基于样本值为正数条件下的AR模型平稳性研究

通过讨论一般情况下样本值为正的条件下的AR模型的稳定性,推导出模型的平稳性条件,从稳定性这个角度推出其与平稳性之间的一般关系,进而推广得到其他模型的平稳性条件。     

Comparison of the Past Two Solar Minima from the Perspective of the Interior Dynamics and Dynamo of the Sun

Solar cycle 23 behaved differently than cycle 22 in many ways. Certain properties, namely the long minimum at the end of cycle 23, weakening of polar fields, shrinking of polar coronal holes, reduction in the terrestrial atmospheric neutral density layer, have been identified as unusual compared to several past cycles. The origin of these differences most likely lies in the ways the dynamo has operated that led to distinctly different generation and evolution of the large-scale magnetic fields in cycles 22 and 23. Certain differences in the properties of Galactic-Cosmic Rays during cycles 22 and 23 have recently been explained by the differences in evolutionary pattern of coronal holes, which are linked to the dynamo-generated large-scale magnetic fields. In this paper, I will discuss the differences in the solar interior dynamics, particularly the properties of flow fields and their influence in governing the evolution of dynamo-generated magnetic fields during cycles 22 and 23, respectively.     

Formation of the Cores of the Outer Planets

The formation of the giant planets seems to be best explained by accretion of planetesimals to form massive cores, which in the case of Jupiter and Saturn were able to capture nebular gas. However, the timescale for accretion of such cores has been a problem. Accretion in the outer solar system differs qualitatively from planetary growth in the terrestrial region, as the larger embryo masses and lower orbital velocities make bodies more subject to gravitational scattering. The planetesimal swarm in the outer nebula may be seeded by earlier-formed large bodies scattered from the region near the nebular “snow line”. Such a seed body can experience rapid runaway growth undisturbed by competitors; the style of growth is not oligarchy, but monarchy.     

论清代前期统一的历史局限性

对于清代前期的统一，我们既要看到它的深远影响，也应指出其严重失误。诸如排斥汉族将帅参与边疆事务，在边疆某些地区滥施淫威，对蒙古及黄教政策的消极影响，虚边政策的危害，闭关自守政策的恶果等等，结果很快从“盛世”坠入“衰世”，内忧外患，纷至沓来，到清末时已是不可救药了。     

火星自然卫星分析历表的建立

为了解环火星探测器的运动规律,就要构造环火星探测器的轨道分析解,这会涉及2个火星自然卫星的分析历表,因而需要首先构造它们的轨道分析解。由于火星与地球类似,参照建立人造地球卫星轨道摄动解的方法,构造火星自然卫星轨道的摄动分析解,分离出短周期项,即可给出所需要的历表计算公式。将其与JPL网站上提供的历表进行比对,结果表明,所采用的数学模型以及构造轨道摄动解的方法均有效,能够达到期望的精度。     

差值法与比值法的误差修正效果比较研究及应用

差值法与比值法对不同测量系统的误差修正效果不一样。本文将两种方法的比较用一个比值来描述,并用推得的公式进行量化表示。在进一步的应用研究中,理论分析与实验数据相互印证,同时得到许多有益的结论,有助于全面掌握测量系统的误差来源,从而灵活选择各种修正方法以获得更加准确的测量结果。     

可拓学理论在导弹武器系统能力分析中的应用

利用可拓学中物元的可拓性、分合链与蕴含系方法。通过建立导弹武器系统能力的物元模型,对系统的能力进行了分析,实现了分析过程的符号化与形式化,使系统能力的分析层次更清晰。将可拓学的理论和方法与导弹武器系统能力的数学计算模型相结合,为武器系统的论证、研制、使用提供了一种有效的途径。     

