Electromechanical Actuation Technology for the All-Electric Aircraft

Electromechanical actuation is a critical element that must be developed and verified to make the all-electric aircraft a viable concept. For several years the Flight Control Division of the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories has sponsored activities to demonstrate the credibility of electromechanical actuation systems (EMAS) for primary flight control actuation functions. The foundation for these EMAS activities and several electromechanical actuation development programs are described here. One involves the design, fabrication, and laboratory test of a rotary, hingeline electromechanical actuator. Another involves the development and flight test demonstration of a linear electromechanical actuator for controlling an aileron of a C-141 aircraft. A third involves the design and development of a linear electromechanical actuator for missiles having severe performance, temperature, and volumetric requirements. In addition, a brief summary of the results from two aircraft actuation trade studies compare the baseline (conventional) hydraulic flight control system with an all-electric airplane concept including quantitative comparisons of weight, reliability and maintainability, and life cycle costs.     

基于滑模变结构和扩张状态观测器的电动舵机复合控制方法

为提高电动舵机伺服系统的鲁棒性,同时解决实际工作中电动舵机不确定负载引起的跟踪精度低的问题,提出了一种采用指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制率结合扩张状态观测器对负载扰动进行实时估计的电动舵机的伺服控制方法,给出了控制器设计方法和试验验证。仿真和试验结果表明,与常规的滑模控制器相比,采用扩张状态观测器的变结构控制能有效提高电动舵机的跟踪性能。     

大功率高动态电动舵机的一种电流抑制方法

为了在保证动态性的前提下有效抑制大功率电动舵机的电流,研究了大功率电动舵机的原理及其存在的大电流现象,分析了传统电流环在抑制电流时存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于分段控制思想的电流环设计方法,根据舵系统动态响应过程中的电流特性对电流环进行实时调参.仿真和试验结果表明,该方法既能有效地抑制电流,提高大功率电动舵机可靠性,又能保证其动态性.     

带校正的机电集成超环面传动最优控制

基于某型机电集成超环面传动的机电耦合动力学模型,得到该传动的速度传递函数,推导了加入校正后系统的状态空间表达.考虑该系统的工程实际要求,建立了最优控制理论模型,求得了最优控制律.解得黎卡提矩阵方程,得到反馈增益矩阵,应用Matlab软件对跟踪响应情况和最优控制输入进行了仿真,明显改善了系统的动态性能,实现了比例积分(PI)控制与最优控制的结合.研究结果对该类型传动的实际应用具有指导意义.      

电动舵机快速设计技术研究

针对电动舵机常用的几类典型结构,分析了电动舵机组成及设计流程,并对电动舵机各类零件形状特征信息进行分类,得到了尺寸关系模型.采用VB对CATIA软件进行二次开发,建立电动舵机各个典型零件的建模函数,并利用ACCESS建立了电动舵机零件数据库,实现了舵机产品零件的数字化快速设计.     

一种民用飞机电作动舱门集中式控制方案研究

在未来飞机多/全电化和机电综合管理的发展趋势下,舱门作动器逐渐由机电作动取代了传统的液压、机械作动。针对目前民用飞机舱门分散式独立控制杂、乱、散的局面,提出一种用于电作动舱门的集中式控制方案。对该集中式控制方案下如何实现电机的伺服控制、舱门的并行控制以及接近传感器感应距离值的修改进行设计,并搭建舱门作动系统模拟装置及电...     

基于FPGA的谐波式电动舵机滑模控制研究与应用

根据谐波式电动舵机工作原理,推导了其数学模型;并针对谐波式电动舵机的特殊结构,在建模时充分考虑了摩擦和间隙非线性对舵机系统性能的影响.针对舵系统中存在的非线性问题,提出了一种滑模控制(SMC)算法;进一步为了解决滑模控制固有的抖阵问题,采用边界层与低通滤波器技术共同消除控制量的抖阵,并仿真验证了该算法的有效性.最终,采用数字芯片FP GA实现了该控制算法,并加以实验验证.实验结果表明:与传统比例积分微分(P ID)控制相比,基于滑模变结构控制的电动舵机的抗干扰和鲁棒性等有较大改善;且在偏转小角度时,由摩擦和间隙非线性导致的空回和时间延迟问题也得到了较好的抑制.     

