Prologue to radio position finding (RPF)

The author reminisces about the use of radar by the US Army in Hawaii and the detection of Japanese aircraft as they approached Oahu on December 7, 1941. He briefly discusses post-Pearl-Harbor radar activity     

Microwave landing system: a pilots point of view

The author describes the MLS installation on runway 19L at Mid-Continent Airport, Wichita, Kansas, which has been operational since mid-1987. He describes the MLS equipment installation in his aircraft, which is one of a number of aircraft in the Wichita area that have been equipped with MLS equipment and routinely utilize the system. He summarizes his operational experience with the system. He reports complete satisfaction and increased versatility as a result of the guidance information provided     

Radar Handbook, 3rd Edition (M.I. Skolnik, Ed; 2008) [Book Review]

Thirty eight radar experts contribute to this edition, which includes six completely new chapters on the following topics: ground penetrating radar; remote sensing with radar on satellites; multifunctional radar systems for fighter aircraft (MFAR); digital signal processing for radar; civil marine radar; and propagation. Each chapter contains references, ranging from 10 to 197, with a median of 71. The index runs 18 pages printed in double columns, but is not necessarily complete. Some topics, such as MIMO radar and long range radars to track satellites and ballistic missiles, will have to wait for a 4th edition. This text is the most authoritative, broadest, and deepest single volume on radar. The emphasis is on real world performance and real hardware that has been tested and works successfully in the real world, and the physics relevant to radar systems, as well as radar system engineering cost tradeoffs.     

进近雷达管制调速问题研究

对进近雷达管制中的调速问题进行了较全面的讨论。首先介绍了国际民航组织和中国在这方面的具体规定;详述了指示空速和真空速的对应关系;最后根据多年的雷达管制教学经验,提出了一些具体的调速方法和注意事项。     

创建我国股份制模式的客观选择

如何创建我国股份制模式问题,一直是多年来理论研究和实际试点中争议的热点。本文从我国实际情况出发,论述股份制不是资本主义特有的经济范畴,它可以为社会主义经济制度服务,在社会主义的中国搞股份制,不是削弱或肢解而是巩固和发展全民所有制,并提出“一企多制”的股份制模式。     

Further Results on Multipath Angle Error Reduction Using Multiple-Target Methods

The two-target technique proposed by the author in an earlier paper [1] for reducing radar multipath angle tracking errors has been simulated on a digital computer assuming an actual closed-loop system. When tracking with noise, the technique provides angle error performance which compares quite favorably with the expected performance given in [1] Furthermore, the large bias errors usually encountered in normal monopulse systems at low elevation angles are removed. Results of typical tracks are given, both for the method of [1], and for a modified version of the method which applies primarily to shipboard radar systems. Some results on loss of lock are also presented.     

Applications and frustrations in using ground penetrating radar

In this paper the author concentrates on the narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from a few MHz to a few GHz where geophysicists used ground penetrating radar which is sometimes called georadar, ground probing radar, or subsurface radar. Ground penetrating radar is deployed today from the space shuttle, aircraft, on the surface, in and between boreholes and sometimes from within or between mine shafts. The author discusses these applications and some of the problems involved     

Computerizing the circuit board industry while reducing costs

The author examines a systems approach to automation that the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturer can use in order to adapt today's technology for his or her individual needs. He begins with an overview of production functions. He then describes the subsystems approach, the steps leading to computerization, implementation, the bare board test system, and preprocessing     

基于FPGA的雷达信号模拟、采集与处理系统

介绍了基于FPGA设计并实现了一种雷达信号模拟、采集与处理的系统。系统主要由计算机和带有双路高速A/D和双路高速D/A的信号处理卡组成。信号处理卡以FPGA为核心控制与处理芯片,主要完成雷达信号模拟、雷达信号处理和雷达信号采集等功能,与计算机通讯使用USB2.0接口,采用数据抽取、坐标查表映射和DirectDraw等技术在计算机显示器上以P显和A显方式进行实时显示。该系统提供在线配置功能,用户可通过USB接口对FPGA程序进行配置或升级,无须专用配置芯片,简化了电路板设计,提高了系统的灵活性。     

Nostradamus: An OTH Radar

ONERA, funded by the French Ministry of Defence has conducted the realization and experimentations of the Doppler Skywave OTH radar called NOSTRADAMUS. One of the main characteristics of Skywave OTH radar is the dependence to the ionosphere for successful operation. The use of the HF band allows Skywave OTH radar to bounce radio waves from the ionosphere, receiving tiny signals back from reflecting surfaces as the sea, islands, ships and aircraft. The knowledge of the behavior of the ionosphere in a real time configuration is of primary importance because it influences on the choice of frequencies. Radars systems require developing a real-time frequency management system (FMS) using prediction program or measurements supplied by vertical or oblique sounders. The French OTH radar concept has been developed and implemented so that the radar could be completely autonomous with respect to others "ionospheric information providers." This paper presents the NOSTRADAMUS system, the frequency management system, and shows some results obtained during the past years     

The early history of pulse compression radar-the history of pulsecompression at Sperry Gyroscope Company

The development of pulse compression radar at Sperry is related on the basis of the author's personal recollections. He discusses the first experiments, concept improvements, demonstration of the concept, system implementations, dealings with the US Patent Office, and finishing touches     

