Properties of Near-Earth Magnetic Reconnection from In-Situ Observations

Many properties of magnetic reconnection have been determined from in-situ spacecraft observations in the Earth??s magnetosphere. Recent studies have focused on ion scale lengths and have largely confirmed theoretical predictions. In addition, some interesting features of reconnection regions on electron scale lengths have been identified. These recent studies have demonstrated the need for combined plasma and field measurements on electron scale lengths in the reconnection diffusion regions at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. They have also indicated that measurements, such as those that will be made by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the near future, will have a significant impact on understanding magnetic reconnection as a fundamental plasma process.     

浅析ISO9000：2000族标准

简要介绍了ISO9000：3000簇质量管理体系标准修订的基本情况，分析了修订的基本原则，阐述了与1994版比较的主要特征和内容变化。     

某发动机涡轮故障叶片共振相干分析与可靠性评估

分析了某发动机二级涡轮叶片的振动特性、振型应力,共振特性;并结合内外场大量的频率统计数据进行了共振相干分析,分析了叶片故障原因,并提出采用限频、调频等排故措施。      

蜂窝夹芯结构面内等效弹性参数的分析研究

针对Bernoulli Euler梁法计算蜂窝夹芯等效弹性参数的不足,利用3D有限元数值模拟技术,通过对不同材料、不同尺寸的正六边形蜂窝夹芯弹性参数进行数值模拟,给出了芳纶纸面内等效刚度和Poisson比随蜂窝夹芯几何参数变化关系,提出了等效弹性参数的计算公式和一种循环优化设计蜂窝夹芯板厚度的新思想,得到了一些Bernoulli Euler梁法无法得到的重要结论:正六边形蜂窝夹芯结构y方向的弹性模量大于x方向的1.5倍;等效Poisson比仅与蜂窝夹芯几何参数有关,而与材料常数无关等。最后通过与文献[11]铝质蜂窝夹芯的压缩实验结果比较,证实了本文所使用方法的有效性和部分公式的正确性。     

失速／尾旋模型自由飞试验的空间设计问题

本文论述了在制定飞机的失速/尾旋模型自由飞试验总体方案时必须充分考虑的空间利用问题之重要性;分析了制约试验空间的诸因素;提出了设计飞行剖面的工程估算方法——其中一些半经验方法之使用效果已为我们的自由飞试验所证实;以我们已成功地进行过的带动力遥控试验机、摇控热气飞艇带飞/投放、飞机带飞/投放的失速/尾旋模型自由飞试验为例,剖析了组成整个飞行剖面的各个飞行阶段之特点和影响因素,并以此为据提出了充分利用自由飞试验空间的一些见解。     

面向应用的嵌入式操作系统

讨论了经典的实时操作系统RTOS在嵌入式DSP和嵌入式Internet应用中的不适应性 ,提出了具有可伸缩性、可剪载性、具有强大主机开发支持能力以及面向应用特点的嵌入式实时操作系统的思想 ,并介绍了两种实际产品的特点和使用情况。     

单晶涡轮叶片材料本构模型及应用研究

综述了各向异性单晶叶片强度分析和寿命预测方面的一些研究工作。这些工作包括:建立并验证了弹塑性、蠕变滑移本构模型及蠕变持久寿命预测方法;进行了不同晶体取向DD3单晶在不同温度、不同速率或不同温度、不同应力水平下的拉伸试验、蠕变、疲劳及热疲劳试验;开发了大型单晶结构有限元分析软件SLAPSC和ABAQUS的umat;用双剪切试样和模拟叶片等系列试验对模型和有限元进行考核。作为应用研究,对某发动机单晶涡轮叶片进行了强度分析和寿命预测。      

新一代战斗机全机地面强度试验技术

介绍了全机地面强度试验及验证要求，分析了试验的新问题和新挑战。通过试验顶层规划，采用全新设计模式、先进的加载技术，从试验的边界条件、综合平台、动力系统、测量与控制、损伤检测与监测等方面制定了总体技术方案。研究并应用了全硬式单侧双向加载技术、试验综合平台设计技术、试验边界条件模拟技术、动力系统设计技术等多项新技术，提高了设计效率、加快了试验实施速度、提升了试验安全性和可靠性。这些新技术在新一代战斗机多架次全机静力/疲劳试验中成功应用，结果表明各试验系统安全、可靠，达到了试验要求和预期试验目标，实现了全机地面强度试验技术的跨越式进步，技术成果为后续型号试验提供了较高参考价值。     

