轴对称超音速进气道喘振及其控制

本文介绍了双锥轴对称超音速进气道在来流M_∞=1.97、0°攻角下,几何喉道、中心锥体表面上静压脉动时间历程随流量系数的变化特征。在稳定的超临界和亚临界下,静压时间历程平稳;喘振时,静压脉动值很高,其ΔPr.m.s约为稳定的超临界下的几倍,压力脉动的主特征频率为43.75Hz。 本文的重点是研究轴对称超音速进气道在较大攻角下的喘振特征及其控制效果。进气道喘振时,中心锥背风侧的头波首先产生大振幅的激烈振荡,其压力脉动的主特征频率为18.75Hz,静压脉动的ΔPr.m.s约为迎风侧的二倍;而迎风侧的头波仅作较小振幅的振荡,静压脉动的主特征频率为20Hz,同背风侧的很接近。文中对比了喘振和由于吸除附面层消喘后的头波特征、中心锥体背风侧和迎风侧各自的静压脉动时间历程、静压脉动主特征频率的变化。指出消喘后的背风侧锥面静压ΔPr.m.s仅为喘振时的1/3;迎风侧的静压ΔPr.m.s仅为喘振时的1/2;文中最后对轴对称进气道在较大攻角下的喘振特征作了分析。     

Ambiguity function of quadriphase coded radar pulse

Taylor's quadriphase coding (J.W. Taylor, Jr. and H.J. Blinchikoff, ibid., vol.23, no.2, p.156-70, Mar. 1988) is investigated for nonzero Doppler shifts. While the zero-Doppler cut of the ambiguity function (i.e. the autocorrelation) strongly resembles that of the corresponding biphase code, the remaining ambiguity function differs considerably. The ambiguity function of quadriphase code 13 is typified by a diagonal ridge as found in linear FM signals. The ambiguity function of quadriphase code 28A resembles the three parallel ridges of Frank code 16     

Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer experiment on Galileo

The Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) is a combination of imaging and spectroscopic methods. Simultaneous use of these two methods yields a powerful combination, far greater than when used individually. For geological studies of surfaces, it can be used to map morphological features, while simultaneously determining their composition and mineralogy, providing data to investigate the evolution of surface geology. For atmospheres, many of the most interesting phenomena are transitory, with unpredictable locations. With concurrent mapping and spectroscopy, such features can be found and spectroscopically analyzed. In addition, the spatial/compositional aspects of known features can be fully investigated. The NIMS experiment will investigate Jupiter and the Galilean satellites during the two year orbital operation period, commencing December 1995. Prior to that, Galileo will have flown past Venus, the Earth/Moon system (twice), and two asteroids; obtaining scientific measurements for all of these objects.The NIMS instrument covers the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 , which includes the reflected-sunlight and thermal-radiation regimes for many solar system objects. This spectral region contains diagnostic spectral signatures, arising from molecular vibrational transitions (and some electronic transitions) of both solid and gaseous species. Imaging is performed by a combination of one-dimensional instrument spatial scanning, coupled with orthogonal spacecraft scan-platform motion, yielding two-dimensional images for each of the NIMS wavelengths.The instrument consists of a telescope, with one dimension of spatial scanning, and a diffraction grating spectrometer. Both are passively cooled to low temperatures in order to reduce background photon shot noise. The detectors consist of an array of indium antimonide and silicon photovoltaic diodes, contained within a focal-plane-assembly, and cooled to cryogenic temperatures using a radiative cooler. Spectral and spatial scanning is accomplished by electro-mechanical devices, with motions executed using commandable instrument modes.Particular attention was given to the thermal and contamination aspects of the Galileo spacecraft, both of which could profoundly affect NIMS performance. Various protective measures have been implemented, including shades to protect against thruster firings as well as thermal radiation from the spacecraft.The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Engineering and Science Teams consist of I. Aptaker (Instrument Manager), G. Bailey (Detectors), K. Baines (Science Coordinator), R. Burns (Digital Electronics), R. Carlson (Principal Investigator), E. Carpenter (Structures), K. Curry (Radiative Cooler), G. Danielson (Co-Investigator), T. Encrenaz (Co-Investigator), H. Enmark (Instrument Engineer), F. Fanale (Co-Investigator), M. Gram (Mechanisms), M. Hernandez (NIMS Orbiter Engineering Team), R. Hickok (Support Equipment Software), G. Jenkins (Support Equipment), T. Johnson (Co-Investigator), S. Jones (Optical-Mechanical Assembly), H. Kieffer (Co-Investigator), C. LaBaw (Spacecraft Calibration Targets), R. Lockhart (Instrument Manager), S. Macenka (Optics), J. Mahoney (Instrument Engineer), J. Marino (Instrument Engineer), H. Masursky (Co-Investigator), D. Matson (Co-Investigator), T. McCord (Co-Investigator), K. Mehaffey (Analog Electronics), A. Ocampo (Science Coordinator), G. Root (Instrument System Analysis), R. Salazar (Radiative Cooler and Thermal Design), D. Sevilla (Cover Mechanisms), W. Sleigh (Instrument Engineer), W. Smythe (Co-Investigator and Science Coordinator), L. Soderblom (Co-Investigator), L. Steimle (Optics), R. Steinkraus (Digital Electronics), F. Taylor (Co-Investigator), P. Weissman (Co-Investigator and Science Coordinator), and D. Wilson (Manufacturing Engineer).     

