改善二元亚音扩压器性能的试验研究

本文按文献[1]提出的“失速裕度”设计法计算了二元亚音扩压器的几何尺寸和性能,其结果与作者所做的试验数据相差甚大.该扩压器是具有很大初始扩压角的突扩扩压器,在初始扩压段即出现严重的气流分离.此方法不适用的原因在于所用的附面层动量积分方程没有考虑壁面曲率项的影响.作者还对双扩压角直壁扩压器的性能进行试验研究,结果表明具有较大扩压角且短的初始扩压段的直壁扩压器性能优于相同面积比和长度的单扩压角直壁扩压器.此外,试验表明在分离点前安装适当型式和结构参数的叶片式涡流发生器能够控制扩压器内气流分离,从而使压力恢复系数C_p值提高25～34%.     

S弯扩压器内旋流的监测参数

 一、实验模型和设备 研究用的实验模型为一个带有进气导流段的矩形截面S弯扩压器（见图1）。进气导流段设有可更换部分,使导流段相对扩压器的角度在攻角方向由0°变为5°、10°、15°、30°、45°或60°,以改变扩压器进口截面的气流条件。导流段的进口采用了ρ=60sin2α的双纽线外形。模型设计及其详细的几何尺寸见文献[1]。     

基于小波神经网络的无叶扩压器失速分析

用来自不同文献的实验数据作为样本,对小波神经网络进行训练,并利用训练好的神经网络研究叶轮和扩压器几何尺寸对无叶扩压器失速的影响.计算分析结果表明:几何尺寸对于宽、窄扩压器失速的影响表现不同,这也证明了不同宽度的扩压器的确存在不同的失速机理.文章的结果,对无叶扩压器的设计具有一定的借鉴意义.      

下游畸变沿轴流压气机传递的研究

 工作于航空发动机中的轴流压气机必然会受到下游畸变的影响,其特性因而有所变化。虽然文献[1]研究了压气机后装上扩压器使失速点提前从而减少了喘振裕度;文献[2]对小扰动情况研究过下游不均匀时流场的计算方法;文献[3]于1987年3月报导了低速风扇后支板对风扇通道动态压力响应的实验研究;但他们均未对可压缩、大扰动下游畸变的传递作过研究。因此研究其预测方法,影响因素及其影响规律是十分必要的。     

环形扩压器造型计算方法

以往的计算方法常不计沿程压力损失对造型的影响,且认为流面与发动机中心线垂直。计算表明当扩压器进出口中心流线差较大时,计算误差较大。本文则考虑了沿程压力损失,且认为流面与扩压器中心流线垂直,给出了一种新的扩压器造型计算方法。     

进口为均匀剪切流的二元亚音扩压器

本文在主流为均匀流的二元亚音扩压器流动计算方法的基础上,发展了一种进口为均匀剪切流的二元亚音扩压器流动特性计算方法。为验证本方法,计算了三种实例,并和试验测定结果进行了比较,二者符合情况良好。     

翼型相对厚度对失速分离特性的影响

雷诺数为3.0×106时,选用了五种典型厚度的翼型,对其失速分离特性进行了实验研究,本文给出了这些不同厚度翼型失速分离特性的主要研究结果.研究结果表明,翼型相对厚度在7%～38%的范围内,各翼型的失速分离特性主要取决于上翼面的流动分离状况,这与文献[1,2]的结论一致.但是,对于特大相对厚度的55%的特厚翼型,则呈现出一种与前述不同的独特的失速分离特性.这种翼型的失速分离特性将会受到下翼面绕流特性的强烈影响,正是这种下翼面压力的发展变化最终导致整个翼型的完全失速分离.     

涡流发生器控制亚音速扩压器中分离流

 本文对涡流发生器在二元亚音扩压器分离流控制中的应用作了进一步的试验研究。通过精心地选择涡流发生器的结构参数,排列型式和安装位置、有效地控制了处于大瞬变失速流动状态的二元亚音扩压器内的流动分离,从而大大改善了扩压器的稳、动态性能。     

带气腔的离心压缩机旋转失速的三维数值模拟

使用商业CFD计算软件CFX求解三维雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组, 结合出口气腔模型对某带无叶扩压器的离心压缩机的旋转失速现象进行数值模拟.首先使用定常计算得到了该离心压缩机的稳态性能曲线, 并和实验测量值进行了比较.然后引入出口气腔模型, 模拟离心压缩机内的旋转失速流动.在小流量下, 从矢量图和径向速度等值线图中观察得到了离心压缩机内部流场的非定常流动现象.还研究了气腔模型不同参数对失速流动的影响, 结果表明气腔体积越大, 计算得到的失速频率越低.      

斜流工况下泵喷推进器推进性能数值分析

斜流入水的现象在推进器的运行过程中广泛存在,会对推进器的水动力性能造成不利影响。为了分析斜流工况对泵喷推进器推进效率及流场造成的影响,采用分块网格技术,对泵喷推进器内外流场进行了结构化网格划分。基于RANS 方程,SST k-ω 湍流模型,对不同转速（n=3000,3600,4200r/min）、不同斜流角（β=0°,5°,10°,15°,20°,25°,30°,40°） 的泵喷推进器进行了数值模拟。数值模拟方法通过Ka4-70/19A导管桨进行了验证,计算值与实验值吻合情况良好。研究结果表明,小角度下,斜流角的改变对泵喷推进器的效率影响很小;斜流角大于20°时,斜流角增大将使推进效率明显减少,这是由于泵喷推进器内流场分布不均,出现了水流聚集区和分散区,降低了泵喷推进器的平衡性以及对流体的加速效果;斜流角越大,叶尖间隙对主流影响越大,造成的能量损失越大。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.