溅板式层板喷注单元流量及混合特性的试验

使用16 cm×16 cm的液流收集装置,对一种典型三角形内腔的溅板式层板喷注单元两股射流的流量和撞击后混合特性进行了试验研究.通过改变三角形结构尺寸,研究了扩张角和相对厚度对流量系数和混合效率因子的影响.结果表明:随着扩张角增大,流量系数和混合效率因子先增加后减小,当扩张角在60°～75°范围中,两者都达到了最大值,分别为0.773和82.6%;相对厚度对流量系数和混合效率因子也产生了较为明显的影响.      

直升机红外隐身技术研究

本文主要分析讨论了直升机红外隐身技术措施和一体化红外抑制器方案,通过对一体化红外抑制器主喷管和混合管缩比模型试验件进行热态试验,测量了在不同下洗气流速度下出口截面的排气温度场和红外辐射特性,得到了一体化红外抑制器的性能情况,试验结果表明,所提出的一体化红外抑制器具有很好的红外抑制效果。     

Calculation and experimental investigation of mixture formation in a vortex mixer

The paper presents the investigation results for an ejection device of preliminary preparation of a fuel-air mixture for low emission combustion chambers. The process of mixture formation was simulated numerically. The experimental investigation of oxidant and gaseous fuel mixing was carried out and the characteristic dependences of the mixture concentration distribution in the exit section were obtained.     

双扰流器喷雾装置雾化特性的试验研究

采用BK-1发动机燃烧室的离心式起动喷嘴作为中心喷嘴,油压差392kPa时,流量2 2g/s,再加上两只径向进气扰流器及导流环,构成双径向扰流器混合杯式喷雾装置。      

Flow field characteristics,mixing and emissions performance of a lab-scale rich-quench-lean trapped-vortex combustor utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body

In this study, the low emission combustion technology of Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) has been applied in Trapped-Vortex Combustor (TVC), and the combinative RQL-TVC shows a promising low emissions performance. By utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body, a lab-scale RQL-TVC was designed. The flow fields of RQL-TVC were measured by 2-D PIV and predicted by 3-D numerical simulation. Flow structures, radial profiles of normalized mean axial velocity, turbulence intensity and mixing level of the quench zone were analyzed. Results reveal that the dual-vortex and the single-vortex flow patterns both exist in cavities and quench zone of RQL-TVC, and the turbulence intensity is strong in the quench zone with some reverse flows. The spiral vortex was discussed by 3-D streamlines and the detail flow structures of the quench zone were analyzed based on the numerical results. The mixing level of the quench zone was determined, and results show that the quench device enhances the mixing level compared with TVC. Combustion efficiency and emissions performance were investigated experimentally, and results demonstrate that RQL-TVC has relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower emission index of CO, UHC and NO_x than the same size lab-scale TVC in present work.     

液氧甲烷发动机点火冲击特性研究

为研究液氧甲烷发动机燃烧室点火冲击特性及影响因素,根据爆轰波产生的机理,建立了甲烷推进剂液相蒸发数学模型,采用C-J(Chapman-Jouguet)爆轰理论,计算和分析了不同混合比、初温及初压对爆轰参数的影响规律.结果表明,爆轰波的强度与初压、初温及混合比密切相关.初压越高,初温越低,越接近化学当量混合比时,爆轰压比...     

《高频电子线路》课程“相乘器”教学策略

相乘器是高频电子线路课程中的一个重要单元电路。掌握相乘器的组成、基本原理、分析方法以及器件特点是通信电子信息类学生学好调制、检波以及混频电路的关键所在,讨论非线性器件二极管在开关状态下组成"相乘器"的教学策略对教学活动具有重要意义。     

横流注入形式对发动机尾喷流红外辐射特性影响的数值研究

针对轴对称收敛喷管,在其出口设计了横向射流装置,在保持横流总流量相同且进口总温为840K的情况下,数值模拟研究了横流不同注入形式对发动机尾喷流红外辐射的抑制效果.横流的注入能够增强尾喷流与外界气流的掺混,减小高温区长度.结果表明:周向4股注入时的掺混效果要明显弱于横流单股、双股相对注入,故其红外抑制效果也较差;在侧方探测面上,方位角大于20°时,横流单股注入与双股相对注入时的抑制效果非常接近,但后者效果稍好,其最大降幅达到71.6%;在下方探测面,两者的辐射强度均要比其在侧方探测面时大,且双股相对注入时的辐射强度与周向4股注入形式相当;在上方探测面上,相对于其他注入形式,横流单股注入时的辐射强度相对较小,最大降幅达到78.4%.      

Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Arbitrary Power-Series Nonlinear Amplifier

A general analysis of the effect of an arbitrary power-series nonlinear amplifier followed by a coherent mixing device on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is performed. An expression is derived for the improvement factor which is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the output SNR to the input SNR. This expression is applicable to the coherent amplitude detector and phase locked loop as well as noncoherent amplifier by appropriate selections of the detection angle. Moreover, the improvement factor can be obtained for noise with an arbitrary amplitude distribution. To demonstrate the applicability of this analysis, the improvement factors of the nonlinear amplifiers such as a power-law amplifier and a power-series amplifier with positive and negative discriminations are numerically calculated for the cases where the input noise amplitude distributions are Rician and triangular.     

基于EEMD气液两相流差压信号时频分析

为研究气液两相流流动过程的动态特性,采用V形内锥作为测量装置,通过高频差压变送器获得不同流型下的动态信号,提出了一种基于总体平均经验模式分解（EEMD）的气液两相流时频分析方法。通过对不同流型下的气液两相流的差压信号进行分析,研究了气液两相流的流动机理,为气液两相流流型及流量的准确测量奠定理论基础。分析发现EEMD的抗混分解能力很好,可以准确地提取两相流差压信号的频率成分及其时变情况,为今后两相流的识别提供理论基础,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

中心锥体结构脉冲爆震火箭发动机初步实验

为了改善采用液态燃料的脉冲爆震火箭发动机内部燃料的雾化以及燃料混合物的掺混状况,采用了一种中心锥体结构.该结构发动机不采用Shchelkin螺旋增爆装置,而采用中心锥体结构、二级供应方式.采用航空煤油为燃料、压缩氧气为氧化剂、压缩氮气为隔离气体,在该结构脉冲爆震火箭发动机上获得了充分发展的爆震波并且能够在多循环条件下稳定工作.实验结果表明,该结构可以大大缩短DDT(deflagration to detonation transition)距离,在实验条件下爆燃向爆震转变距离约为管径的5倍.较之同一管径采用Shchelkin螺旋增爆装置的脉冲爆震火箭发动机,该结构发动机的爆燃向爆震转变距离缩短了57.5%.      

Large-eddy simulation of shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction with and without SparkJet control

The efficiency and mechanism of an active control device ‘‘Spark Jet" and its application in shock-induced separation control are studied using large-eddy simulation in this paper.The base flow is the interaction of an oblique shock-wave generated by 8° wedge and a spatially-developing Ma = 2.3 turbulent boundary layer.The Reynolds number based on the incoming flow property and the boundary layer displacement thickness at the impinging point without shock-wave is20000.The detailed numerical approaches were presented.The inflow turbulence was generated using the digital filter method to avoid artificial temporal or streamwise periodicity.The numerical results including velocity profile,Reynolds stress profile,skin friction,and wall pressure were systematically validated against the available wind tunnel particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements of the same flow condition.Further study on the control of flow separation due to the strong shock-viscous interaction using an active control actuator ‘‘Spark Jet" was conducted.The single-pulsed characteristic of the device was obtained and compared with the experiment.Both instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields have shown that the jet flow issuing from the actuator cavity enhances the flow mixing inside the boundary layer,making the boundary layer more resistant to flow separation.Skin friction coefficient distribution shows that the separation bubble length is reduced by about 35% with control exerted.     

强迫振动下超声速混合层的掺混特性

利用实验研究与数值仿真相结合的方法,对强迫振动下对流马赫数为0.22的超声速混合层的掺混特性进行了分析,采用动量混合、雷诺应力以及标量混合指标对超声速混合层的掺混效率进行评估.研究结果表明:强迫振动对超声速混合层的掺混特性有重要影响.与无振动下相比,强迫振动使混合层的失稳位置提前,卷起的展向涡尺度变大,加快上下两层流动的混合.同时,强迫振动下,动量混合和标量混合更加充分.振动频率为4500Hz时,雷诺应力峰值提高约48%,薄平板后缘下游160mm处,动量厚度增长120%.      

Investigation of a superheterodyne mixing system with an ‘open structure’ mixer at 337 μm wavelength

As local oscillator for a 337 m heterodyne system a stable HCN-laser was built with an output-power of 50 mW. As mixing device an open-structure mixer was used integrating the RF-coupling device, the mixer and the IF-transformer. As active mixer-element a special doped GaAs-diode with high cut-oif frequency was used. Comparison measurements with the 12th harmonic of a 4-mm klystron led to the evaluation of the minimal detectable power with approximately 10^–15 WHz^–1.     

