航空活塞发动机用自增压喷嘴喷雾特性试验

为了自增压喷嘴更好地在航空活塞发动机上应用,在定容弹内对自增压喷嘴喷雾特性进行了试验研究。采用可视化技术结合Matlab图像处理程序,研究了RP-3航空煤油在不同背压、燃油温度和环境温度下的喷雾特性。结果表明:背压为0.1 MPa时的喷雾有明显的表面波和油线结构。背压从0.1 MPa增大至0.8 MPa,典型的中空锥喷雾转变成有大尺度涡流的中空锥喷雾,喷雾贯穿距离和喷雾面积的最大值分别减小了45%和55.3%。燃油温度的升高促进了喷雾蒸发有助于冷起动,喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾面积和喷雾锥角均在燃油温度为50 ℃时最小。在背压为0.1 MPa时,喷雾贯穿距离和喷雾面积随着环境温度升高先增大后减小,在环境温度为60 ℃和50 ℃分别有最大值67.3 mm和915.5 mm2,而喷雾锥角则随着环境温度升高而减小,在环境温度为90 ℃时达到最小值9.2°。     

Onboard real time modeling of aircraft engines with Hammerstein-Wiener representation

An identification-based approach for aircraft engine modeling using the nonlinear HammersteinWiener representation was proposed.Hammerstein-Wiener modeling for both limited flight envelope and extended flight envelope was investigated.Simulation shows that the resulting model can be valid over 10%variation of rotational speed of the engine,compared with those linear models that are only valid over 3%—5%change of rotational speed.It is further demonstrated that the proposed method can be utilized over large envelope up to 20% variation of rotational speed of the engine.The fundamental idea is to use nonlinear models to extend the feasible/valid region rather than those linear models.This may consequently simplify the switching logic in the onboard digital control units.This is often overlooked in aircraft engine control community,but has been emphasized in the research.     

背压对液体离心喷嘴内液膜厚度的影响

从理论分析和数值计算两方面研究不同背压下的液体离心喷嘴内液膜厚度.在经典理论的基础上建立的包含气液界面摩擦作用的损失系数理论模型并不足以体现背压对液膜厚度的改变;通过使用旋转轴对称模型在自适应网格中求解耦合VOF(volume of fluid)方程的Navier-Stokes方程组的数值模拟表明,随气体密度增加而减小的气液界面附近过渡区域中的平均速度分布是导致液膜厚度增加的原因.      

液体火箭发动机系统瞬变过程模块化建模与仿真

为对发动机研制过程中多种试验方案进行仿真预示和对发动机进行结构优化，研究了液体火箭发动机系统瞬变过程模块化建模与仿真方法。提出了流体管道系统的管道一体积模块化分解方法，将组成发动机系统的典型元部件划分为21个模块，并建立了仿真数学模型。提出了一种描述模块元件及其连接关系的系统组态矩阵，以及模块的组合连接方法和组合系统的仿真计算方法。在此基础上，研制了分级燃烧循环液氧／液氢发动机系统瞬变过程的模块化建模与仿真软件(LRETMMSS)，建立了某型号液氧／液氢补燃发动机的半系统试验的仿真计算模型，进行了仿真计算，计算结果与实验数据吻合。     

某型飞机/发动机一体化性能计算

研究了飞机/发动机一体化性能计算模型,并开发了一套相应的可视化计算软件.计算模型包括发动机非安装性能计算模型,进气道、尾喷管/后体特性转换模型,安装性能计算模型以及飞机性能计算模型.根据进气道、尾喷管安装特性法(INSTAL),利用进气道、尾喷管/后体特性转换程序求出实际的进气道、尾喷管安装特性,结合非安装性能计算程序,计算了发动机安装性能,并在此基础上计算了飞机性能.该软件已用于某型飞机的一体化性能计算,使用结果表明:①与经验公式法相比,采用INSTAL所得发动机安装性能估算结果与资料值接近程度普遍提高,最高可提高13%;②该软件计算结果合理,计算所需时间短,计算精度较高.      

Robust decentralized control design for aircraft engines: A fractional type

A new decentralized control for aircraft engines is proposed. In the proposed control approach, aircraft engines are considered as uncertain large-scale systems composed of interconnected uncertain subsystems. For each subsystem, the time-varying uncertainty, including parameter disturbances and interconnections in/between subsystems, is depicted by a class of general nonlinear functions. A fractional robust decentralized control with two parts, the nominal one and the fractional one, is presented. The nominal control guarantees the asymptotical stability of the engine system without uncertainty. The fractional part aims at overcoming the influences of uncertainty. Compared to the previous studies, the presented control provides not only an extra flexibility for the system performance tuning by the fraction-type gain but also a facility for the control input calculation. The proposed control approach is applied to a turbofan engine with two subsystems. The computer simulation shows that, in the flight envelope, the fractional control not only guarantees the closed-loop system uniform boundedness and ultimate uniform boundedness but also shows good economy.     

