弹用涡喷发动机启动加速过程试验

讨论弹用涡喷发动机启动加速过程的试验研究,并分析了某弹用涡喷发动机启动加速过程的有关问题,通过地面模拟试验建立了该发动机启动加速的数值模型。     

某型弹用涡喷发动机安装性能分析

在分析S形进气道的总压损失以及进气道，喷管／后体外部阻力计算方法的基础上，建立了针对某型号导弹涡喷发动机的安装性能的计算程序，并结合实际飞行条件，对用户附加引气，功率输出，进气道，喷管安装和环境温度对该发动机性能的影响进行了计算，结果表明，引气和提取功率影响不大，而进气道总压损失和进、排气系统的外部阻力有重要影响，环境温度有一定影响；而且由于弹用涡喷发动机的推力比较小，必须考虑安装性能计算，以便准确判断每一种安装因素所造成的性能损失，为设计和使用方提供理论指导依据。     

利用辐射光谱法开展发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量

针对发动机高温燃烧火焰参数非接触式在线原位测量难题,提出了基于火焰辐射光谱(radiation spectroscopy, RS)的火焰参数在线测量方法,采用光纤光谱仪搭建了发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量系统,并利用黑体炉对光谱仪电荷耦合元件(charge-coupled device, CCD)波长响应特性进行了标定.之后,应用该系统获得了火箭基组合循环(rocket based combined cycle, RBCC)发动机地面试验高温燃烧火焰200~1100nm波段辐射光谱,结合普朗克定律与最小二乘法,实现了火焰温度与辐射率参数的在线测量,为发动机燃烧诊断与优化提供了直接数据支撑.      

弹用涡喷发动机密封元件摩擦性能试验研究

从添加剂和表面改性两个方面，对某涡喷发动机密封部件摩擦副的摩擦性能进行了试验研究。结果表明FROMULA 4－10和PC－7000两种添加剂，以及磷化和刷镀铟铜合金两种密封环表面改性方法，能够改善密封元件的摩擦性能。     

无人机用涡喷发动机转速不跟随油门故障分析

针对无人机用涡喷发动机转速不跟随油门问题,建立了发动机转速不跟随油门故障树并进行了故障机理分析。基于地面故障复现试验和试飞故障数据,对起动自动器活门及薄膜压力的变化关系进行了分析,确定了故障原因:在高空副油路单独供油情况下,起动自动器活门打开,大量放油,造成局部低压腔压力升高,液压延迟器作动失效,导致故障发生。根据故障原因提出了取消放气窗的解决措施,并通过试飞验证了措施的可行性和有效性。研究成果为发动机燃油系统排故积累了经验,也为发动机燃油系统设计和生产优化提供了参考。     

Investigation of aqueous ethanol combustion in the reciprocating internal combustion engine

The results of an experimental research, conducted to study a possibility of reducing nitrogen oxide emission in the reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) at the combustion mode close to stoichiometric one by increasing the water content in the aqueous ethanol solution are presented. It has been established that as the water quantity in aqueous ethanol grows, a 30-fold reduction in the nitrogen oxides emission level is achieved without a drop in the engine power-to-weight ratio.     

弹用涡喷发动机润滑油系统动密封结构研究

论述了某弹用涡喷发动机动密封结构工作原理及泄漏失效形式，对润滑系统的动密封结构进行了密封元件的研制，配合零件间隙的设计和台架模拟的试验研究，掌握了该发动机动密封的磨损机理，台架试验结果证明了其动密封结构设计的合理性。     

涡轮喷气发动机抗畸变流场模拟试验研究

详细介绍了用于涡轮喷气（风扇）发动机抗畸变流场试验用畸变模拟器的组成、工作原理和标定方法，并给出了畸变流场的计算方法。模型与实物两种方法标定结果有较大差别：畸变模拟器出口总压恢复系数σ模型比实物高1％－2％、流场畸变度低4．6％－6．4％；某型涡扇发动机在进口畸变流场畸变度W＝9．6％下，发动机启动可靠、工作稳定，但进口流场畸变度将使压气机的喘振裕度减小，而导致发动机产生不稳定工作。     

Simulation of thermal radiation emitted by heterogeneous combustion products in the combustion chamber of a model engine

The paper presents technology and results of the computational experiment on investigation of thermal radiation in the combustion chamber of a model rocket engine. Dependence of optical properties, radiation characteristics and emission characteristics on the main determining factors and parameters is analyzed.     