The role of antiprotons in cosmic-ray physics

Though success eluded experimentalists from detecting cosmic-ray antiprotons over a long period of time, the study of cosmic-ray antiprotons has now become a fascinating field of research. In this review, we have attempted to elucidate the excitement in this area of research since the discovery of antiprotons in the laboratory. We have described the experiments carried out so far to measure the energy spectrum of antiprotons, from about 200 MeV to about 15 GeV, and summarised the results. The observed spectrum, with the limited data, appears to be very hard and is different from other components of cosmic radiation. Upper limits to the fraction of antiprotons in cosmic-rays have also been derived at higher energies, using the observed spectra of cosmic-ray primary and secondary particles at different depths in the atmosphere. We have described various physical processes by which antiprotons could be produced, such as high-energy interactions, neutron oscillations, evaporation of Mini Black Holes, decay of super symmetric particles, etc. The energy spectrum of antiprotons, which are produced through the above processes, undergoes modifications during propagation in the Galaxy. We have examined in detail the propagation models which have been employed to explain the observed data. It is shown that no single model could predict correctly the observed energy spectrum of antiprotons over the entire energy region. However, many models are able to explain the data at relativistic energies. It is difficult at this stage to make a choice among these models. The implications of these models for other components of cosmic-rays, such as positrons, deuterium, and He, have been discussed. We have examined the production of gamma rays in the Galaxy from sources, which produce the observed antiprotons through high-energy interactions. We have also briefly indicated the effect of possible re-acceleration during their confinement in the Galaxy. We finally emphasized the need for more detailed measurements of the spectral shape of cosmic-ray antiprotons to further refine speculations of their origin. Similarly, we have shown that detailed observation of the energy spectra of positrons, deuterium, and He at relativistic energies are crucial to test various propagation models.     

风洞实验中机翼振动对气动特性影响的计算分析

通过求解非定常N-S方程研究了弹性机翼在低速气流中振动时的气动特性,并与刚性机翼气动特性做了比较。通过结构有限元方法计算出模型机翼的结构模态和相应振动频率,假设机翼以最小刚度的弯曲模态振动,计算了不同振幅下不同迎角、尤其是失速迎角附近的升力特性。计算结果表明,在小振幅下机翼的平均升力特性和刚性机翼相差很小,但当振幅达到一定幅度后,振动机翼下平均升力特性与刚性机翼的结果有较明显的差别,主要表现在最大升力系数的降低和失速迎角的减小。此结果可以解释实际风洞实验中最大升力系数往往小于CFD结果、实验中最大升力系数对应的迎角也比CFD结果小的现象。     

第四代战斗机的动力装置

本介绍了国外第四代战斗机对动力装置的要求,归纳了第四代战斗机发动机的主要新技术,分析了第四代战斗机发动机在超声速巡航、可探测性、全寿命费用和发展潜力等方面所具有的优势,最后总结了第四代战斗机发动机发展过程中的几个重要特点,并对发动机技术发展进行了展望。     

The Orbital Forcing of Climate Changes on Mars

Solar variability influences the climate of a planet by radiatively forcing changes over a certain timescale; orbital variations of a planet, which yield similar solar forcing modulations, can be studied within the same scientific context. It is known for Earth that obliquity changes have played a critical role in pacing glacial and interglacial eras. For Mars, such orbital changes have been far greater and have generated extreme variations in insolation. Signatures associated with the presence of water ice reservoirs at various positions across the surface of Mars during periods of different orbital configurations have been identified. For this reason, it has been proposed that Mars is currently evolving between ice ages. The advent of climate tools has given a theoretical frame to the study of orbitally-induced climate changes on Mars. These models have provided an explanation to many puzzling observations, which when put together have permitted reconstruction of almost the entire history of Mars in the last 10 million years. This paper proposes to give an overview of the scientific work dedicated to this topic.     