厚液膜敞口型离心喷嘴动力学特性试验

为了解补燃循环液氧煤油发动机预燃室煤油离心喷嘴的动力学特性,开展了厚液膜敞口型离心喷嘴动力学响应特性试验研究。使用水为工作介质,通过改变喷嘴切向孔直径实现了旋流腔液膜厚度改变,通过脉动发生装置在喷嘴上游的供应管路上产生流量和压力振荡。使用脉动压力传感器记录了喷前压力的振荡特性,使用高速相机记录了旋流腔内流过程和喷注雾化的响应特性。研究发现：当扰动波较长时,旋流腔内液膜的厚度和喷嘴的喷雾角均周期性变化,厚液膜和薄液膜喷嘴内流过程对扰动波的动力学响应特性差别不大;随着扰动波长缩短,旋流腔内液膜局部"缩口","缩口"向下游传播并使喷雾过程出现Klystron效应;当扰动波较短时,相较于薄液膜喷嘴,厚液膜喷嘴旋流腔内流动过程对扰动波的耗散作用较弱,但厚液膜喷嘴的雾化过程对外加扰动始终不敏感。     

A technique for calculating nonstationary processes in airbreathing pulse engines

A technique for calculating the performance of airbreathing pulse engines with the result accuracy about 20% has been developed. The results of comparison with other similar techniques are correlated with experimental data.     

Computer-aided tests in the quality control system of aircraft engines

The quality control system for an aircraft engine that is continuously developed in the life cycle stages is considered. Main quality indicators and their control methodology are analyzed. The computer-aided tests are substantiated as part of the quality control system and their generalized technological process structure and its construction methodology are proposed.     

Adaptive sliding mode control for limit protection of aircraft engines

In practice, some sensors of aircraft engines naturally fail to obtain an acceptable measurement for control propose, which will severely degrade the system performance and even deactivate the limit protection function. This paper proposes an adaptive strategy for the limit protection task under unreliable measurement. With the help of a nominal system, an online estimator with gradient adaption law and low-pass filter is devised to evaluate output uncertainty. Based on the estimation result, a sliding mode controller is designed by defining a sliding surface and deriving a control law. Using Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the online estimator and the closed-loop system is detailedly proven. Simulations based on a reliable turbofan model are presented, which verify the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the online estimator can operate against the measurement noise, and the sliding controller can keep relevant outputs within their limits despite slow-response sensors.     

厚液膜敞口型离心喷嘴自激振荡特性试验

为了解补燃循环液氧煤油发动机预燃室煤油离心喷嘴的自激振荡特性,在大气环境下开展了厚液膜敞口型离心喷嘴自激振荡特性试验研究。无外加激励条件下,使用水作为工作介质,通过增加喷嘴长度的方法实现了敞口型离心喷嘴旋流腔液膜增厚和内流过程持续自激振荡。采用脉动压力传感器和高速相机记录了喷前压力、旋流腔气涡和喷注雾化的振荡特性。研究发现：喷嘴自激振荡过程中,旋流腔气涡周期性地"间断"和"贯通",气涡"间断"时喷注过程具有显著的Klystron效应;喷前压力、旋流腔气涡和喷注雾化过程的振荡频率接近且不同喷注压降条件下振荡频率基本保持在10~45 Hz之间,喷注压降对振荡过程的影响较小,喷前压力相对振荡峰值与其振荡频率显著相关;喷嘴的自激振荡过程可能由旋流腔内的液膜流动过程和气涡流动过程的耦合作用主导。     

航空发动机技术进步与投资强度的定量关系

对航空发动机技术水平提高速度与投资强度这两个概念做了界定.利用有关数据,针对航空涡轮发动机的技术水平提高速度、最大推力、类型(涡喷或涡扇)与投资强度的定量关系建立了的一个数学模型,并对模型的应用进行了探讨.     

Problems of application of face gasodynamic seals in aircraft engines

Problems arising in introduction of gasodynamic seals in aircraft engines are considered. The operation of a face gasodynamic seal as part of a natural gas pump is analyzed and its efficiency in the presence of oil is shown.     

航空发动机技术状态标识建立的方法研究

为加强航空发动机的技术状态管理,对发动机技术状态标识的建立进行了具体的研究.依据发动机工作分解结构,对技术状态项的确定、选取原则、在系统中的建立以及实现更改控制给出了指导性思路,该方法已在航空发动机研制过程中进行了实践应用,可以满足技术状态管理中对基线的控制要求,同时也为其他复杂工程系统研发过程中开展技术状态标识工作提供参考.     

A technique for predicting strength properties of an aircraft wing

A technique for evaluating and predicting flexural stiffness of an aircraft wing in the process of operation based on measuring the first tone of flexural wing vibrations in flight is proposed.     

Information technology for adjustment of dynamic processes in aircraft gas turbine engines during the acceptance tests

The aids of simulation that are used to automate the adjustment of aircraft GTE control systems are described. A technique of the information technology for adjustment of a control system by turning on the afterburner and results of its practical application during the acceptance tests in series production are presented. Also given is a model for the process of afterburner ignition and reaching the power augmented conditions of the engine.     

大型飞机辅助动力装置与微型涡轮发动机技术特点对比

对比分析了这两类动力系统的总体设计和部件技术特点,总结了两者的相似性和不同.分析结果显示:用于150～200座大型飞机的辅助动力装置与推力400 N左右的微型涡轮发动机具有相当的功率;两类动力系统主要部件的设计和制造都具有相似性,微型涡轮发动机的部件性能指标更高,而辅助动力装置通过略保守的设计来获得高可靠性、经济性和长寿命.最后,提出了在已有MTE技术基础上开展APU研制的技术路线.      

A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic(SPH) and finite element(FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH–FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH–FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.