递阶自校正飞行控制

一、引言 飞行器控制最初只作了三个单独回路独立控制,随着飞行事业的发展,又考虑三个独立的自适应回路以适应飞行环境的变化。但飞行器三个通道六个自由度之间是互相耦合的,考虑变量之间耦合集中控制,系统过于复杂难以实时控制。     

Comments on `Existence and uniqueness of GPS solutions' by J.S.Abel and J.W. Chaffee

The commenter points out that a direct Global Positioning System (GPS) algorithm together with discussions on the existence and uniqueness of the solution appeared in his paper (J. Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol.9, p.715-17, Nov./Dec. 1986). Since the GPS solution is reduced to solving a quadratic equation, the existence and uniqueness can be easily tested. J.S. Abel and J.W. Chaffee, in the above-titled paper (ibid., vol.26, no.6, p.748-53, Sept. 1990), show that the GPS solution problem is similar to the hyperbolic-fix problem. The commenter notes that it can be inferred from his later work (ibid., vol.26. no.5, p.748-53, Sept. 1990) that the two solutions exist if and only if the four GPS satellites are coplanar, in which case the two solutions are mirror-symmetric with respect to the GPS plane     

RNP AR飞行程序设计方法及实例分析

RNP AR飞行程序因其水平保护区小、航迹设计灵活以及能提供垂直引导而备受青睐,在地形复杂或空域受限的机场使用RNP AR飞行程序能显著降低运行标准,提高运行效率~([1])。本文从RNP AR飞行程序设计规范入手,详细阐述了RNP AR飞行程序设计的主要内容,并以某机场进近程序为例,进行了RNP AR飞行程序设计的实例分析。     

Comments on "Receiver antenna scan rate requirements needed to implement pulse chasing in a bistatic radar receiver"

For original paper see D.S.Purdy, ibid., vol.37, no.1, pp.285-7 (2001). It is shown that by selecting a different time variable, the approximations the author claims to be in error are indeed accurate. A reply by D.S.Purdy to these comments is included.     

发动机按小时包修合同的探讨

根据多年的实践经验．总结了发动机按小时包修模式的概念和包修合同的典型模式．提出了合同报价评估、合同谈判的关键因素以及合同签署后按小时包修机队的管理要点等,对国内航空公司引进发动机按小时包修管理具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

波音777飞机PDOS系统故障分析及预防

通过对波音777飞机配装的GE90发动机PDOS系统故障的分析和调查．提出提高系统可靠性、降低故障率的预防性维修措施,有利于提高航空公司航班的正点率。     

重心位置对不同布局飞机尾旋特性的影响

为了研究某大型民机重心位置轴向变化对其尾旋特性的影响,在尾旋风洞中进行了飞机模型的尾旋特性研究试验,试验结果表明在前重心条件下,模型旋转更加明显,尾旋情况更为严酷。同时展示了重心位置轴向变化对鸭式布局飞机和高平尾尾吊发动机布局飞机的影响,并进行了对比分析。此外,还研究了重心位置横向变化对常规布局大型民用飞机尾旋特性的影响。     

CRJ-200飞机起落架收放系统常见故障分析

山东太古飞机工程有限公司执管的CRJ-200飞机多次在航线维护中出现起落架不能正常收放故障,本文对这些故障进行了分类总结,并提出了常见的解决办法,其中的一些排故经验在FIM上也未曾涉及,以供同行借鉴。     

