Variations of static loading in single-crystal turbine blades of aircraft gas turbine engines in the course of prolonged service

Some results obtained in the course of statistical analysis of loading in the turbine blades of civil aircraft GTEs over the operating time interval to 11000 hours are presented. These results can be applied to determine the individual service life and are recommended for use in the service life design system.     

Analysis of domestic aircraft gas turbine engine development dynamics

The schemes of creating aircraft GTE developments by domestic design bureaus are analyzed and basic engines, their modifications and some projects are shown in chronological succession. The amount of developments of individual engine types is examined and a share of each DB in the general scope of developments is determined. The dynamics of GTE developments in the USSR/CIS is presented.     

Diagnostics of gas turbine engine blades using the forced vibration method

The results of experimental studies with the aid of the forced vibration method to determine the technical condition of GTE turbine blades are presented; the phase difference of two vibrations was used as a diagnostic indicator. The schemes of a diagnostic complex are given, the experiment procedure and results obtained are described.     

Calculation of the thermostressed state of a turbine nozzle vane

We present a technique and results of calculating the cooling air pressure and flowrate in the turbine nozzle deflector vane duct, coefficients of heat transfer through air and from gas taking into account the influence of an air film heated in the perforation holes as well as temperature and thermal stresses in the vane elements and its thermal barrier coating in the GTE takeoff operational conditions. The effect of oval grooves in the coating behind the holes in the gas flow downstream direction and possible cracking of material on the thermal stress distribution in metal is considered.     

A novel model-based multivariable framework for aircraft gas turbine engine limit protection control

Control technologies are innovated to satisfy increasingly complicated control demands of gas turbine engines. In terms of limit protection control, a novel model-based multivariable limit protection control method, which is achieved by adaptive command reconstruction and multiple-control loop selection and switch logic, is proposed in this paper to address the problem of balancing smaller thrust loss and safe operations by comparing with widely-used Min-Max logic. Five different combination modes of control loops, which represent the online control loop of last time instant and that of current time instant, is analyzed. Different command reconstructions are designed for these modes, which is based on static gain conversion of amplitude beyond limits by using an onboard model. The double-prediction based control loop selection and switch logic is developed to choose a control loop appropriately by comparing converted amplitude beyond limits regardless of one or more parameters tending to exceed limits. The proposed method is implemented in a twin-spool turbofan engine to achieve limit protection with direct thrust control, and the loss of thrust is improved by about 30% in comparison with the loss of thrust caused by Min-Max logic when limit protection control is activated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

航空发动机状态监视、故障诊断研究及验证

提出了发动机状态监视、故障诊断的理论方法并搭建了该系统的软硬件平台,为建立机载发动机健康管理系统奠定了坚实的基础。首先,建立并验证了含有健康参数的发动机线性化模型,在模型的基础上设计了用于故障诊断的卡尔曼滤波器;其次,用设计好的滤波器可以准确估计出反应发动机运行状态的不可测参数;随后又用了一组卡尔曼滤波器诊断、隔离了传感器故障;最后,介绍了该部分机载系统原理样机的软硬件配置,并进行了算法平台验证,从操作和实现方式上验证了软硬件平台。该设计满足算法需求且界面人性化、易于操作。     

Structural optimization of the neural network model for the gas turbine engine monitoring

The paper presents a technique of the neural network model reduction for the GTE operation mode monitoring during bench tests. The technique is based on the conversion of the neural network training task to the of multi-criteria optimization task.     

Hardware-in-the-loop testing technology for integrated control and condition monitoring systems of aircraft gas turbine engines

Hardware-in-the-loop testing technology for automatic control, condition monitoring and diagnostics systems of gas turbine engines is described. The technology proposed makes it possible to simulate combinations and chains of unexpected and gradual failures of engines, transducers and actuators.     

Computer-aided design of blank forging production facilities for aircraft engine compressor blades

The computer-aided design (CAD) system is specified for the preproduction engineering of the aircraft engine compressor blades. This system is characterized by a high quality of designing the finishing cutoff and reducing dies. It is shown that a high level of unification and integration in CAD permits the time of designing the punch tool sets to be significantly reduced.     

航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法与实现

航空发动机叶片长期工作在高温、高压和高速的环境下,极易出现损伤。但是,损伤叶片的再制造修复技术一直被国外垄断,国内航空公司不得不花费大量的资金和时间将受损叶片送往国外维修。针对此问题,提出一种航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法。首先,对损伤叶片进行失效特征分析,评价修复可行性;其次,获取并处理叶片点云数据,提取叶片截面的边界曲线,重建叶片数字化模型,通过布尔运算得到加工目标模型;再次,采用激光熔覆和自适应加工方法,对损伤叶片进行再制造修复;最后,分别对叶片三维数字化模型与实物进行精度检测和误差分析。结果表明,利用该方法建立的叶片数字化模型具有较好的精度和光顺性,再制造修复误差满足发动机维修手册的要求。     

车载燃气轮机进气砂尘分离器设计与验证

对车载燃气轮机进气砂尘分离器的设计方法进行了研究,根据设计要求,提出了一套涡旋管粒子分离器的设计方案和设计流程,并据此设计了隔栅式涡旋管和空气滤清器总成.对涡旋管的三维气固两相流动进行数值模拟.以空气滤清器总成为试验对象,进行了气动试验和砂尘分离试验.数值模拟和试验结果表明:进气砂尘分离器的设计方法能够达到预期的设计效果,设计的分离器满足设计要求,所采用的数值模拟方法可以较准确地模拟涡旋管的三维气固两相流动,计算结果可信.      