某型飞机机电综合系统设计

分析了某型飞机机电系统的功能和发展状况,结合现代飞机的发展特点,对传统飞机与现代飞机的机电系统进行了分析对比,并介绍了某型飞机的机电综合系统的设计构想。     

Modelling and simulation of flight control electromechanical actuators with special focus on model architecting,multidisciplinary effects and power flows

In the aerospace field, electromechanical actuators are increasingly being implemented in place of conventional hydraulic actuators. For safety-critical embedded actuation applications like flight controls, the use of electromechanical actuators introduces specific issues related to thermal balance, reflected inertia, parasitic motion due to compliance and response to failure. Unfortu-nately, the physical effects governing the actuator behaviour are multidisciplinary, coupled and nonlinear. Although numerous multi-domain and system-level simulation packages are now avail-able on the market, these effects are rarely addressed as a whole because of a lack of scientific approaches for model architecting, multi-purpose incremental modelling and judicious model implementation. In this publication, virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuators is addressed using the Bond-Graph formalism. New approaches are proposed to enable incremental modelling, thermal balance analysis, response to free-run or jamming faults, impact of compliance on parasitic motion, and influence of temperature. A special focus is placed on friction and compliance of the mechanical transmission with fault injection and temperature dependence. Aileron actuation is used to highlight the proposals for control design, energy consumption and thermal analysis, power net-work pollution analysis and fault response.     

加盖机械手的PLC控制

介绍了PLC在柔性制造系统加盖机械手中的应用。阐述了加盖机械手的组成及控制流程,并结合机电专业综合实验实训的需求特点,重点研究加盖机械手在专业教学实践中对学生能力的培养。     

基于Simplorer的机电伺服系统多学科协同仿真技术研究

航天机电伺服系统是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量系统。针对机电伺服系统单一仿真平台存在的仿真精度低以及多学科协同仿真存在的仿真效率低等问题,提出了在Simplorer的软件平台下建立功率变换部分的电力电子仿真模型,通过有限元分析和试验的方法确定电机和模拟负载装置的非线性参数特性曲线,实现电力电子、控制和电磁场的多学科协同仿真与虚拟试验。仿真与试验结果表明,所建立的协同仿真模型与试验结果的最大误差不超过15%,可提升机电伺服系统的参数优化设计能力和算法调试效率。     

High performance magnetostrictive actuators

The application of magnetostriction in the design of a hybrid, electromechanical/hydraulic high-performance linear (large force and stroke) and/or rotational (large moment and angle) actuator is considered. The design concept combines the high power density of actuation possible with magnetostriction (approaching 0.1 HP/cm³ of the magnetostrictive material assuming 3 kHz excitation frequency) and the design flexibility of hydraulics. The objective of the research described was to validate the concept theoretically and to study alternatives and improvements. The system, as currently envisioned, offers very small packaging volume (approximately an order of magnitude smaller than conventional electromechanical systems), flexible packaging (relative location of the major system components is not critical), and easy control (precise control of actuation speed, quick reverse time, and inherent position lockup). The major technical problems associated with the design are outlined, and results of a computer simulation of a prototype actuator are presented     

自抗扰控制技术在电动舵系统中的应用

针对无刷直流电机驱动的位置伺服系统,介绍了其自抗扰控制器设计的基本思路与实现过程。通过扩张状态观测器的动态补偿提高了电动舵机的鲁棒性,同时对系统闭环特性进行了分析,并对结果进行了仿真计算与实验研究,最后给出了自抗扰控制技术在快速响应电动舵机中的应用结果。     