运-7飞机发动机滑油异常泄露故障分析

运-7飞机在飞行中因发动机石墨涂层脱落导致双篦齿封严环和篦齿封严环与双封严环抱死,引起了发动机滑油异常泄露故障。本文对相关结构进行有限元分析、计算,确定了篦齿封严环与双封严环基体间不会产生金属之间的磨擦,综合分析认为故障原因是石墨涂层质量不稳定导致的大面积脱落,引发了结构失效,并给出了发动机制造、修理工艺的改进措施,避免故障再次发生。     

拓膜技术在长度测量中的应用研究

针对超声波探伤试块表面裂纹长度、宽度及深度测量中遇到的测量难题．详细介绍用于长度测量的拓膜法胶样制作的标准流程．并对结果进行测量不确定度分析和测量数据验证。     

Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 3: Optimization of round jets vortex generators

In the previous two parts of this study [G. Godard, M. Stanislas, Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 1: Optimization of passive vortex generators, Aerospace Sci. Technol. 10 (3) (2006) 181–191; G. Godard, J.M. Foucaut, M. Stanislas, Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 2: Optimization of slotted jets vortex generators, Aerospace Sci. Technol. 10 (5) (2006) 394–400], two different types of vortex generators were characterized and optimized in an adverse pressure gradient boundary layer. The model used was a bump in a boundary layer wind tunnel, which mimics the adverse pressure gradient on the suction side of an airfoil at the verge of separation. The present contribution describes the results of a test campaign performed in the same facility to optimize round jets devices with continuous blowing. The optimization was done as previously with hot film shear stress probes. The results show that the optimized jet devices give performances comparable to standard passive vortex generators in terms of skin friction. They also allow a quantitative comparison between three different types of vortex generators: passive devices, slotted and round jets. This comparison is performed in both co- and counter-rotating configurations.     

维修执行方案的制订与优化

维修方案作为飞机持续适航的基础文件,在确保安全、适航的前提下,航空公司应根据自身航班运行特点,结合自身维修资源（设备设施、人力和材料等）的具体情况,科学、合理地制订维修执行方案并不断持续优化,从而达到最大化使用维修资源,降低维修成本,减少飞机检修停场,提高飞机的可用率及整体经济效益。本文主要以南航空客机队（A330／A380）维修执行方案为例,探讨如何制定与优化维修执行方案。     

航空器评审与商业成功

详细介绍了航空器评审工作的具体内容,研究并总结了国外主要适航当局FAA、EASAAEG部门的机构设置以及我国航空器评审工作的发展状况,阐述了航空器评审在型号合格审定过程中的重要性,对我国民用航空器的研制开发和投入运行具有一定的借鉴意义。     

发动机孔探工作中的技术管理

从技术管理角度,探讨了如何促进和提高发动机孔探工作的质量和效率.     

军用教练机任务可靠性预计方法研究

 完成任务成功概率(MCSP)是军用飞机的一项重要的可靠性指标,在可靠性设计中必须反复进行预计。飞机整机的任务可靠性预计国内尚未有先例。本文从工程实践中总结了一套预计军用教练机MCSP及系统的任务可靠度的方法,比较全面地论述了任务可靠性框图的特点,并提出了一个计算军用教练机MCSP的实用数学模型。     

遄达700发动机中压压气机出口导向叶片孔探检查新方法

提出遄达700发动机IPC OGV孔探检查新方法,解决了旧方法的内窥镜探头聚氨酯外层磨损问题。经人因孔探学分析和工程实践表明,新方法在检查速度和裂纹检出可靠性方面优于旧方法,所采用的孔探分析和评估方法可作为航空公司/MRO提升孔探水平的一般性方法。     

大后掠机翼外侧翼下导弹气动特性分析

位于大后掠翼战斗机机翼下的导弹,在飞行中受到的气动载荷,会对结构疲劳特性产生显著影响。为了研究导弹的气动载荷,建立了某型战斗机挂载导弹的气动仿真模型,设计了 3种导弹构型,分别为带前后弹翼导弹、只带后弹翼的导弹与只有弹体不带弹翼的导弹。对飞机翼下挂载 3种不同构型的导弹进行了气动特性的数值模拟与分析,并对比了导弹的气动载荷分布规律。计算结果表明:位于大后掠机翼下方的导弹,由于机翼下方的洗流作用,会受到较大的气动载荷,导弹的气动载荷以侧力和滚转及偏转力矩为主要分量；滚转力矩的方向会导致导弹与发射装置连接处靠近飞机对称面一侧受力较大,容易降低疲劳寿命；导弹的气动载荷主要由后弹翼产生,可在设计弹翼时适当减小后弹翼的面积,从而降低战斗机后掠翼洗流对翼下挂载导弹气动特性的影响。