起落架与防滑刹车系统的相互作用研究

通过采用一个简化的起落架数学模型,对某机在着陆滑跑过程中防滑刹车系统的工作状态进行计算机仿真;并通过改变起落架的结构参数,对起落架与刹车系统在飞机着陆刹车过程中的相互作用进行了初步的定量分析,最后提出了考虑起落架因素的刹车系统半物理仿真试验验证方法。     

某型飞机着水识别方案研究

某型飞机具备在水上正常起降的功能,飞机的电传飞控系统在不同的飞行状态下对应不同的飞行控制律,控制律包括地面模式、起飞模式、空中模式、拉平模式、着陆/着水模式,不同的控制律模式飞机的操纵特性不同,因此工作模式之间切换时需要非常精准的时机,否则会造成事故或机毁人亡。飞机在着陆时可以通过起落架轮载开关作为判断着陆成功的信号,将控制律切换到着陆模式;飞机在着水时起落架始终为收起状态,再无其它可用的信号识别飞机是否成功着水。提出使用压力传感器、浮子式开关、水浸传感器等信号作为着水识别的方案,对不同的方案进行了权衡研究,得出成熟度最高的方案,并分析其可能存在的问题及相应的解决措施,最后得出结论。     

舱门对起落架流场和气动噪声的影响研究

前起落架一般具有异于主起落架的双侧对称舱门,民用飞机进场降落时打开的前起落架舱门必然对起落架流场和噪声产生干扰阻挡和反射作用。为了研究前起落架舱门对起落架流场和噪声的干扰阻挡效应,采用两轮起落架标模对改善的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法和福克斯·威廉姆斯—霍金斯（FW-H）方程进行数值方法验证;在数值计算方法准确可靠的基础上,对某民用飞机高保真前起落架有舱门和无舱门的两种模型的流场特征和远场辐射噪声特性进行对比计算分析,分析舱门附近流动演化过程及舱门对远场辐射噪声的影响。结果表明：由于舱门迎风端面非平直面,稍向内侧弯曲与来流具有一定夹角,导致在其前端引起当地流动分离,进而扩散到整个舱门之间的区域;两侧舱门阻挡干扰气流向展向扩散并撞击舱体侧面边缘的趋势,遮挡反射舱体前缘剪切流失稳撞击起落架产生的压力波,减弱了起落架的侧边噪声并形成声波干涉现象。     

基于降落区概念的飞机起落架着陆动力学分析

在飞机跑道上引入降落区的概念,建立了飞机在该降落区上降落时的简化分析模型;推导出了基于该分析模型的运动微分方程及相关参数的表达式,采用数值分析方法解出飞机分别以正常着陆速度2.70m/s和非正常着陆速度3.545m/s垂直撞击地面这一过程的动态响应,给出机身载荷－时间历程曲线和地面垂支反力－时间历程曲线等。与原模型分析结果相比,正常着陆时机身受载和地面垂支反力最大值减小45％,非正常着陆时机身受载和地面垂直反力最大值减小49％,有效减小了冲击载荷。     

舰载直升机着舰动力学分析

直升机的舰上起降是研究机一舰动态配合的主要内容，它是直升机起降安全和充分发挥其潜力的有力保证。为此从直升机舰上起降的特点出发，分析了舰船运动特性，空气尾流场变化规律，对直升机着舰及其着舰后的甲板运动力学进行了研究，最后简要地介绍了“风限图”的情况。     

基于飞参数据的飞机起落架地面受载状态分析

起落架是飞机起飞和着陆过程中的关键部件,其结构强度的优劣直接影响着飞机的起飞和着陆安全。本文针对某飞机依据强度和刚度规范设计出的起落架在某次着陆阶段出现的损伤故障,利用飞机的飞参数据,从中提取飞机着陆时的姿态与运动信息,分析飞机起落架的地面载荷信息,从而为故障排查提供参考和输入。分析结果表明,在某些情况会出现的三向载荷复合作用是导致该起落架结构损伤的可能原因之一。     

LGDFR法在起落架疲劳强度分析中的应用研究

原型飞机进行改型设计后,由于飞机的重量、重心变化,必将导致改型飞机起落架的载荷发生变化。应用细节疲劳额定值基本方法,利用原型飞机起落架的疲劳试验数据对改型飞机起落架的疲劳强度进行分析,称为起落架细节疲劳额定值方法。该方法较为简单、可靠、实用。     

侧向甲板运动补偿技术研究

 为提高着舰的安全性, 减小着舰误差, 研究了侧向甲板运动补偿机理, 设计了雷达测量轴跟踪滤波器, 导出了侧向甲板运动补偿指令模型, 建立了甲板运动补偿状态下侧向自动着舰导引系统结构配置, 仿真表明, 开发的甲板运动补偿技术可有效地补偿由海浪引起的着舰误差。     

飞机进近着陆系统电磁环境建模与仿真

针对现代导航着陆系统附近电磁环境复杂及机场可用空间的日益缩小的现状,提出了用电磁环境建模和仿真的方法来预测和分析电磁散射对着陆系统影响.根据这一方法可以计算出飞机在进近路径上各点的导航参量的变化.实验结果表明,其仿真结果在实际的应用中具有一定的借鉴作用.     

