考虑地球扁率修正的基于日地月方位信息的地球卫星自主导航

给出了基于地球球形假设的双圆锥地心方位确定算法,研究了考虑地球扁率的地心方位精确确定算法,给出了基于扁率修正的日地月自主导航算法。蒙特卡洛仿真表明,对于500km高度,对地定向三轴稳定的姿态运行模式的卫星,在地球敏感器噪声为0.1°(3σ),日、月敏感器噪声为0.05°(3σ)的情况下,导航位置精度能达到800m(3σ),速度精度能达到2.4m/s(3σ)。     

考虑月球扁率修正的月球卫星自主导航

针对月球扁率对月球紫外敏感器的月心方向矢量确定的不利影响,研究了月球紫外敏感器的测量原理和敏感到月平边缘时满足的几何约束,提出了一种考虑月球扁率的月心矢量确定方法。并进一步的结合地球敏感器和太阳敏感器的测量信息,研究了基于日地月方位信息的月球卫星自主轨道算法,并评估了月球方位确定算法对导航精度的影响。仿真结果表明,在太阳敏感器、地球敏感器和月球敏感器的精度分别为0.02°(3σ)、 0.05°(3σ) 和0.1°(3σ)的假设下,考虑月球扁率修正的月球卫星的自主导航位置精度能达到300m(3σ),导航速度误差能达到0.6m/s(3σ), 从而保证了环月卫星的导航精度。     

基于日地月方位信息的近地轨道卫星自主导航

研究了用日地月方位信息进行卫星自主导航的方法。给出一种最小二乘导航算法。用 Gorddard空间飞行中心发布的我国实践 5号卫星的轨道数据 ,在对地定向三轴稳定的姿态运行模式下 ,模拟出了日、地、月在卫星本体坐标系中的方位测量数据。数字仿真实验结果表明 ,在地球敏感器噪声 0 .10°( 3σ) ,日、月敏感器噪声 0 .0 3°( 3σ)情况下 ,一天之内的导航径向误差在 - 30 0 m～ 2 0 0 m波动 ,相对地心的方位误差不超过 0 .0 4 1°     

深空自主导航系统的可观性分析

研究了深空自主导航系统的可观性分析。建立了自主导航系统的观测模型，并提出了一种基于位置确定分析和可观性秩条件的导航系统可观性分析方法；该方法克服了直接利用多个导航目标的视线方向、视线角、夹角和图像信息等非线性观测量进行导航系统可观性分析的困难。针对观测矩阵的秩无法通过表达式直接确定的问题。给出了基于观测矩阵奇异值分解的导航系统可观性分析方法，并用来分析了几种观测模式对应的导航系统的可观性和轨道参数可观度。可以为在不同轨道段组合不同的敏感器提高轨道的估计精度提供参考。     

基于紫外敏感器的地月转移轨道慢旋探测器自主导航算法

针对地月转移轨道的慢旋探测器.提出一种基于紫外敏感器的自主导航算法.探测器对日定向,生成初始姿态.紫外敏感器具有大视场特性,绕横轴旋转一周可以实现对全天球70%左右空间的覆盖,因此有很大的机会在地月转移轨道实现对地球和月球的观测并获得地心方向和月心方向的测量值.本文首先对紫外敏感器的环形视场进行分析,利用解析方法推导出敏感器对月/地可见条件.其次研究由地心方向和月心方向单次测量来确定轨道参数的初始估值.最后研究如何利用每个自旋周期分别对地心方向和月心方向最多各一次的测量数据,估计探测器轨道参数的方法,并给出数学仿真结果.     

基于奇异值分解的航天器自主导航系统能观度分析

目前基于系统能观度的分析方法均存在一定的不足,为了克服这些问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)的系统能观度分析新方法,该方法能同时对系统状态整体和各个状态分量进行能观性和能观度分析,且应用较为方便.同时,利用该方法对基于星敏感器和地球敏感器的航天器自主导航系统进行能观度分析,通过仿真计算分析给出影响该系统能观度的主要因素,所得结论可以对航天器实际工程中自主导航系统的敏感器配置及导航滤波器设计提供参考.     