燃气轮机燃烧室燃烧气体燃料的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对燃气轮机环形燃烧室燃烧天然气、中低热值燃料进行燃烧性能的数值分析。根据该燃机的结构特点建立了包括扩压器、机匣等部件计算几何模型;计算中采用SIM-PLE算法,可实现k-ε双方程湍流模型,六通量辐射模型、非绝热概率密度函数（PDF）燃烧模型及热力型NO模型对其进行燃烧数值模拟,分析了燃气轮机环形燃烧室燃烧3种燃料性能。计算结果表明：该燃机燃烧天然气、中热值燃料燃烧性能均能达到设计状态,而燃烧低热值燃料燃烧室出口温度较低,表明燃烧过程的数值模拟可为进一步优化燃烧室的结构,改善流场结构提供有用的设计依据,适合于工程应用。     

一种单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳寿命评估方法

针对单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳(TMF)问题,围绕单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验,结合单晶变形、损伤理论及数值模拟,建立了一套单晶涡轮叶片TMF寿命评估方法.利用空心气冷涡轮叶片TMF试验系统,对单晶涡轮片考核截面在服役条件下所产生的交变应力场和交变温度场进行模拟,确定了裂纹萌生部位及其TMF寿命.考虑单晶涡轮叶片变形和损伤行为的特征,分别建立了基于滑移系的Walker黏塑性本构模型和基于临界平面的循环损伤累积(CDA)模型.利用上述本构和寿命模型,完成了单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验的数值模拟.结果表明:叶片理论危险点与试验结果一致,且计算寿命基本落在试验寿命的3倍分散带内.      

Thermostressed state in turbine rotor blades with thermal barrier coating at transient conditions of air breathing jet engine operation

The finite-difference method acceptable for on-board computers is applied to analyze the thermo-stressed state for the thermal-barrier coating of a perforated turbine blade and its wall at transient and stationary conditions of air-breathing jet engine operation during a flight.     

Static strength analysis of aircraft GTE turbine blades and comparison of different calculation methods

The results of the static strength analysis of a turbine blade are presented; the analysis is performed both by the finite element method in the ANSYS software and by the classical method on the basis of the rod theory; the results are compared. The pressure fields acting on the turbine blade are calculated by the numerical method in the FLUENT application.     

基于EWT-熵值方法的发动机风扇叶片损伤监控

为了从发动机性能数据中寻找风扇叶片外来物损伤航班特征,从而将风扇叶片受外来物损伤的航班区分出来,在机载快速存储记录器（quick access recorder, QAR）数据检测中提出将经验小波分解和信息熵结合的方法。通过对各航班原始振动数据的拟合平滑处理和经验小波分解,提取了分解后各模态的能量熵和,分析了添加汉明（Hanmming）窗函数的多尺度熵,结果表明：拟合后数据的熵值变化更明显,且风扇叶片受外来物损伤航班的能量熵和有10%以上的降低趋势,改进后的多尺度熵有40%以上的增长趋势,均明显异于其他正常航班。证明采用EWT-熵值方法可以较好地对发动机风扇叶片外来物损伤情况进行监控。     

燃气涡轮发动机风扇盘拓扑优化

在连续体结构拓扑优化数学模型的基础上,根据某燃气涡轮发动机设计图建立了1/18循环对称简化的风扇结构模型,基于固体各向同性材料惩罚（SIMP）模型插值的变密度法对结构进行了拓扑优化设计。为了获得更好的风扇盘结构拓扑优化结果,提出了一种将增加质量和整体叶盘结构相结合的方案,并应用该方案,在原始风扇盘模型的基础上设计了三种扩大求解域后的对照模型。对所有的优化结果进行模型重建,并对危险工作条件进行了校核验证。结果表明:采用该方法对某型发动机风扇盘进行结构拓扑优化,能在满足强度和刚度要求的前提下使压气机质量减少349％。     

燃气涡轮起动机系统故障分析

燃气涡轮起动系统直接影响飞机发动机的起动，针对其多发性故障，着重对燃气涡轮起动机系统的原理进行研究。分析引发故障的各种原因，得出查找、排除故障的一般方法，对一线维护保障、理论研究有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

A new online modelling method for aircraft engine state space model

To overcome the drawbacks of current modelling method for aircraft engine state space model, a new method is introduced. The form of state space model is derived by using Talyor series to expand the nonlinear model that is implicit equations and involves many iterations. A partial derivative calculation method for iterations is developed to handle the influence of iterations on parameters. The derivative calculation and the aerothermodynamics calculations are combined in the component level mode...