National missile defense (NMD)

President Bush has declared his desire for early deployment of a US National Missile Defense or NMD system to protect the nation against an attack of one or a dozen ICBMs carrying nuclear or, possibly, other weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). He has the support of the Secretary of Defense, sizeable groups in Congress and the public who feel strongly that the US should have a means to provide protection against that threat, and the US has the technology to create that means. The author presents an overview of the perceived need for deploying such an NMD system which would entail the scrapping of existing ABM treaties     

Technical competence, engineering leadership and electric power

The author identifies societal needs that the engineer can help fulfil, and things that the engineer must do to accomplish this. He examines anti-engineering biases experienced by Galileo, the Challenger engineers, in the health effects of EMF fields, and in the economics of engineering-based activities. He proposes a number of corrective actions     

Review of Airport Surface Movement Radar Technology

Runway incursion is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing or intending to land." A summary of how severe this problem is can be found in a 2001 hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation. Surface movement radar (SMR) technology has evolved over the years as part of an effort to mitigate runway incursion risks and enhance airport capacity. Surface movement surveillance systems of various types have been installed in major airports as early as the 1960s, and have kept evolving. The most recent system currently being deployed in the US by the FAA is the airport surface movement detection equipment model X (ASDE-X) system. In this system, unlike previous systems, the surface movement radar is just one of several sensors that are used in addition to transponder multilateration and GPS-based position reports, referred to as automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast or ADS-B; however, the SMR is a key subsystem. This paper contains an overview of the state-of-the-art SMR technology and provides an introduction on the use of radar technology for this commercial application. It focuses on the architecture, characteristics and technology of the radar sensor, the characteristics of the clutter and how it affects the performance, effects of multipath, automatic detection and comparison of several sensor architectures. Sensis Corporation has recently completed the testing of a new, improved SMR, which is now part of ASDE-X system. This paper summarizes the main features of this radar     

MMWR/FLIR/ATR sensor fusion: proof of concept

To improve the relocatable target capabilities of strategic aircraft, a sensor fusion concept using a millimeter-wave radar (MMWR) and a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) system providing inputs to an auto target recognizer (ATR) has been developed. To prove this concept, a cooperative research effort is being conducted by a group of industry leaders in bomber avionics, MMWR, and ATR technologies. The author discusses the concept and the plan developed to test, evaluate, and demonstrate the expected performance     

Ultra-high performance, low-power, data parallel radar implementations

Radar involves similar operations applied to large amounts of data. It is thus well suited to data parallel (SEMD) hardware. In the past, large data-parallel machines have been applied to radar with limited success. This has been due to such reasons as programming issues, cost, and the hardware being too big for most embedded applications. Most SBVED machines went away a decade ago. There is now a new generation of SIMD COTS technology with powerful processing elements (PEs) and floating-point hardware. WorldScape is applying these chips to radar processing, and has demonstrated significantly more performance with much lower power dissipation (GFLOPS/Watt). These implementations provide attractive alternatives to traditional FPGA and DSP solutions. Lockheed-Martin has provided benchmark validation testing and support for these implementations. The current implementation is based on a 64 PE, 25 GFLOP CS-301 chip supplied by ClearSpeed Technology PLC. WorldScape has demonstrated FFT, Pulse Compression, a form of QR factorization, and other applications on this generation of hardware using a mix of C-level programming and optimized assembly. The next generation chip is compatible, but also has several improvements that will significantly enhance I/O performance as well as raw GFLOP throughput. An updated demonstration and discussion of a scalable processing platform for embedded radar processing which significantly improves I/O performance and provides a roadmap to government-qualified hardware for technology insertion. Architectures, data parallel coding approaches, additional functionality of the scalable processing platform, and relevance to embedded defense radar applications will be discussed.     

Propagation velocity uncertainty on GPR SAR processing

To detect buried landmines, Planning Systems Incorporated (PSI) has developed a ground-penetrating synthetic aperture radar (GPSAR) system. Since the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity in the soil depends on many factors, velocity uncertainty is inevitable. However, we have observed that, unlike conventional airborne/spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, the PSI GPSAR system is very robust against the velocity uncertainty under mild conditions. Theoretical analysis is provided to explain this observation. Although our discussion is based on the PSI GPSAR system, it applies to other GPR-based (ground-penetrating radar) landmine detection systems as well.     

The early history of pulse compression radar-the development ofAN/FPS-17 coded-pulse radar at Lincoln Laboratory

The development of pulse compression radar at MIT Lincoln Laboratory is related on the basis of the author's personal recollections. He describes the formation of the Radar Techniques Group, the development of the concept, the first system constructed, and the selection of an appropriate code for the transmitted waveform     

基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达目标RCS测量方法研究

随着现代信号处理技术的发展,对非平稳信号分析和处理的小波分析技术已成功应用于雷达目标特性分析领域,大功率单脉冲雷达作为我国航天测控网的主干设备,具有一定的目标特性识别能力。本文主要针对脉冲雷达RCS测量原理,讨论了基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达空间目标RCS测量方法,提出应发挥窄带低分辨率雷达在未来空间目标识别中的作用。