地月转移轨道自主导航算法研究

本文给出一种地月转移段的自主导航算法。以紫外敏感器输出的月心像素和月心距等信息为观测量,利用基于UD分解的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法确定探测器的轨道。仿真结果表明,基于紫外敏感器的地月转移段自主导航是可行的,引入单程多普勒测速的组合导航算法可以有效地提高导航精度与收敛速度。     

基于地月信息的奔月探测器自主光学导航

基于地月信息提出了一种奔月转移轨道的自主光学导航算法。该算法首先利用导航相机得到的地球和月球边缘图像与地、月几何形状模型，运用扩展源的空间获取算法导出地心和月心对应的像素，然后利用地心和月心像素、探测器的惯性姿态和该观测历元的地、月星历信息，通过基于UD分解的递推加权最小二乘算法确定了探测器轨道。还引入导航系统的可观度定义来分析了导航系统的可观性，数学仿真结果表明导航的位置误差小于30km，速度误差小于0．3m／s，证明该自主光学导航算法是有效的。     

朔月期间基于SEMOI的卫星自主导航方法研究

为解决朔月期的卫星自主导航,提出了一种利用日地月光学信息(SEMOI)的实现方法。利用朔月期卫星-太阳方向矢量与卫星-地球方向矢量间夹角,由迭代最小二乘法估计历元时刻的卫星定位数据,并以轨道预报方式实现卫星自主导航。给出了计算流程。仿真结果表明,该法的定位精度可满足民用卫星的导航要求。最后讨论了采样周期和敏感器精度等因素对定位精度的影响。     

基于日地月方位信息的月球卫星自主导航

采用自主导航技术，可以降低月球卫星的任务成本，提高其生存能力。现研究了利用太阳敏感器、地球敏感器和月球敏感器测量出的卫星-太阳、卫星-地球和卫星-月球方向矢量作为观测量，采用迭代最小二乘方法、定历元时刻的卫星状态，并以轨道预报的方式实现月球卫星的自主导航。对该自主导航算法进行了数学仿真，分析比较了敏感器精度、部分轨道参数等因素对定位精度的影响，总结了其变化规律。最后对比了迭代最小二乘方法与扩展卡尔曼滤波的导航仿真结果，结果表明前者具有更高的精度。     

Wayfinding Through Orientation

Dominant approaches in computer-assisted wayfinding support adhere to the deeply problematic principles of turn-by-turn navigation. In this article, we suggest a new approach called “Wayfinding Through Orientation,” which supports the acquisition of spatial knowledge and cognitive mapping for advancing the user’s spatial orientation. Being oriented on one’s way is a prerequisite to enabling people to verify instructions and to incorporate new spatial information into their existing knowledge structure. In three studies described in this article we first present empirical evidence that people can be supported in survey knowledge acquisition through suitable wayfinding instructions. Consequently, we explore orientation information in human wayfinding instructions. Finally, we outline how orientation information can be communicated within a prototypically implemented navigation assistance system.     

找准定位 大有作为——写在我院成立宿舍区学生工作办公室之后

大学生公寓是我国高校教育管理的一个重要组成部分，这是现阶段任何高校都回避不了的现实问题。这个问题解决好了，将对学校育人起到积极的促进作用。目前，我校后勤改革后，公寓成立了宿舍区学生工作办公室。本文就该办公室的运作特点、工作职责及工作方法谈一谈个人认识。     

找准定位大有作为--写在我院成立宿舍区学生工作办公室之后

大学生公寓是我国高校教育管理的一个重要组成部分,这是现阶段任何高校都回避不了的现实问题.这个问题解决好了,将对学校育人起到积极的促进作用.目前,我校后勤改革后,公寓成立了宿舍区学生工作办公室.本文就该办公室的运作特点、工作职责及工作方法谈一谈个人认识.     