双模态超燃冲压发动机准一维流场数值模拟

使用一维模型和定比热假设,对超燃发动机在超声速状态下的几何截面的设计及在固定几何截面如何调节气动热力(燃烧速率,喷射位置等)优化工作状态进行了数值研究。采用加热规律经验公式,分析加热规律变化对燃烧室和隔离段内流动参数的影响。采用四阶龙格-库塔法对一维控制方程求解,表明几何形状及加热规律对燃烧室工作的优劣有很大的影响。通过研究发现完全可以单独通过调节加热规律达到优化燃烧工况的目的。     

脉冲放电等离子体控制火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定性机理

为研究等离子体对火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定性的影响,提出了一种基于脉冲激励准直流放电等离子体的控制方案,采用数值仿真方法研究了脉冲放电等离子体对燃烧室流场平均参数及动态特征的影响规律。结果表明:脉冲激励下燃烧室平均温度和压力都较定常激励下有所降低,对整个燃烧室的影响可以忽略。与定常激励相似,等离子体可以在一段时间内抑制高频压力振荡,而且在特定控制参数下其对不稳定燃烧的抑制效果优于定常激励方式;从功率谱密度分析可知脉冲激励下燃烧室压力振荡特征频率由燃烧室固有声学频率和脉冲激励频率两者共同决定,提高激励频率则特征频率幅值有所降低。脉冲激励方式与定常激励一样不改变燃烧室压力-释热耦合特征,但是通过降低释热率能够改变压力振荡幅值,进而实现对高频不稳定燃烧的抑制。在所研究工况中,激励频率为50 kHz、占空比为20%的脉冲控制参数下等离子体的抑制效果最佳。      

Analytical study of the FV atmospheric flight dynamics under propulsive engine control

A mathematical model of the atmospheric flight of a flight vehicle being controlled by small propulsive engines is presented. The analytical solutions of differential equations are obtained for the approximate calculation of kinematic parameters in the steady-state motions. The flight dynamics and control are studied under conditions of nose lift and diving. The results are suitable for the choice of design FV parameters and synthesis of onboard algorithms of control and parametric identification.     

Prediction of emissions in turbojet engines exhausts: relationship between nitrogen oxides emission index (EINOx) and the operational parameters

The prediction of nitrogen oxides emissions in turbojet engines exhausts remains a field of immense importance given the increasing coercive environmental requirements in relation to the emissions from turbojet engines. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are subjected to limits fixed by legislators in a lot of countries because of their toxic character beyond specific concentrations in the air and their effects on climate change. However, analytical methods used to evaluate the quantities of the emissions are not efficiently established because of a lack of complete understanding of the phenomena governing the formation of the NOx in turbojet engines. It is a combination of chemical, thermal, and fluid dynamic processes. In this paper, a more accurate empirical correlation is determined for the prediction of nitrogen oxides emission index (EI_NOx) in turbojet engines exhausts using the main combustion operational parameters. The relationship between EI_NOx and the following parameters: fuel flow rate, output power, pressure ratio, efficiency, flame temperature and combustor inlet temperature is analysed with 227 ICAO certification data measured on turbojets engines from manufacturers such as Pratt and Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls-Royce. A set of 556 test point data used to show flame and combustor inlet temperature relationship with NOx emission index is from the work of G.F. Pearce et al. on twelve gas turbine engines. From this analysis it can be noticed that the relationship between EI_NOx and flame temperature is strong but not as the relationship between EI_NOx and the combustor inlet temperature. Since the combustor inlet temperature is easier to measure, EI_NOx value can be deduce from it. By predicting NOx emissions from combustor inlet temperature we can avoid exhausts gas measurements and analysis, saving on time and money.     