Investigation of the infrared characteristics of the rocket nozzle

Investigation of the infrared characteristics of a rocket nozzle is very important for the study of infrared initiating technology. The Narrow-Band Zone model is developed for that purpose. The spectral transmission and absorption factors are introduced, and the equations between radiative heat flux and the temperature of waill surfaces and gas are developed. The radiative heat transfer in one axisymmetric cylindrical enclosure filled with homogeneous radiative participating medium is computed with the Narrow-Band Zone model and compared with those in the reference documents. The comparison shows good agreement. The radiative heat transfer to the nozzle of one rocket engine is also calculated with the Narrow-Band Zone model, and the outgoing radiative energy flux and energy rate integrated in a mid-wave infrared band 2-6 pm, a long-wave infrared band 8-14 pm and the full wave band are analyzed. The following conclusions can be derived: the spectral radiation from the inlet and outlet of the nozzle show apparent spectral discontinuity, which appears greater in the 2.7-2.95 pm than in the neighboring wave band. The spectral outgoing radiative energy flux of nozzle wail is similar to that of gray body, which decreases with wavelength in 2-14 pm. The outgoing radiative energy flux on the nozzle wall is greater in the cylindrical and contracting section of nozzle, but smaller in the divergent section, which is determined by temperature. The nozzle of the rocket engine radiates most energy in the mid-wave surfaces by absorption. The most important feature of gas radiation is the strong selection of the waveband, so the detailed study of the infrared characteristics of nozzle of the rocket engine should be carried out on narrow-band computation.     

论石油企业QHSE管理体系的建立

根据我国石油企业的实际 ,探讨了石油企业建立QHSE管理体系的方法与措施。     

The evolution of the anomalous component of the cosmic rays during the Ulysses mission

We have studied the evolution of the anomalous cosmic ray component at ULYSSES using observations of the quiet time helium fluxes obtained with the COSPIN Low Energy Telescope during the years from launch in October 1990 to the latest data in 1994. Shown are preliminary results of measurements in the energy range from 4.0 to 19 MeV/n. Following the drop in solar activity in late 1991, the low energy cosmic ray helium flux started to increase and continue to rise until the end of 1993, signifying the appearance of the anomalous component at ULYSSES.     

The role of the civil aviation authority in the development of the airport enterprise

The present article is the text of the speech delivered by Alfredo Roma at the opening session of the 10th ACI-Europe annual assembly held in Rome in June 2000, on the central theme ‘Global Alliances and Privatisation’. Here he reviews the main factors to be taken into consideration in order to optimise airport development in Europe within the framework of the ongoing civil aviation liberalisation and privatisation processes.     

爆炸破片作用下 舰载导弹战斗部的安全性数值模拟

文章主要针对爆炸破片作用下,垂直发射系统中舰载导弹战斗部的安全性进行分析,分别讨论了破片的质量、速度、侵彻角度和破片的数量等因素作用下,舰载导弹外防护设置以及战斗部的响应特性。结果表明:在临界起爆条件附近,炸药的点火增长对撞击速度的变化很敏感。同时,入射角对其是否引爆威胁战斗部的影响也很大;当两破片间距小于破片直径时,破片撞击战斗部形成的冲击波会相互叠加,压力峰值增大,更容易引爆战斗部,而当两破片间距大于1.7倍的破片直径时,此时两破片产生的冲击波叠加效应降低。     

略论航空电子在空中力量建设中的作用和地位

根据航空电子在航空武器装备发展中的作用与地位,分析了其对空中力量运用模式与作战战术的影响,以及各国防御战略与军队装备发展的走向,并指出:我国应加大航空电子技术的探索研究力度和预研投入,以加速我国航空武器装备信息化的发展进程。     

On the Role of Interchange Reconnection in the Generation of the Slow Solar Wind

The heating of the solar corona and therefore the generation of the solar wind, remain an active area of solar and heliophysics research. Several decades of in situ solar wind plasma observations have revealed a rich bimodal solar wind structure, well correlated with coronal magnetic field activity. Therefore, the reconnection processes associated with the large-scale dynamics of the corona likely play a major role in the generation of the slow solar wind flow regime. In order to elucidate the relationship between reconnection-driven coronal magnetic field structure and dynamics and the generation of the slow solar wind, this paper reviews the observations and phenomenology of the solar wind and coronal magnetic field structure. The geometry and topology of nested flux systems, and the (interchange) reconnection process, in the context of coronal physics is then explained. Once these foundations are laid out, the paper summarizes several fully dynamic, 3D MHD calculations of the global coronal system. Finally, the results of these calculations justify a number of important implications and conclusions on the role of reconnection in the structural dynamics of the coronal magnetic field and the generation of the solar wind.     