发挥大学语文在理工科院校人文素质教育中的作用

关于＂大学语文＂课程的讨论,近年来一直是教育界甚至文化界关注的热点。目前国际上许多国家都出现了＂汉语热＂,而在国内大学语文教学却面临着边缘化倾向,主要原因是不能正确认识大学语文课的作用。事实上,大学语文课在改善理工科学生的思维方式、培养学生的爱国主义情操和塑造崇高的民族精神及增强学生非智力因素等方面都具有重要作用。     

Observations of interplanetary shocks: Recent progress

Interplanetary shock observations since the prior Solar Terrestrial Physics Symposium in 1978 are reviewed. Since the interval coincides with the recent solar maximum, emphasis is placed on shocks associated with transient solar phenomena, including coronal transients and eruptive prominences as well as flares. A good correlation between shocks and Storm Sudden Commencements has persisted into the recent maximum. Shocks have been identified that are associated with disappearing filaments and coronal transients rather than with flares. Significant progress has been made in the indirect observation of shocks near the Sun as a result of radio wave measurements in interplanetary space and measurement of the scintillation and spectral broadening of spacecraft radio transmissions. Preliminary results regarding the thickness of interplanetary shocks have appeared. Several quasi-parallel shocks propagating more nearly along, rather than across, the magnetic field have been identified. The plasma drivers accompanying interplanetary shocks have received increased attention and distinctive features have been found in electron, ion and magnetic field data.     

微型化半球陀螺制备工艺发展现状及趋势分析

因低噪声、高性能、无磨损的优势,半球陀螺已成为航空、航天领域内的最佳导航陀螺。半球陀螺的微型化是微机电陀螺领域的研究热点,全球各研究单位设计了多种形态的谐振器结构,开发了各具特色的加工工艺,其选用的材质也各不相同,并研制出了形态各异的微半球陀螺结构。对半球陀螺微型化的历程和方式进行了综述,着重对微型化半球陀螺壳体谐振器的结构形态、工艺制备方法和选材进行了对比和分析,并对各微型化途径的特点进行了讨论和展望。     

航空公司风险管理分析

从航空公司风险管理的现状出发,阐述了风险管理对航空公司经营管理的重要意义,分析了航空公司经营中面临的意外事件风险、战略风险、财务风险、运营风险,提出了降低各种风险的措施,并就中国航空公司如何加强风险管理提出了相关建议。     

微带电路和天线的时域仿真

介绍了运用FDTD设计和分析微带电路和天线的基础理论,分析了误差产生的原因。利用FDTD法分别对微带传输线、矩形微带贴片天线和微带分支耦合器进行了仿真和特性分析。     

往复轴磁性液体密封耐压能力及密封间隙内磁性液体运动状态的分析与研究.

研究了往复轴磁性液体密封间隙内磁性液体的运动机理，在此基础上从纳韦-斯托克斯方程出发得出了往复轴磁性液体密封的耐压公式。为了验证该公式的正确性，对密封结构的磁场分布进行了有限元计算，得出了密封结构的最大静止耐压能力，并且在实验台上验证了速度和行程夺密封耐压能力的影响。     

旋流燃烧效率的试验研究

一、设备及试件 本文采用两种不同结构的旋流加力室模型,其燃烧机理不同。模型Ⅰ(图1a)利用强旋流产生中心回流区来稳定火焰,组织燃烧;模型Ⅱ(图1b)根据离心力效应组织燃烧,值班稳定器产生稳定的外环火焰,热气流与中心旋转气流之间存在密度差,在离心力作用下火焰向中心传播,旋转的混气由中心向外运动,两者在相对运动中点燃新鲜混气。这种由相对运动产生的火焰传播速度是常规紊流火焰速度的4～5倍。试验在常     

高温TiAl合金热成形技术研究进展

γ-TiAl合金具有优异的高温性能,是航空发动机650~900℃服役温度区间的重要候选材料。在回顾TiAl合金发展过程与应用现状的基础上,主要介绍了TiAl合金铸锭熔炼、铸造、包套等温锻造、包套热挤压等热加工技术的研究进展,提出了TiAl合金低成本近净成形技术面临的机遇和挑战。