飞行器无动力应急着陆域和着陆轨迹设计

针对飞行器动力故障迫降着陆问题,提出一种应急着陆域（ELR）和着陆轨迹设计方法。首先,提出了无动力应急着陆域的概念,即无动力条件下可实现成功着陆的着陆点范围,并分别应用最优控制方法和hp自适应伪谱法对着陆域进行设计和求解;采用理论分析与仿真验证相结合的方法分析应急着陆域的特点以及影响着陆域大小的主要因素,并据此得到求解应急着陆域的简单近似方法。然后,依据所求得的应急着陆域,选择合适位置作为预定着陆点,并应用最优控制方法设计对应的着陆轨迹。仿真结果表明：应急着陆域的建立、分析对快速选择预定着陆点具有重要参考价值;设计的应急着陆轨迹可引导无动力飞行器实现成功着陆。     

一种飞船返回舱落点选优算法的设计与实现

设计一种选优算法。算法依据概率论,以寻找落点最密集区域为思路,从已知众多飞船返回舱落点数据中计算产生一个“优秀”落点,即尽可能接近返回舱的实际着陆点。     

Modeling of landing of a helicopter with skid undercarriage with regard for the second landing impact

A technique is suggested for calculating the helicopter spatial motion and the stress-strain state of a skid landing gear in the course of landing with regard for the second landing impact; geometric, material and design nonlinearity of undercarriage springs deformation is taken into account. The comparison between the analysis results and experimental data is presented.     

Contemporary approach to the design-systematic and experimental provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear

A new approach to the design-systematic provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear is proposed. We analyzed the existing simulation techniques and experimental studies regarding this problem. The main existing problems both in design simulation and the system of systematic requirements to the conditions of rating the loads on the skid landing gear are identified. Also proposed are the most optimal solutions to overcome the existing systematic contradictions and increase safety of helicopter piloting at autorotation landing.     

Determination of Spacecraft Landing Footprint for Safe Planetary Landing

A methodology is developed based on a ballistic analysis to estimate the landing footprint associated with the powered terminal descent phase of a spacecraft soft landing. The analysis is based on an idealized two-impulse thrust maneuver and leads to an analytical expression for the elliptical boundary of the landing footprint. The objective is to develop a computationally efficient method to estimate the landing footprint for use in an on-board fuzzy-logic based inference engine for real-time hazard avoidance. The inference engine combines an estimate of the landing footprint with information about the safeness of the landing terrain to construct an overall landing site quality index. The landing site quality index is a critical parameter that enables the spacecraft to make intelligent real-time decisions about landing safely on unknown and hazardous terrains. The footprint generated from the ballistic analysis is also compared with the footprint resulting from numerically integrating a representative guidance law.     

仿生四足六旋翼无人机自适应着陆性能分析

旋翼无人机在民用和军用领域被广泛应用,但传统撬式起落架在复杂地形下难以起降,为了扩大旋翼无人机的降落面积和应用范围,设计一种仿人腿式两级缓冲自适应起落架。通过对仿生腿的正逆运动学分析,提出一种自适应起落架姿态调整策略;建立仿生四足六旋翼无人机着陆动力学模型,基于多体动力学软件sim?center 3D 开展了着陆动力学仿真,并与传统撬式起落架进行着陆性能对比研究。结果表明：着陆腿式的两级缓冲自适应起落架及其姿态调整策略,能够使滚转角减小95.69%,过载系数降低34.06%,两级缓冲自适应起落架在面对复杂地形时具备主动调节姿态安全着陆的地形适应能力和极好的减震缓冲能力。     

Analysis of Local Slopes at the InSight Landing Site on Mars

To evaluate the topography of the surface within the InSight candidate landing ellipses, we generated Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) at lander scales and those appropriate for entry, descent, and landing simulations, along with orthoimages of both images in each stereopair, and adirectional slope images. These products were used to assess the distribution of slopes for each candidate ellipse and terrain type in the landing site region, paying particular attention to how these slopes impact InSight landing and engineering safety, and results are reported here. Overall, this region has extremely low slopes at 1-meter baseline scales and meets the safety constraints of the InSight lander. The majority of the landing ellipse has a mean slope at 1-meter baselines of 3.2°. In addition, a mosaic of HRSC, CTX, and HiRISE DTMs within the final landing ellipse (ellipse 9) was generated to support entry, descent, and landing simulations and evaluations. Several methods were tested to generate this mosaic and the NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline program dem_mosaic produced the best results. For the HRSC-CTX-HiRISE DTM mosaic, more than 99 % of the mosaic has slopes less than 15°, and the introduction of artificially high slopes along image seams was minimized.     

MLS: keeping pace with the future

It is argued that the instrument landing system (ILS) is now at its operational limit in terms of radio frequency availability, approach flexibility, and technology. The operational requirements for a microwave landing system (MLS), which will overcome key limitations of the ILS and provide growth to meet future requirements of precision landing systems, are discussed, John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport and LaGuardia Airport in New York City are discussed as examples to demonstrate the capabilities of MLS     

A method of determining the aircraft motion parameters at landing

The paper contains a method of determining the aircraft motion parameters at landing based on the application of the ground optoelectronic system. The method proposed provides the certification of present-day instrument landing systems.     

舰载机着舰指标体系构建

舰载机着舰的难度很大、要求很高,而着舰系统的复杂性又使得指标要求涉及很多方面。为了从整体上明确着舰的指标要求,从而有利于着舰理论和工程等研究,整理了公开文献中分散的指标要求,并梳理了指标间的逻辑关系,最终构建了着舰指标体系,将指标归纳到总体框架中。研究结果对着舰的控制与分析等具有一定的参考价值。     

关于飞机侧风着陆问题的分析

首先，介绍了修正侧风的三种基本方法和基本原理，指出了着陆下滑阶段修正侧风应注意的问题。其次，分析了侧风对着陆拉平和平瓢阶段以及对不同机种飞机着陆滑跑方向的影响及其修正方法。再次，介绍了侧风条件下不同机种飞机减速伞的使用特点。最后，重点分析了带偏侧角接地及滑跑的成因、危害、预防措施及处理方法等。侧重于实际操纵特点的介绍与分析，对侧风着陆安全具有一定的理论指导作用。