对中部崛起战略的再认识

我国目前正处于重要的战略转型期,怎样既坚持科学发展、实现“五个统筹”,又保持国民经济的持续快速增长,是我们面临的一个重大课题。促进中部崛起不仅是一个区域性发展战略,而且承担着扩大国内需求、吸引国际产业转移、统筹区域发展、保持国民经济持续快速增长的历史任务,同时又是中国在发展进程中如何规避“拉美陷阱”,走出一条独具特色的现代化道路的全新探索。     

XDLF型流量控制阀的设计

本文介绍了流量控制阀的设计过程和工作原理，并计算了误差精度。本阀具有结构简单、工作可靠，在小流量情况下，工作稳定、精度高的特点。     

Comparative geology of the satellites of the giant planets

The geologic evolution of the Jovian and Saturnian satellites is reviewed with regard to the major discoveries of the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters with Jupiter and Saturn.Nearly forty satellites are now identified in the Jovian and Saturnian systems. Three of these satellites (Ganymede, Titan, and Callisto) are larger than Mercury, two (Io and Europa) have sizes similar to the Moon, and four others (Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, and Tethys) are larger than the largest asteroids.They all have experienced different geologic evolutions related to their composition, and to their location in the two systems. The emphasis is given upon the cratering record of their surfaces, and on their thermal evolution, with regard to the tidal effects produced by the giant planets. The small satellites are also presented with no attempt to review their geologic record since they are almost only known from their orbital properties.     

Influence of the Interstellar Magnetic Field and Neutrals on the Shape of the Outer Heliosphere

Formed as a result of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the circum-heliospheric interstellar medium (CHISM), the outer heliosphere is generically three-dimensional because of the SW asphericity and the action of the interstellar and interplanetary magnetic fields (ISMF and IMF). In this paper we show that charge exchange between neutral and charged components of the SW–CHISM plasmas plays a dominant role not only in determining the geometrical size of the heliosphere, but also in the modulation of magnetic-field-induced asymmetries. More specifically, charge exchange between SW and CHISM protons and primary neutrals of interstellar origin always acts to decrease the asymmetry of the termination shock and the heliopause, which can otherwise be very large. This is particularly pronounced because the ionization ratio of the CHISM plasma is rather low. To investigate the deflection of the CHISM neutral hydrogen flow in the inner heliosphere from its original orientation in the unperturbed CHISM, we create two-dimensional neutral H velocity distributions in the inner heliosphere within a 45-degree circular conical surface with the apex at the Sun and the axis parallel to the interstellar flow vector. It is shown that the distribution of deflections is very anisotropic, that is, the most probable orientation of the H-atom velocity differs from its average direction. We show that the average deflection of the H-atom flow, for reasonable ISMF strengths, occurs mostly in the plane formed by the ISMF and CHISM velocity vectors at infinity. The possibility that the ISMF orientation may influence the 2–3 kHz radio emission, which is believed to originate in the outer heliosheath, is discussed.     

The Responsibility of the Engineering School in the Continuing Education of the Engineer

Engineering schools have a responsibility to provide a science background upon which graduates may build to solve the across-the-discipline challenges of tomorrow. They cannot and should not train for solutions to today's problems. Schools must insure that their faculty continues its education beyond the Doctor's degree by means of workshops, professional meetings, and involvement in investigation and research. Individuals must, however, retain primary responsibility for investment of time, energy, and effort necessary to remain a productive member of the profession for their career.     

Large scale structure of the solar corona in the declining phase of the solar cycle

Maps of the corona, obtained at meter wavelengths with the Nançay Radioheliograph (France), are used to study, on the disk, the radio counterpart of the coronal plasma sheet observed in K-corona on the limb. We study here the evolution of the coronal plasma sheet from the maximum of the activity cycle in 1980 to the minimum in 1986 and identify some of its large scale structures.