用于可压缩自由剪切流动的湍流混合长度

抓住可压缩流动变密度特性,构造出基于有效涡量的三维von Karman混合长度。湍流模型采用仅依赖湍动能k的单方程KDO(Kinetic Dependent Only)模型,引入新构造的混合长度替换旧尺度得到CKDO模型。为了验证其描述可压缩自由剪切湍流的能力,选择无壁面束缚、密度梯度大和可压缩效应强的自由剪切混合层为算例,其对流马赫数Ma_c=0.8。计算结果表明,KDO模型对混合层的速度分布有着良好的控制和模拟,而经可压缩修正后的CKDO模型与原模型及其他可压缩修正模型相比,所计算的速度分布、主雷诺剪切力和混合层厚度与试验结果更加接近,说明了该混合长度对可压缩混合层这种自由剪切湍流有着良好的刻画能力。     

喷射角对超声速燃烧室掺混和燃烧的影响

针对壁面喷射方式,分别在冷态喷流和燃烧工况下探讨了喷射角的变化对超声速流场中的燃料掺混效果及燃烧效率的影响。研究表明:采用带角度喷射能明显减弱壁面垂直喷射导致的强激波,减小激波/边界层干扰带来的总压损失,在燃料掺混特性方面,减小喷射角会降低近场穿透距离,减弱近场的掺混效果,而对中场的穿透深度及掺混效果影响不大,但带角度喷射的远场的穿透深度及掺混不如垂直喷射。所以垂直喷射时,虽然更多的燃料和空气发生掺混,燃烧效率要高于带角度喷射的,但会以牺牲很大的总压为代价,所以在工程中建议采用带角度喷射配合其他喷射方式。     

尾缘锯齿修形对波瓣强迫混合排气系统性能影响

针对某涡扇发动机波瓣强迫混合排气系统建立了尾缘锯齿修形流场数值计算模型,通过三维数值模拟研究,得到了不同尾缘锯齿修形波瓣强迫混合排气系统流场的演变规律和热混合效率、总压恢复系数的变化规律.结果表明:在强迫混合排气系统出口截面处,热混合效率随修形量的增加而增大,总压恢复系数随修形量的增加而减少.1个三角形(1-SJ)锯齿修形模型的热混合效率最大,达到79.73%;2个梯形修形(2-TX)的综合效果最优,其热混合效率达到77.50%,总压恢复系数比1-SJ高出0.5%.      

超声速尾迹-剪切流的混合增强

超声速条件下燃料和空气之间的高效混合是超然冲压发动机技术上的主要挑战。基于大涡模拟和流动稳定性分析,针对超声速尾迹-剪切流动开展了混合增强方法研究。尾迹的存在改变了混合层流动的速度剖面,对流动稳定性产生了重要影响,使混合层由三维最不稳定变为二维最不稳定,最不稳定扰动波频率和增长率增大。基于流动稳定性结果引入扰动的混合增强方式依然有效,根据稳定性结果设计了波纹隔板。数值结果表明：二维波纹壁引入的扰动未能增长,不具备混合强化效果,而三维波纹壁引入的扰动能够快速增长,具有混合强化效果,且波纹壁参数越接近最不稳定扰动波参数,混合强化效果越明显。     

A novel method of utilizing static mixer to obtain mixing homogeneity of multi-species powders in laser metal deposition

Real-time mixing of multi-species powder challenges Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). The current work proposes a novel method of using a static mixer to realize rapid, uniform multi-species powder mixing. Firstly, copper powder and 316L stainless steel powder are selected to complete the powder mixing observation experiment with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Secondly, computational fluid dynamics and particle mixing simulation models are used to analyze the flow field and particle motion characteristics in the static mixer. Finally, LMD experiment and metallographic observation are carried out with 316L stainless steel powder and WC powder to verify the feasibility of the static mixer. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for powder mixing in laser processing with a static mixer. The conclusions can also be applied to other processing fields requiring real-time and uniform mixing of multi-species powders.     

Linear stability analysis of interactions between mixing layer and boundary layer flows

The linear instabilities of incompressible confluent mixing layer and boundary layer were analyzed.The mixing layers include wake,shear layer and their combination.The mean velocity profile of confluent flow is taken as a superposition of a hyperbolic and exponential function to model a mixing layer and the Blasius similarity solution for a flat plate boundary layer.The stability equation of confluent flow was solved by using the global numerical method.The unstable modes associated with both the mixing and boundary layers were identified.They are the boundary layer mode,mixing layer mode 1 (nearly symmetrical mode) and mode 2 (nearly anti-symmetrical mode).The interactions between the mixing layer stability and the boundary layer stability were examined.As the mixing layer approaches the boundary layer,the neutral curves of the boundary layer mode move to the upper left,the resulting critical Reynolds number decreases,and the growth rate of the most unstable mode increases.The wall tends to stabilize the mixing layer modes at low frequency.In addition,the mode switching behavior of the relative level of the spatial growth rate between the mixing layer mode 1 and mode 2 with the velocity ratio is found to occur at low frequency.