论高等学校办学的市场化取向

文章从五个方面进行论述，说明我国高等学校按照市场化取向办学已成为必然趋势，然后分析了办学市场化对高等教育和高等学校带来的主要影响，最后提出了高等学校如何应对的三点建议。     

Orientation of Middle-Scale Structures in the Solar Wind Plasma

An estimation of the value and orientation of the inclination of middle-scale structures in the solar wind plasma is obtained on the basis of time lags of simultaneous correlated measurements on three spacecraft: INTERBALL-1, IMP-8, and WIND. It is shown that middle-scale plasma structures, in the majority of cases, are not perpendicular to the Sun–Earth line, but inclined to it (presumably, in the ecliptic plane), on average, at an angle of approximately 63° (or 27° to the Y _SE axis). However, this inclination is significantly less than the inclination of the Parker spiral for the interplanetary magnetic field (45° at the Earth's orbit).     

情商教育与大学新生入学教育

新生入学教育已成为新生进校后常规化的工作,文章主要从情商教育的涵义和内容入手,分析了在入学教育中开展情商教育的意义,并提出通过引导新生参加心理测评、注重寝室文化建设、开展社团活动、构建全方位的情商评价方法等途径开展情商教育工作。     

Orientation of Sharp Fronts of the Solar Wind Plasma

Based on simultaneous observations performed by several spacecraft, we evaluate the orientation of sharp (with a duration of a few minutes) and large (tens and hundreds percent of the mean value) fronts of the solar wind plasma (changes in the ion flux and ram pressure). The orientation of the fronts is determined with respect to the Sun–Earth line and to two planes in space for several tens of the largest (in amplitude) changes of the ion flux. A considerable fraction of these fronts (about 50%) has an inclination to the plane perpendicular to the Sun–Earth line that exceeds 30°.     

Single-Axis Solar Orientation of a Satellite of the Earth

The possibility of using the mode of single-axis solar orientation is considered for a satellite placed into a nearly circular orbit with an altitude of 900 km and bearing a solar sail. The satellite (together with the sail) has an axisymmetric structure, its symmetry axis being the principal central axis of the maximum moment of inertia. The center of the sail pressure lies on this axis and is displaced with respect to the satellite's center of mass. The symmetry axis of the satellite is set to the Sun so that its center of mass would be located between the Sun and the pressure center and would rotate around this axis with an angular velocity of a few degrees per second. The satellite's axis of symmetry makes a slow precession under the action of the gravitational moment and the moment of light pressure forces. Though the maximum magnitudes of these moments are comparable, the moment of the light pressure forces dominates and controls the precession in such a way that the symmetry axis orientation to the Sun remains unchanged.     

The Mode of Gravitational Orientation for the International Space Station

The results of the determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the International Space Station during its unmanned flight in 1999 are presented. The data of onboard measurements of three components of the angular velocity are used for this determination. These data covering an interval of slightly less than one orbit were jointly processed by the least squares method, by integrating the equations of motion of the station relative to its center of mass. As a result of this processing, the initial conditions of the motion and the parameters of the mathematical model used were estimated. The actual motion of the station has been determined for 20 such intervals during April–November. Throughout these intervals, the station rotated about the axis of the minimum moment of inertia, the latter executing small oscillations relative to the local vertical. Such a mode, known as the mode of gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite or the mode of generalized gravitational orientation, was planned before the flight. The measurements were made to verify it. The quasistatic component of the microaccelerations aboard the station is estimated for this mode.     

太阳同步轨道电子探测器的多方向设计研究

为实现观测电子投掷角分布的目标,本文讨论了太阳同步轨道三轴稳定卫星电子观测的多方向设计。分析了磁层电子投掷角分布特征,并根据太阳同步轨道卫星的轨道参数,计算得到卫星运行轨迹上,三个探测器常用安装面正入射粒子的投掷角。在此基础上,进行电子探测器的探测方向设计,结果表明探测器要在任何安装面都满足投掷角观测要求,至少需要在0°、10°、20°、25°、35°、45°、70°、80°和90°共9个方向上设计探测窗口。