基于项目教学的《工程对象组装》课程建设

《工程对象组装》课程是我院机电一体化技术专业的能力拓展课程,通过课程的实施,对本专业学生创新能力的培养起到了有一定的促进作用,在机电一体化技术专业人才培养过程中发挥了重要作用。     

基于低成本MEMS器件的MUAV导航与控制系统的设计

 针对MUAV（MUAV)定点飞行任务中姿态测量精度低所导致的机体不稳定问题,提出了一种在横侧向平面通过控制航向速率陀螺保证平飞,在纵向平面采用过载控制的办法控制高度的控制方法。在此基础上,设计了四航点压线导航方式,并通过飞行试验验证了纵向和横侧向平面控制的稳定性。试验结果表明,所设计的导航与控制方法,在低精度微机电系统（MEMS）的测量装置条件下,能够满足MUAV定点、定航线飞行任务的要求。     

Concepts for position and load control for hybrid actuation in primary flight controls

Moving towards the More Electric Aircraft, a hybrid actuator configuration, in which an electromechanical actuator (EMA) and an electrohydraulic servoactuator (EHSA) operate on the same control surface, provides an opportunity to introduce electromechanical actuators into primary flight controls. Besides the operation in active/passive or active/active mode, an “active/no-load” mode is promising. In this mode the EMA is controlled such that it actively follows the movement of the control surface without carrying external air loads, thereby reducing power dissipation compared to active/active mode and failure transients compared to active/passive mode. However, force fighting will occur if both actuators are actively controlled. In this paper, control concepts for a hybrid configuration, extending the original actuator control loops, are presented, enabling active/active as well as active/no-load operation. Nonlinear as well as linear models for an EMA, an EHSA, and a control surface structure are derived from technical data for an airworthy EHSA and combined to a model of the hybrid configuration. These models are used for matching of actuator dynamics and simulation of the developed control laws. For active/active mode, maximum force fighting between the actuators is reduced from about 500% to 7% of the stall load. For active/no-load mode, a force control loop is added to the EMA control, causing the EMA to follow movements of the control surface such that the external loads on the EMA are zero in steady-state. Force fighting is reduced to 30% of the stall load.     

飞机全电刹车系统机电作动器的研究与设计

针对未来多电飞机发展的关键技术全电刹车系统机电作动器进行了深入的研究和分析。介绍了全电刹车系统的组成结构,建立了全电刹车系统机电作动器、无刷直流电机及全电刹车系统的数学模型。     

机电作动系统发展

 机电作动系统是通过控制电动机或电器的运行直接或间接地控制负载的运动,实现控制目标的位置伺服控制的一类系统的总称。针对飞行器用机电作动系统,概述了其应用概况、结构的演化过程、关键技术的发展过程,并就机电作动系统的发展动态做了介绍。在此基础上,提出了飞行器用机电作动系统的研究和发展的一些建议。     

基于单片机的数字温度表设计

在介绍某型机电式温度表组成及工作原理的基础上,论述了基于MCS-51单片机的数字温度表的设计方法,给出了硬件电路设计、模拟电源与放大器电路设计及软件设计,用AEDK51仿真器完成了硬软件调试.该设计克服了机电式温度表摩擦、温度变化等因素引起的指示误差大的弊端,提高了温度表的指示精度.     

电动舵机中的电流环分析及校正

以电动舵机中电流控制问题为研究对象,通过对直流电机电流数学建模及频域分析,阐述了常规电流环控制器校正后的电流频率响应特性。针对电流负反馈容易引入测量噪声、采样延时带来不稳定等问题,提出呆用陷波滤波器串联校正电流的频率特性,并给出了滤波器参数设计方法。分别对串联校正和电流负反馈控制进行了实验验证,结果表明采用陷波滤波器串联校正能够抑制峰值电流,与电流环比例控制效果接近,其实现简单、稳定性好。