. The current work focuses on the char-acteristic analysis of the lock-in phenomenon. Great attentions are paid to studying the frequency range of lock-in and the effects of the three parameters, namely the structural natural frequency, mass ratio and structural damping, on lock-in characteristic of the elastic system in detail. It is found that when the structural natural frequency is close to the buffet frequency, the coupling fre-quency of the elastic system is no longer equal to the buffet frequency, but keeps the same value as the structural natural frequency. The frequency lock-in occurs and stays present until the structural nature frequency is near the double buffet frequency. It means that the lock-in presents within a broad range, of which the lower threshold is near the buffet frequency, while the upper threshold is near the double buffet frequency. Moreover, the frequency range of lock-in is affected by mass ratio and structural damping. The lower the mass ratio and structural damping are, the wider the range of lock-in will be. The upper threshold of lock-in grows with the mass ratio and structural damping decreasing, but the lower threshold always keeps the same.     

飞机襟翼声疲劳应力的仿真与模式识别

利用回归分析方法，建立声激励下飞机襟翼振动总加速度和总应力对总声压的仿真模型，及总应力对振动总加速度的仿真模型。通过模式识别，得到结构应力响应、结构加速度响应与总声压线性和非线性关系的界限，以及结构应力响应与加速度线性和非线性关系的界限。     

考虑结构动力学与颤振约束的颤振缩比模型优化设计

由于颤振缩比模型与原模型在承力结构上存在差异,当二者的结构动力学特性相似时,气动弹性可能并不等效.针对该问题,提出了同时考虑结构动力学约束和颇振约束的颤振缩比模型优化设计方法,建立了利用遗传/敏度混合优化算法求解此问题的流程,研究了优化问题中目标函数和约束条件的选取方式,并以机翼颤振缩比模型为算例对方法的有效性进行了验...     

无人机单、双尾撑布局的结构效率研究

为了探讨在总体设计中单、双尾撑布局无人机的结构效率,本文采用工程梁方法对这一设计问题进行简化与建模,作为无人机设计时对结构因素的考虑。理论推导与实际算例结果均表明,双尾撑布局比单尾撑布局具有更高的结构效率,因而从结构刚度上能够解释很多无人机采用双尾撑布局的理由。最后,作者给出了3点结论。     

飞机结构健康监测技术

飞机结构健康监测技术已经在实验室实验及飞行试验中得到了成功验证,随着技术成熟度的持续提升,在未来数年,该项技术具备极大的装机应用的可能性。飞机结构健康监测技术是一项通过传感器等硬件获取结构或系统数据信息为核心的创新性技术,该项技术能够在飞机的设计、制造、运营和维护等各个过程中发挥重要作用,同时,也是未来智能航空的关键组成部分。此外,随着人工智能、大数据、5G以及物联网概念的推进,航空结构健康监测技术的发展得到了一次飞跃的契机。本文首先全面的分析了飞机结构健康监测技术为航空领域带来的益处,并对其关键技术和应用现状进行了系统性的阐述,最后基于现有理论知识与先前工程经验创新性地提出一套民用飞机健康管理策略。     

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure. Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio, where 100 lithium batteries are assembled. In the proposed integrated optimization, the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure. The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements. The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation. Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience. The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases. Maintaining the same structural weight, the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.     

民用飞机结构检查可达性分析研究

结构检查的可达性对于航空公司的定检维修相当重要,而针对民用飞机的结构可达性分析的研究相对较少。从适航条款的要求出发,结构可达性可分为目视检查(一般目视检查和详细目视检查)任务、无损检测任务和更换、调整任务,而检查类型任务才是可达性分析的重点。提出了一种结构检查可达性的分析方法,总结了目视检查任务和无损检测任务两种类型任务的检查要求,根据检查任务的检查要求,基于人体实体可达性、结构本体可达性、光照情况和维修资源使用情况四个角度,提出可达性检查等级,可达性检查等级结合检查任务实施的检查门槛值和检查重复间隔,给出可达性分析结论。通过某型飞机详细目视检查任务和无损检测任务的案例分析,可以看出此结构检查可达性分析方法易于操作,并可以给出明确的可达性结论,为可达性措施条款的符合提供了一种分析途径。     

某直升机全复合材料尾段结构优化设计研究

以蒙皮复合材料各方向铺层的厚度为设计变量,对直升机全复合材料尾段结构进行静力分析以及优化设计,使其在满足结构刚度、强度约束的条件下结构重量最轻.应用ANSYS软件,采用APDL参数化编程语言,实现参数化建模、静力分析以及优化设计.应用四种约束方法,提高优化结果的可靠性.优化结果表明,结构重量较初始经验设计减轻了50%左右,载荷分配更加合理,消除了一些应力集中现象,使其更好的满足全部的约束条件,达到预期的优化效果.     

某型发动机压气机轮盘结构可靠性分析

对某型发动机压气机第2级轮盘进行了结构可靠性分析。考虑了材料属性和载荷的随机性对结构安全的影响,对其进行了确定性分析;分别采用蒙特卡罗法和响应面法计算了轮盘结构可靠度,并对其随机性的影响因素进行了灵敏度分析。