Mathematical modeling and experimental investigations of oxygen-methane fuel combustion at coaxial-jet supply into the combustion chamber of liquid-propellant rocket engine

The numerical results are presented for the case of coaxial-jet supply at the different ratio of mass component velocities at the combustion chamber inlet with the constant and variable relationship of oxygen-methane components. The experimental investigations of coaxial-jet mixing elements as part of the model setup chamber operating on corrosive producer gas and gaseous methane were carried out. A qualitative pattern of the $ overline {rho u} $ overline {rho u} parameter influence on the chamber economic feasibility was obtained: as $ overline {rho u} $ overline {rho u} decreases, the combustion efficiency coefficient grows.     

三组元双工况火箭发动机羽流发射光谱实验研究

为研究火箭发动机故障的羽流光谱诊断技术，对三级元双工况火箭发动机羽流发射光谱进行了实验测量。结果表明娄发动机有异常杂质进入羽流时，羽流光谱中有该物质的显著特征光谱；同时，正常情况下羽流辐射光谱随发动机不同结构、不同工况及不同工作参数而表现出不同的特征光谱。     

液氧/煤油补燃发动机低频频率特性研究

基于模块化层次化的建模技术,建立液氧/煤油补燃发动机的线性小扰动频率特性仿真模型.在建模过程中,重点考虑了绝热流动假设和熵波影响下的气路模型.依据交流流体网络理论,运用传递函数法分析了该型发动机的低频频率特性,为研究液体火箭的纵向耦合振动(POGO)及发动机动力学提供帮助.      

双组元高室压脉冲火箭发动机工作特性分析

为了研究高室压脉冲火箭发动机的工作特性,在分析其工作原理的基础上建立了数学模型,其中燃烧室和挤压腔采用零维模型,喷管采用一维准稳态模型,采用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行了求解.结果表明,燃烧室的最大压强和平均压强都高于推进剂供给压强,而挤压过程中进出燃烧室的质量不守恒是压强升高的原因.与常规液体火箭发动机相比较表明,脉冲火箭发动机的真空比冲提高了7.5%,而喉部面积仅为其10.2%.     

The atmospheric composition,extinction and luminosity of the LBV R71

ESO 3.6m Caspec spectra of the LMC luminous blue variable (LBV) taken at minimum have been analysed using NLTE model atmospheres and line formation calculations to derive atmospheric parameters and chemical composition. Using the silicon ionization balance and the hydrogen Balmer lines we deriveT _eff =17250, log g=1.80 and a microturbulent velocity of 15–20 km/s. The analysis yields abundance ratios by number of approximately 0.43 for He/H, 0.03 for C/N and 0.14 for O/N, implying that enrichment of the atmosphere by processed material has taken place. We have re-evaluated the reddening of R71 using IUE low resolution data and published UBVRIJHKL photometry and derive a value for A _V of 0.63. We also construct an extinction curve using archive IUE data for mid-B LMC supergiants and show that the extinction is anomalous; the 2175A bump being almost absent and the far UV rise very pronounced. A comparison of our model flux in theV-band with the observed (dereddened)V magnitude and the D.M. of the LMC (18.45), implies that the bolometric magnitude or R71 is –9.9. This is significantly higher than the value of –9.0 usually adopted for R71 and suggests that this object may not in fact be a subluminous LBV.     

基于CFD分析的二冲程发动机直喷燃烧室方案设计

采用三维实体建模软件UG对此二冲程发动机的燃烧室进行直喷化设计,并利用三维CFD仿真软件Fluent对直喷燃烧室的缸内流场进行CFD仿真与分析.分析结果显示:当燃烧室高度从32mm降为24mm,以及活塞顶面与缸盖底面距离从7mm降为3mm时,压缩过程中的反滚流结构消失,扫气效率从87%升高到91%.模拟结果为进一步优化燃烧室结构提供了较好依据.      

激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀燃烧流场研究进展

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)具有非侵入性、灵敏度高和时间响应快等优点,将激光吸收光谱技术与最小二乘法、计算机断层扫描重建技术(CT)相结合,可以实现对非均匀燃烧流场的分布测量。首先简要介绍了激光吸收光谱技术的发展历程及测量基本原理,然后分别对激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀流场一维分布、二维分布的国内外研究现状及关键技术进行了综述,比较分析了二维非均匀流场诊断实验中旋转和固定两种安装模式的优缺点及相对应的光线布局,总结了用于流场二维重建的相关重建算法,最后讨论了激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀流场研究工作的发展趋势和有待解决的相关问题。